...the three ethnic groups in Nigeria. The cultural groups include an Igbo, Yoruba and Hausa ethnic groups. The method of research will be an experimental research on the ethnic culture and how it affects consumer behavior. The objective for doing this research are as follow: what culture it and how it impacts consumer behaviors in Nigeria, how culture asct as an invisible hand that guides consumption-related attitude, values and behavior, how culture set standards for what satisfies consumers’ needs, how consumers are always adapting to culture-related experiences, how the impact of culture on consumer behavior is measured and how core culture values impact Nigerian consumers. Using the Hofstede’s (1980) cultural framework, differences in ethnic group’s cultural orientation will be hypothesized. Then for each cultural dimension, related consumer behaviors will be identified and the differences in those behaviors will be hypothesized according to the predicted differences in each related cultural dimension. After this, the influence of the cultural dimension on the identified consumer behavior will be investigated in a multiracial West African country, Nigeria. With major corporations seeking to move into African and sell to the African consumers, it is important that solid sub cultural research should be done. Nigeria provides a good starting point for sub cultural study on African customers as it is the most multiracial society in Africa. These three major ethnic groups live...
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...been several cases for an example: the O.J Simpson case or the police officers in the Rodney King beating. The evidence was visible, but the verdict was not guilty. This paper includes how and if ethnicity influences courtroom proceedings and judicial practices, arguments against ethnicity-based jury nullification, contemporary examples of ethnicity based-jury nullification, and by choosing a position for or against ethnicity-based jury nullification. Ethnicity Influences and Judicial Practices There have been plenty of attempts to advance equal justice in the United States (Ward, Farrell, & Rousseau, 2009). In the criminal justice administration disparity still remains a concern. Criminal justice research on sentencing has found disparity based on defendant characteristics as gender, race, and class. There have been two changes by many individuals to secure equal justice in the court system. Implementations of sentencing guidelines, reduce bias, and increased racial and ethnic group representation among arbiters of justice (Ward, Farrell, & Rousseau, 2009). This may diversify the pool of explicit and implicit bias that will reduce White advantages. Racial and ethnic composition of law enforcement and legal authorities has changed in selected jurisdictions (Ward, Farrell, & Rousseau, 2009). Many people expected this progress toward equal representation among legal authorities...
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...other potential plaintiffs, Mazda sought a non- sharing protective order that would keep the information under seal and prohibit the Chudasamas from sharing Mazda's proprietary information with anyone. They filed a motion for such a protective order on August 16, 1994. The Chudasamas objected, but indicated that they would accept a "sharing" protective order that would allow them to share the information with similarly situated plaintiffs, but not with anyone else. A protective order was issued by the court for the protection of Mazda's confidential information from disclosure to its competitors. 2. What is the practical consequences of a default judgment being entered against the defendants? The default consequences would be at the court discretion. The court decided that Mazda would provide the plaintiff with all information, the discovery. The court based their decision in the plaintiff’s failure because Mazda of withheld information. 3. Is a ruling of this nature likely to have any impact on the litigation process in this country? Finding that the district court abused its discretion, we vacate the order...
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...Professional Values and Ethics Abstract Everybody has a set of rules they live by. People make decisions based on these “rules,” which are also known as values and ethics. In the workplace there are also values and ethics involved in everyday decision making. So to be successful one needs to know what professional values and ethics are. As well, he or she needs to know where they come from. It is also very important to how those values and ethics can determine career success. Every company will have its own code of values and ethics that will determine what they will require from each employee. Professional Values and Ethics Values and ethics are principals that help individuals determine their actions and conduct in any given profession. Values and ethics are principals that individuals build over time. Values help an individual determine what to trust and what to ignore. These are a set of rules we have set for ourselves or have been taught as beliefs by a person or social group. Values and ethics go hand-in-hand. Ethics is a set of rules that people have set for themselves or by a group or profession. Understanding the difference between values and ethics can be tricky, but the differences are important when making a point or getting a point across to a group of people. For example: a business owner wants his or her workers to give good customer service. So he or she would have a policy set in place to help with value and ethic principals she set for his or her business...
