...Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma What is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma you may ask? It’s a cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are a part of the body's immune system. Over the years the rate of NHL has increased rapidly. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is different from Hodgkins because NHL includes different types of lymphoma while Hodgkin's does not. You may ask, what’s the difference in NHL and HL? Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma doesn’t include the Reed-Sternberg cells although Hodgkin's does. Any type of lymphoma that doesn’t have to do with Reed-Sternberg cells is classified as Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All according to the Lymphoma Research Foundation. Non-Hodgkins is the 5th most common cancer and the 3rd fastest growing. Non-Hodgkin's...
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...Tamara Goins- Weekly Research- Week 5- Antonelli College- Ericca Peacock- Instructor For this weekly research, I have chosen Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. From my research, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is also called NHL, and no, not for the National Hockey League! But for the acronym of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a cancer that starts in your lymphatic system where it in turn, develops into tumors from our white blood cells, called lymphocytes. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a more common type than that of the Hodgkin Lymphoma. Some of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma’s symptoms may include painless, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, your armpits, and your groin area. There could also be abdominal pain and or swelling. You could have chest pain...
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...Hodgkin disease Mary-Beth Stilwell 7/7/2015 ITT Technical Institute There are many diseases of the lymphatic system. The one I am going to focus on today is Hodgkin Disease. I will begin by explaining what Hodgkin disease is. Followed by what are the causes, signs and symptoms. Next I will explain possible treatments for the disease. Then, I will discuss how Hodgkin disease affects everyday life of a person who suffers from it. “Hodgkin disease also known as Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system. Cells in the lymphatic system grow abnormally and may spread beyond the lymphatic system” (mayoclinic.org, 2014).” Hodgkin disease is a type of lymphoma, a cancer that starts in white blood cells” (The American cancer society, 2015). There are two types of this disease Hodgkin disease and Non-Hodgkin disease. “The two types differ in how they behave, spread, and respond to treatment. So it is important to tell them apart. Doctors can usually tell the difference by looking at the cancer cells under a microscope or by doing special lab tests. Both children and adults can develop Hodgkin disease” (The American cancer society, 2015). Hodgkin disease spreads through the lymph vessels. “Because lymphoid tissue is in many parts of the body, Hodgkin disease can start almost anywhere. Most often it starts in lymph nodes in the upper part of the body. The most common sites are in the chest, neck or under the arms. It spreads lymph node to lymph node. Rarely and late in...
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...Clinical manifestations of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can bring about a wide range of signs and side effects, contingent upon where it is in the body. Now and again it won't not create any indications until it becomes very huge. Regular signs and manifestations include: Enlarged lymph nodes Swollen abdomen (belly) Feeling full after only a small amount of food Chest pain or pressure Shortness of breath or cough Fever Weight loss Night sweats Fatigue (extreme tiredness) Low red blood cell counts (anemia) Swollen lymph nodes: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can make lymph hubs get to be distinctly broadened. At the point when this happens in lymph hubs near the surface of the body, (for example, on the sides of the neck, in the crotch or underarm regions, or over the neckline bone), they might be seen or felt as bumps under the skin. These are regularly found by the patient, a relative, or a medicinal services proficient. Albeit broadened lymph hubs are a typical indication of lymphoma, they...
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...The disease I choose to write about is Cancer, specifically Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a large group of cancers of lymphocytes (white blood cells). The disease can occur at any age but most notably older than 60. Cancer is prominent on both sides of my family. On my mom’s side there is (my grandmother, my aunt) which have both passed with cancer and my mother, my uncle, and my grandfather all have cancer that is in remission at this time. On my dad’s side, there was my dad and a brother and a sister. All of these individuals have died from Cancer with the exception of my step-grandfather who was diagnosed around 65 in early stage of renal (kidney) cancer and my Aunt who was diagnosed with renal cancer 25 years ago. My grandfather is once again, fighting cancer and seems to be losing this time. My father’s oldest brother and oldest sister died from cancer. They died when I was young so I don't know much about their type of cancer or what their daily lives were like. My father on the other hand was a smoker and was diagnosed with cancer when he was 38. He went thru chemo and radiation but it did not help. He passed within six months of being diagnosed with the cancer. I was working at a fast food place when I was in high school and one night I fell at work decided I was ok to stay. Until, later that night when I got home and started having really bad pain in my back. I then decided I needed to go to the emergency room and there they did test. My kidney...
