...Hate Crimes in American Society in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries Sample Student Research Paper Project of Sociology Table of Contents I. Thesis Statement…………………………………………….………….....Page 4 II. Introduction and Summary………………………………….………….....Page 4 III. Literature Review………………………………………………………....Page 6 IV. Methods………………………………………………………….......….. Page 16 V. Socio-Historical Analysis………………………………………………. .Page 18 A. 20th Century 1. Lynching 2. Ku Klux Klan 3. Rodney King and the Los Angeles Riots 4. Matthew Shepard B. 21st Century 1. Post 9/11 2. Jena Six VI. Cause and Effect Analysis…………………………………………… ....Page 24 A. Causes 1. Prejudice a. Stereotypes b. Scapegoats c. Presence of Hate in American Culture d. Need for Status and Power 2. Reasons for Crime a. Sending a Message b. Thrill Seeking c. Defensive B. Effects 1. Psychological Trauma 2. Undo Social Progress 3. Community Unrest 4. Threat of Retaliation VII. Descriptive Analysis……………………………………………….........Page 30 A. Description of Victims 1. Bias against a Particular Race 2. Bias against a Particular Religion 3. Bias against a Particular Sexual Orientation 4. Bias against a Particular Ethnicity/National Origin 5. Bias against a Disability B. Description of Offenses and Offenders This must be your new section? VIII. Comparative Analysis…………………………………………………. Page 36 A. United States Justice Department Definition of Hate Crime B. International Justice...
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...diversity among Asian Pacific Americans, they are often misperceived as a monolithic group. Thus, even though an act of anti-Asian sentiment might be perpetrated with a particular ethnic group in mind (e.g., Indian, Filipino or Korean), a failure to make distinctions between Asian Pacific American ethnic groups causes members of all groups to become potential victims of hate crimes. Hate incidents are expressions of hostility based on race, religion, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation or disability. Hate incidents are not illegal. They may take the form of name-calling or using racial slurs, hate speech, the distribution of racist leaflets or other disrespectful behavior. Hate crimes are defined by federal or state statutes. A hate crime occurs when a person commits an act such as assault, battery, criminal damage to property, criminal trespass to property or mob action because of the victim's real or perceived race, religion, nationality, gender, sexual orientation or disability. Hate crime laws vary from state to state. Hate crimes are another type of abuse, and one which can occur anywhere and anytime. In the United States today, the most commonly publicized hate crimes are those perpetrated on particular ethnic groups (such as persons of Middle Eastern descent, or...
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...October 23, 2011 Inside Look at Hate Crimes Abstract Hate crimes are many different criminal acts such as vandalism, arson, assault and even murder. Many hate crimes are based on an individual’s race, gender, religion, age, sexual orientation, ethnicity and disabilities. Everyone can be potential victims of hate crimes. Anyone from any social class can be considered targets for hate crimes. If you or a groups believes in a different religion or speak a different language and the offenders does not approve than they will target you. No one can be really safe and overcome if they are being targeted. It’s a cruel and depressing world. With help we as a community can stop hate crimes. Inside Look at Hate Crimes Hate crimes are many different criminal acts such as vandalism, arson, assault and even murder. Many hate crimes are based on an individual’s race, gender, religion, age, sexual orientation, ethnicity and disabilities (SikhNet, n.d). When people commit hate crimes they generally chose someone that cannot change a characteristic that they do not like. Hate crimes has been a devastating part of criminology in the United States. A criminologist is one that studies crime and criminal acts. They analyze criminal behavior patterns and criminal law, and gives theoretical explanations for criminal and delinquent behaviors (Criminal Justice, 2011). Criminologist have been working hard to characterize the people who are capable of committing crimes that are based only on the characteristics...
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...Crash Kendra Koelsch SOC1101: Human Behavior Instructor Robyn Milliken-Setser August 17th, 2015 The movie Crash (2005) is intended to be a nature of life in America in regards to equality. It is set in Los Angeles, it is about social and cultural stereotypes, race, and the conflict that often ensues as a result. The movie is presented in the conflict perspective which according to Richard T. Schaefer (2009) "assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power including housing, money, access to services and political representation". Crash uses tension to the story line of each character forcing them into positions of conflict as well as dependence, and emphasizes the status of equality in America. In order to progress to a more equal society it is essential like Americans presented in the movie Crash, especially those most often seen in modern society such as stereotyping, hate crimes, etc… Schaefer defines stereotypes as "unreliable generalizations about all members of a group shows a car crash involving two police detectives and an Asian woman. You can see from the beginning of the movie that the stereotyping begins immediately when the Asian woman tells the police officer that is writing the traffic report that "Mexicans don’t know how to drive. She brakes too fast!" (Haggis, 2005) A verbal struggle ensues between the Latina police detective, who is driving and the Asian woman. RIA mocks the lady about her incorrect pronunciation...