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...expanding into China we need to understand and accommodate those differences. While there are many cross-cultural differences between the US and China I will look at three of them. Three of those cross-cultural differences you need to understand and accommodate before you expand into China are ethnic culture, priorities, and decision making. The ethnic culture of China varies greatly from that of the US. Chinese people are more focused on relationships and group work while Americans are more individuals. Chinese tend to be more courteous and create personal relationships with their co-workers. Americans tend to be more direct and put business above personal relationships. Because of these differences, Americans tend to put conflicts behind them quicker for the betterment of the business and Chinese tend to take things more personally and it takes them longer to put conflicts in the past. Chinese also respect people based on age and wisdom whereas Americans tend to respect success and achievement. When expanding into China you need to address the ethnic culture in order to build a strong team and work force. You cannot be as direct and commanding as you are in the USA. The ethnic culture also influences the next difference which is priorities. While the majority of Americans put business as a top priority the Chinese priorities are more mixed or blended together. The Chinese priorities are individual, nation, and business at the top. This goes back to the strong community...
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...Running head: CULTURAL COMPETENCE: CULTURAL CARE Cultural Competence: Cultural Care Grand Canyon University: NRS 429V September 24, 2011 Cultural Competence: Cultural Care Introduction Who is the person the nurse is caring for? Where is that person from? Does this person speak English, or understand what the caregiver is saying? What is this person’s cultural background? What are the health beliefs of this person, what are their illness beliefs and practices? These questions are answered differently depending upon the person and their heritage. As healthcare providers it is important to have a broad knowledge base in regards to different cultures and people’s practices to deliver effective health care. In 2006, the population of the United States surpassed 300 million. The largest and fastest growing populations are the Hispanics followed by blacks, then Asians. With the ever-growing diverse population, it stands to rationale the importance of learning cultural aspects of health and illness. Cultural beliefs effect health decisions. Health care providers face the challenge of delivering effective care to diverse populations in a respectful manner that takes into consideration the values and preferences of their culture. Cultural care is a concept that encompasses the patient’s cultural needs, beliefs, and health care practices (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). This paper will examine different cultural health traditions and the effectiveness of applying a heritage assessment...
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...Emerging Standards of Care: Cultural Competence Nur 531 July 29, 2013 Instructor Greg Friensz Emerging Standards of Care: Cultural Competence The current U.S. population exhibits unparalleled sociocultural and ethnic diversity, yet the nursing workforce fails to reflect the current state of the nation’s diversity. According to Clark, Calvillo, Fongwa, Kools, Dela Cruz, Lowe, and Mastel-Smith (2011) non-Hispanic Whites constitute 83.2% of the nursing workforce, although Hispanics, African Americans, American Indians, Asians, and other ethnic groups remain underrepresented. Nursing faces the challenge to meet the health care needs of such a culturally diverse population while promoting diversity in the workforce through educating nurses on cultural sensitivity and competence. Cultural competence in nursing is evolving as the standard of care. Nursing and other health care providers must employ knowledge of various social and cultural influences in the care setting to promote patient-centered care (Mitchell, Fioravanti, Founds, Hoffmann, & Libman, 2010). It is crucial to recognize and appreciate the relevance of diversity in the acute care setting to set standards of culturally competent nursing care, and improve care delivery through meeting and improving these standards. When examining definitions and concepts of cultural competence, it is evident that it not only pertains to race, sex, age, and ethnicity, but encompasses “other inseparable factors of culture...
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...Emerging Standards of Culturally Competent Care NUR/531 University of Phoenix Emerging Standards of Care: Cultural Competence The current U.S. population exhibits unparalleled sociocultural and ethnic diversity, yet the nursing workforce fails to reflect the current state of the nation’s diversity. According to Clark, Calvillo, Fongwa, Kools, Dela Cruz, Lowe, and Mastel-Smith (2011) non-Hispanic Whites constitute 83.2% of the nursing workforce, although Hispanics, African Americans, American Indians, Asians, and other ethnic groups remain underrepresented. Nursing faces the challenge to meet the health care needs of such a culturally diverse population while promoting diversity in the workforce through educating nurses on cultural sensitivity and competence. Cultural competence in nursing is evolving as the standard of care. Nursing and other health care providers must employ knowledge of various social and cultural influences in the care setting to promote patient-centered care (Mitchell, Fioravanti, Founds, Hoffmann, & Libman, 2010). It is crucial to recognize and appreciate the relevance of diversity in the acute care setting to set standards of culturally competent nursing care, and improve care delivery through meeting and improving these standards. Cultural Competence ...