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...Dennis Leary BIO 1100 July 21,2015 The different forms of Cancer Abnormal growth of cells, better known as Cancer was until recently one of those diseases that I knew caused the death of many people even family members that I cried for but had no idea how to support. I knew that there were different forms of cancer but I didn’t really understand how to detect or even the treatment if any that was available to people suffering from this disease. I will be reviewing the different forms of Cancer such as Sarcoma, Carcinoma, Lymphoma, and Leukemia while discussing some of the signs and systems associated with each form of Cancer and also where each form is developed in the body. One form of Cancer is Sarcoma, which develops in the bone or certain soft tissues. Although sarcomas can be found in any part of the body they are usually in the arms and the legs. As with other forms of Cancer a big detector of sarcomas is a lump in the arms or legs. These lumps are painless and can also appear simply as swelling. Detection is key because in the beginning you may not show any symptoms at all but as the tumor grow it will start to have an affect on how the body functions. A sarcoma can develop in either adults or children however it is only accounts for about 1% adult Cancers and about 15 % in children’s Cancers. There are around fifty different types of soft tissue sarcomas. Treatment for a Sarcoma is normally surgery. If a sarcoma can be removed surgically...
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...as "perhaps the most toxic molecule ever synthesized by man". Internal memoranda revealed that Monsanto had informed the U.S. government in 1952 that its 2,4,5-T was contaminated. In the manufacture of 2,4,5-T, accidental overheating of the reaction mixture easily causes the product to condense into the toxic self-condensation product TCDD. At the time, precautions were not taken against this unintended side reaction, which also caused the Seveso disaster in Italy in 1976. In 1979, Yale biologist Arthur Galston, who specialized in herbicide research, published a review of what was known at the time about the toxicity of TCDD. Even "vanishingly small" quantities of dioxin in the diet caused adverse health effects when tested on animals. The National Toxicology Program has classified TCDD as "known to be a human carcinogen", frequently associated with soft-tissue sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic...
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...Lymphoma Lymphoma is when cells in the lymph system change and grow uncontrollably that may form a tumor. In the lymph system there are thin tubes that branch out to all different parts of the body ("Types of Cancer: Lymphoma"). Its job is to fight infections and diseases. In the lymph system it carries lymph which is colorless fluid containing lymphocytes that are white blood cells. The main job of a lymphocyte is to fight of germs in the body. Two main lymphocytes are B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes also called B-cells make antibodies to fight off bacteria and T-lymphocytes kill viruses, foreign cells and triggers B-cells to make antibodies ("Types of Cancer: Lymphoma"). In different areas of the lymph systems there are lymph nodes through out the body. “Lymph nodes are found in clusters in the abdomen, groin, pelvis, underarms, and neck. Other parts of the lymph system include the spleen which makes lymphocytes and filters blood, the thymus an organ under the breast bone and the tonsils which are located in the throat” ("Types of Cancer: Lymphoma"). There are two types of lymphoma Hodgkin and Non Hodgkin. They both have different types and it is important to know which you have so the treatment is affective. Hodgkin is a blood cancer but may appear as a solid tumor in the glands, most common in teenagers and young adults. According how the cells look under a microscope is how they are identified ("Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research"). Most patients...