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...supporting details per main point. A hate crime is the victimization of an individual’s race, religion, national origin, ethnic identification. • Write all supporting details and subdetails in complete sentences. In both crime and law hate crime is also known as bias-motivated crime. It’s usually violent, prejudice motivated crime that occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her perceived membership in a certain social group. • Include both in-text citations in the outline and a references page following the outline. Many of your supporting details and subdetails will need in-text citations. I have got most of my information from Wikipedia. • Outline only the body of your paper (not your introduction or conclusion). Hate crime generally refers to criminal acts that are seen to have been motivated by bias against one or more types of groups or their derivatives. Incidents may involve physical assault, damage to property, bullying, harassment, verbal abuse or insults, or even offensive graffiti or letters. • Avoid bias and present a balanced case for your thesis—this will strengthen your writing. Hate crimes in America is on the rise. People are getting mistreated and there is nothing being done about it. With the hate on the rise people are either killing each other or they are killing themselves because they cannot deal with the pain anymore. Your thesis statement: Outline: I. Introduction Hate Crime is a major issue II. First main...
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...gangs located everywhere, killing innocent African Americans. These men and woman feed off of fear from the hate of other racial groups that feel they are trespassing on their territories. Drugs play a big part to the Latino economy, these gang members have killed multiple police officers. Gang members are being arrested every single day in America for the distribution of Cocaine, Marijuana, Crystal Meth, and Heroin. Somebody needs to get these brutal criminals off of the streets, these gang members are causing death to the innocent people of America. We’re just sitting around watching the death rate add up. The murder rate against African Americans is 8,000 to 9,000 deaths a year. Does anybody see this as a problem? The crime rate, along with murder rate, is outrageous. As a country, we should see this as a huge issue. Seems to be that our priorities are set on something other than what’s important. Such as, new gun legislation. Latino’s are not only drug trafficking in California. This is happening all over the US, where men and women are being punished for innocent acts. This happening in each and every single one of the States. Page 2 They’re are radical gangs all across the board. What’re they responsible for? They’re poisoning the people of America, with extreme drugs, such as Cocaine and Heroin. These gangs have so much power because the carry what they want. The distribution of drugs is incredible, police men confiscate hundreds and thousands of drugs...
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...States of America was founded on; the Declaration of Independence, the Pledge of Allegiance, and the United States Constitution are three well known documents that ensure the rights of the people of the United States. The Pledge of Allegiance states that we are “One Nation” and the Declaration of Independence states that “all men are created equal.” The term “Hate Crime” defined by Public Law #103-322A, a 1994 federal law, defines a hate crime as: “a crime in which the defendant intentionally selects a victim, or in the case of a property crime, the property that is the object of the crime, because of actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, disability, or sexual orientation of any person.” Although this is the federal definition, each state has their own legal hate crime statues, which states what constitutes and is punishable as a hate crime in that state. Some states do not recognize hate crimes at all, yet, as it clearly states in the countries founding documents the people of this country are “one nation” and “all men are created equal.” The number of hate crimes being committed is growing in numbers. What is considered a “hate crime” today is no longer restricted to the issue of black and white, but the national standard for these crimes remains unclear. Some individuals feel that hate crime legislation or Hate Crime Laws are not only unconstitutional, but redundant and unnecessary. The writer of “Hate Crime Laws Are...
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...the FBI Hate Crime Statistics Report, there were a total of 8152 hate crimes reported around the country. 4368 were racial bias motivated; 1483 were religious bias motivated; sexual orientation bias accounted for 1330; ethnicity/national origin bias was the cause of 927 (11.4%); disability bias was connected with 36; and the remaining 8 incidents were the result of multiple biases. Recent years show more and more Hate crimes being the cause of violence in the nation. There are a lot of bias people in this world that is the main reason why Hate Crimes are the number one cause of violence in America because of racial, sexual discrimination, and religious crimes. One of the biggest riots we’ve had in 2015 was the effect of...