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...The Grey Zone Whose responsibility is it to ensure that workplaces are safe, especially when work is outsourced? Strategic managers have the responsibility to ensure that work places are safe when work is outsourced. Strategic decision makers must consider many aspects when pursuing international strategies (Coulter, 2013, p.198). Before doing business internationally, however, strategic managers need to explore, examine, and understand as best as they can, the important issues in the international environment (Coulter, 2013, p.198). Although outsourcing work has its advantages, the drawbacks must also be considered. Some safety concerns could include: 1) differences in language, culture, and value systems, 2) ethnic, religious, and cultural tensions, and 3) disruptive changes such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and disease outbreak. Differences in language and culture may cause difficulty in implementing safety protocol. The employees may not fully comprehend what you want, due to the language barrier. The culture of the country that you’re outsourcing your work to may not value safety. This can be a huge risk if you are operating machinery. Ethnic concerns are also important. How the country that your business is based in is, viewed by the country that you’re relocating to? If you are outsourcing work for your company to a country that is hostile towards your, it could pose a huge risk. Will the religious views of the country you’re outsourcing to allow employees...
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...Heritage Assessment Chiugo Alexander Grand Canyon University: NRS-429 V Heritage Assessment September 19, 2014 Heritage Assessment America is a melting pot of people from divergent ethnicities in the world leading to disparity in the healthcare system. In other to improve the healthcare outcomes in the nation, there is a need to reduce the insightful disparity in health care status amongst the various ethnic groups that suffer great disproportionate poor health. With advancement in education and technology, there has been an increase in the awareness of how beliefs, values, religion, language, and other socioeconomic factors affects healthcare promotions and quest for seeking medical treatment (Green & Reinckens, 2013, p. 16). In other to achieve the health promotion process as outlined by World Health Organization, we will have to perfect our application of cultural competency to health care and hence the heritage assessment tool. Using information obtained from three families, this paper will analyze the importance of using the heritage assessment tool in assessing, evaluate, and compare their cultural beliefs, and how they subscribe to them and then develop health plans that lead to holistic care. Usefulness of Applying a Heritage Assessment in Evaluating the Needs of the Whole Person Heritage Assessment Tool represents a complete overview of a person’s way of living. It encompasses a person’s history, system of worship, relationship to the immediate and extended...
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...AFFIRMATIVE ACTION What is affirmative action? As your advisors, paid handsomely to represent the issue of Affirmative Action in the United States to you, we have gathered and analyzed the core considerations surrounding the issue. We see that there are immense difficulties in reconciling opposing moral views, and that empirical data does not reveal an obvious truth. But there can be much gained in way of a better understanding of the issue in spite of these obstacles if we can take a holistic approach to the problem. Affirmative action is a two-pronged effort that includes “the right of all persons to be accorded full and equal consideration on the basis of merit” (K.U Medical School) and, concurrently, a policy of actively “hiring and promoting qualified individuals in protected groups such as minorities, disabled veterans, Vietnam-era veterans and women” (U. of South Dakota). It was created to focus on education and jobs, and the policies were put in place to take active measures, under the framework of non-discrimination, to ensure that disadvantaged groups that had prevalently suffered discrimination have the same opportunities as whites. The U.S. Department of Labor describes affirmative action as the “ban[ing of] discrimination and requir[ing of] contractors and subcontractors to take… action to ensure that all individuals have an equal opportunity for employment, without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability or status as...