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...industrial farming began. In the beginning, it was considered to be necessary because the immense numbers of crops that were being destroyed by insects and other organisms each year. Since the development of the pesticide, both natural and synthetic, these losses have become virtually nonexistent. The true question at hand is what is the real cost of using pesticides? Pesticides that are being used to exterminate a specific group of organisms, but are given the stipulation to not harm the main consumers (humans) those who consume them on a daily basis. How have these pesticides affected the health of the people who continually ingest them? Throughout the years, the physical health of people has been negatively impacted by the use of dangerous pesticides. To begin with the carcinogens found in pesticides have been linked to the development of various types of cancers. One type of cancer that seemed to have a presence among farmers who sprayed their crops with pesticides was cancer known as non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. This cancer is the most prevalent when relating to the people who administer the pesticides. Alavanja states that “Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is among the most widely studied cancers in relation to pesticide use. In reviews of the literature, Blair & Zahm (32, 34) reported that NHL has been linked with phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, organochlorine pesticides, and organophosphate pesticides in analytical epidemiological studies”(Alavanja). This shows how many...
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...Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Tawanda Bryant | [Leukemia and Lymphoma Society] | The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) is: Cure leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease and myeloma, and improves the quality of life of patients and their families. Providing free information and support services, Leukemia and Lymphoma funds lifesaving blood cancer research around the world. | LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA SOCIETY TAWANDA BRYANT 11410 COUNTY ROAD 20 BOLIGEE, AL 35443 (205) 336-9851 tbryant3030@yahoo.com LEADERSHIP and ORGANIZATIONAL MAR12 SEC AA March 9, 2012 INSTRUCTOR: SHAROLYN HERGOTT LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA SOCIETY I have picked this organization because my best friend passed away last year with leukemia and I wanted to find out more on this disease and what I can do to help. Been passionate and concern about not only her health but the health of her kids, my research will show why it is important to me as well as others. Having a passion for helping other in any way I can is what I am going for. I also like the face that I can somewhat relate to their illness and pain they endure within their life. I would love to find a quicker cure for these diseases, but I know others are working on something better. Having someone close to you with any type of disease, not just leukemia or lymphoma is hard to take in and understand. Having the ability to communicate, have critical thinking, collaboration, and the ability to problem solve is what I aim for. What I do will...
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...B-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 2 is a special type of proto-oncogene found on chromosome 18. Its product is an integral membrane protein (called BCL-2) located in the membrane of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), the nuclear envelope, and in the outer membranes of the Mitochondria. The gene was discovered as a trans located locus in B-cell Leukemia, and found also in most B-cell Lymphomas. In the cancerous B-cells, the amount of chromosome 18 holding the BCL-2 locus has undergone a reciprocal translocation with the portion of chromosome 14, holding the antibody heavy chain locus. This (14; 18) translocation places the BCL-2 gene close to the heavy chain gene enhancer. This enhancer is active in the B cells- whose job is to synthesize large amounts of the antibody-. So it is not very surprising to discover that the BCL-2 protein is expressed at high levels in these T (14; 18) cells. B-cells, like all activated lymphocytes, die after they have done their jobs. This makes sure they do not linger after the threat has...
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...A Universal Fight On April 24, 1980, Ken Horne was reported to the Center for Disease Control. He was suffering from Kaposi’s sarcoma of the skin and Cryptococcus, both of which are very rare. At the end of 1981, 121 people had died from a mysterious disease similar to Horne’s. Rumors of a disease that attacked homosexual men spread across the country until the disease proved to spread among heterosexual as well as homosexual partners. On July 27, 1982, the term “Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)” was proposed in Washington. Today, this is a term we all recognize and fear, but many people do not truly understand the real complexity of the issue or how it spreads and develops. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus, meaning it is an RNA virus that undergoes a process called “reverse transcriptase.” This process creates a complementary strand for the RNA, together making a double-stranded line of DNA that is then inserted into the host’s genome. However, in the process of creating a complementary strand, the virus often makes small mistakes. These small mistakes are genetic mutation of the virus, leading to countless strains of the same basic virus and diminishing the hope of one overall cure. Misconceptions or ignorance of HIV and its consequences result in dramatic spread of the virus. It is common knowledge that HIV is sexually transmitted, but not quite as commonly understood that it can be spread by blood contact. Many places in the world...