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...International Consumer Behaviour ROBOLOVE Théo LAMARE By Robolove, we do not mean a feeling of love towards robots like it is depicted in Spike Jonze’s disturbing movie “her”, even if humanity could be soon exposed to this unexpected situation. Here, we rather mean the phenomenon characterized by the fact that there are more and more robots presents in our daily lives, which is also true in the business world. People will be more frequently in contact with robots in circumstances that they are rather used to communicate with humans so far. If this trend can be qualified as worldwide, I have decided to focus on a specific market: Switzerland. This country, whose capital city is Bern, is located in Western and Central Europe. From a political point of view, Switzerland is one of the most stable in the world, it remains a high performer according to the World Bank’s global governance indicators that rank between 91 and 99,5 in all parameters. Switzerland’s government is a team composed of seven members with equal rights. Thus, President and Vice President are elected by the Federal Assembly. The executive power is exercised by the government and the federal administration so it is not concentrated in any one person. Concerning its economic landscape, Switzerland ranks as one of the world’s most competitive economies, with a GDP of around $685bn in 2013. With prudent monetary and fiscal policies in place, the country has resisted to the economic recession much better...
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...sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Theory and Research in Education can be found at: Email Alerts: http://tre.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://tre.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://tre.sagepub.com/content/5/1/87.refs.html >> Version of Record - Feb 13, 2007 What is This? Downloaded from tre.sagepub.com at Templeman Lib/The Librarian on January 28, 2013 . . TRE Individual choice and unequal participation in higher education k ri st i n vo i g t Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford, UK a b s t rac t Does the unequal participation of non-traditional students in higher education indicate social injustice, even if it can be traced back to individuals’ choices? Drawing on luck egalitarian approaches, this article suggests that an answer to this question must take into account the effects of unequal brute luck on educational choices. I use a framework based on expected utility theory to analyse qualitative studies on educational choice.This reveals a variety of mechanisms through which differences in background conditions make non-traditional students less likely to apply to university and/or particular institutions; the unequal participation of nontraditional students in higher education remains a problem of social justice. k e y w o r d s choice, egalitarianism, equality...
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...COUNSELLING FOR SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT: A PANACEA FOR SOCIO-POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND ETHNIC/RELIGIOUS CRISES IN NIGERIA BY: IRABOR PETER ODION 07037830536 DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL STUDIES, COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, IGUEBEN, EDO STATE BEING A PAPER PRESENTED AT THE COUNSELLING ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA (CASSON) HELD AT SCHOOL HALL, NATIONAL GRAMMAR SCHOOL, NIKE ENUGU, ENUGU STATE FROM 16TH TO 17TH OF APRIL, 2012 ABSTRACT Counselling-which that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action is inevitable in any organisation, institutions or society. More importantly, the roles of counselling in a country like Nigeria made up of diverse ethnic groups and often confronted with socio-political menace that threatens her existence cannot be over emphasized. This study therefore investigates the roles and important of counselling towards the sustainability of Nigeria socio-political development and ethnic/religious unity. Finally, the study examined and recommended how Nigeria can equally experience stable socio-political and ethnic/religious unity with the counsellors playing divergence role in the society. INTRODUCTION Nigeria is a country of extraordinary diversity and as such has extraordinary complexities (Irabor, 2011). Indeed, Nigeria adventure into pluralism of religions and ethnic diversities owns its origin to colonial conquest which permeated the entire continent of Africa beginning from the early 19th...
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...Decisions in Paradise JUMA SHALABI University of Phoenix MGT 350 Bridget Peaco 06-04-2012 The purpose of this paper will be to study primary thoughts for the development of a new Furniture store on the South Pacific island of Kava. Nik works at a furniture retail store as a marketing specialist and is hired to make decisions that will impact the company on the long term. He was assigned to research and gather information for the island of Kava and present it to the owners of Orleans Furniture. The research will conclude valuable information on the island which will help Orleans furniture determine the variety of the items that should be carried. Orleans’s mission is to be a unique business that will help the working force coming from all over the world to purchase products that make them feel like they are home. Nik’s success depends on how he can define the matters that are involved in formulation of the problem. Nik had to consider the stakeholders that will be affected by the decision thru researching the environment in kava and how can it be a threat to the organization. Moreover, Nik should apply critical thinking in his decision making process before he presents it to Orleans furniture. Nik’s main problem was to collect valuable information in order to present it to the owners of Orleans furniture and weather it’s a convenient to establish a business in Kava. However, earlier to providing any recommendation, Nik had to consider some reasons involved in the formulation...
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