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...Concept of Cellular Regulation: Breast Cancer Student Name El Centro Community College Concept of Cellular Regulation: Breast Cancer The concept of Cellular Regulation consists of many exemplars, including Breast Tumors/Breast Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Lung Cancer, Colon Cancer, Lymphomas (Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s), Skin Cancer and Leukemia. For the purpose of this paper the exemplar I will be focusing on is Breast Cancer. There are only a couple of sites that are typical of breast metastasis including bone, brain, liver, and lung. When the primary cancer site has developed in other areas of the body, it is unlikely that it will metastasize to the breast. The most common sites of metastatic disease in all types of cancer is brain, bone, liver, and lung. The American Cancer Society defines breast cancer as a “malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can invade the surrounding tissues or spread to distant areas of the body” (American Cancer Society, 2014). Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, the first being lung cancer. “In the United States over 182,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer and over 67,000 cases of in situ breast cancer are diagnosed annually” (Lewis, 2011 pg. 1311). Those numbers include almost 41,000 deaths, including both men and women. Breast cancer is typically the primary cancer and can spread, or metastasize, to other areas of the body. There are...
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...Kramer Gibson English 2010 August 12, 2011 Simian 40 Virus (Monkey Virus) The scientific medical community must accept the fact that the Simian 40 Virus that was introduced through the Polio Vaccine back in the 50's, is, in deed the base cause of many of today's cancers and immune deficiency diseases. So that once this argument is accepted, positive research can be done in finding a way to kill this virus, kill the cancer it has caused, and rebuilds the immune system, thus finding the real cure for cancer. Between 1952 and 1955 many Researchers including Jonas Salk were frantically trying to perfect a vaccination to stop the horrible effects of the deadly Polio Virus that had swept the Nation as well as the world. The vaccine had to be developed in live tissue, more specifically, a fresh kidney that most closely resembled that of a human's kidney. As the Rhesus Monkey from India was already so abundantly used in laboratories, not much debate went into the choice of subject. Even though the monkey is dirty, temperamental, and it’s bite has already proven to be deadly, the rhesus monkey’s kidney was the tissue used to grow the Polio vaccine. The kidney was extracted from the monkey while still alive, then injected with the live Polio Virus where it was grown and tested. The monkey’s kidney was full of unknown viruses, while totally safe for monkeys, still harmful when injected into the human’s blood stream. The researchers, especially Jonas...
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...virulent, but eventually produces clinical findings similar to HIV-1. ( ) HIV/AIDS can produce various pathological findings depending on what stage of the virus is in. HIV is a retrovirus, which can cause profound immunoincompetence in its infected hosts, who are thereafter susceptible to develop a myriad of infections and malignancies. (Macher, 1988) HIV attacks the immune system, mainly the T-cells, otherwise known as the CD4 cells. These are the white blood cells that protect the body from infections and disease. The normal range of CD4 cells in a healthy, human body is approximately 600 to 1,500. When the number of CD4 cells drop below 200 due to being destroyed, HIV has progressed to AIDS. There are many factors that can dictate the speed of progression from HIV to AIDS. Some examples of these factors are nutrition, age, genetic background, antiretroviral therapy (ART), infections, and HIV subtype. Research has shown that there are certain infections, cancers, and pathogens that are more prevalent and have a higher occurrence in the AIDS patients. Malignancies such as Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, and Kaposi’s sarcoma have a high incidence rate in a person with AIDS. With the weakened immune system, the individual has a higher risk of contracting tuberculosis, hepatitis C, pneumonia, and other bacterial infections. Lymphomas are common because they originate in the cells of the immune system and then spread to other parts of the body. The already weakened immune...
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