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...Control theories make a little more sense to me. Reckless' containment theory says there are predispositions that make people commit crimes. He uses the terms pushes and pulls. Pushes can come from troubled psyches, or stressful circumstances outside the individual, whereas pulls can be from family, friends, etc. His point is however that these pushes and pulls are not evenly distributed between society. He recognizes these pushes and pulls but says there is more needed to completely explain. Not all youths in socially disorganized areas that are exposed to these pushes or pulls commit crimes. Hence the factor of control. He studied inner and outer containement. Inner involves a strong conscience, conventional beliefs, commitment to goals, etc. Outer containment is an array of forces that limit exposure to criminal pushes and pulls. I like this theory a lot. I think it's hard to test, because we're talking about a lot of inner questions like morals and goals. He recognizes the "pushes and pulls which can explain a lot of crime, but not all. Then he factors in these containment factors which push the theory further. I think it's very valid and important to study these types of factors, but at the same time I think it's hard to study it. All in all, I like this theory and I think it makes a lot of sense. Hirschi's a bit different with the social bond theory. He didn't attempt to explain why individuals engage in criminal acts, but rather why individuals choose to conform to conventional...
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...Crime Comparison Paper Christopher Shavers CJA 314 October 3, 2012 Michael Rutledge, Facilitator Crime Comparison Paper Introduction Hate crimes within the United States have become increasingly rampant. The federal government has established hate crime laws in each state except Wyoming. Each state has different definitions of what constitutes hate crimes. The most commonly known hate crimes consist of race, ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. Most of these crimes are committed by assailants who physically assault their victims. Many victims are also subject to have their property vandalized. (Nij, 2010). This paper will compare hate crime data from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report on hate crimes that have been committed in Florida and Georgia during 2010. According to the FBI Uniform crime report, Gainesville Florida had the largest number of reported incidents out of the all the state enforcement agencies during the year 2010. There were a total of 136 incidents reported in the state of Florida. In Georgia seven law enforcement agencies submitted incidents totaling seventeen crimes. Gainesville Florida had a total of eleven incidents of hate crimes. The crimes were motivated by race, religion, and sexual orientation. Three of the incidents were motivated by race, four was motivated by religion, and two each was motivated by sexual orientation and ethnicity. The most occurrences of hate crimes occurred during the second quarter of the fiscal...
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...white racial group has always been viewed as one of political power, financial weath, high social standing. This is very true for so many white families in the United States. Many white families come from Old Money and have made careers in politics.We have a social class where the wealthy and the most social is at the top of the pyramid. Compared to other races, such as Black and Hispanic, our average yearly income is much higher. White/Caucasians are usually at the top of the economic scale. According to the Income Inequilaity Map, " White Median Income” it is indicating $25,000 to $30,000. The Hispanic income shows less than $15,000. African American population is displaying $20,000 to $25,000." Though this does not reflect all cities in America it has been proven that Whites do earn higher wages than minorities. It is also more likely a White candidate will be voted for over a minority candidate. There is not a clear reason why but it most likely has something to do with the fact that most of the voters are White as well. Socially Whites are higher in class and often portrayed as always living in nice homes and neighborhoods. Overall, though it is not true, Whites are still viewed as superior by both Whites and minorities. Part II...
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...Charlottesville, Virginia was put in a state of emergency on Saturday as chaos tore through the streets with hundreds of people viciously attacking each other. There are still discussions on what cause the outbreak of violence in that town and what groups were involved but one word that keeps describing this tragic event is “terrorism.” The two main sides of the fighting were between right-wing protestors who were banned together by the ideology of white supremacy who gathered together to promote “Unite the Right” and was expected to be the largest gathering of white nationalist. Groups like neo-Nazis, Ku Klux Klan and movement leaders like Richard Spencer and David Duke were present during this rally. On the other side of the spectrum were the counter protestors who sided more left and identified as “anti-fascist.” Although it is unclear what cause the two sides to attack each other, a rally was scheduled to take...
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...Hate Crimes- Are they that common? Dr. Joseph Carrier – Multicultural Diversity In Columbia Missouri, we pride ourselves on making national news for our sports programs, academics and becoming one of the top places to live in the country. We live by a code of inclusion and acceptance and have become a liberal Mecca. However, recent events in the growing city have shown another, less attractive side to the home of the University of Missouri. With making national headlines and social media uproars, Mizzou has become a symbol for the fight against hate crimes. However, these crimes aren’t just happening in small towns and conservative states; hate crimes are everywhere. With the introduction to the internet and social media taking off like wildfire, the past twenty years that should have created progress, have created convenience. It’s now easier than ever to target and seek out individuals and to receive recognition for these crimes. Many people have heard the term, but few know its actual definition. A hate crime is defined as a criminal offense committed against persons, property, or society which is motivated, in whole or in part, by offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin according to the Missouri State Highway Patrol website. In 2007, a hate crime occurred once very hour of everyday, totaling an estimated 7,600 crimes. That is a staggering number when you think about all of those crimes being motivated by prejudice...
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...more aware of the effects language has on relationships. It has become important for the wider population to take care of what they say and in what situation they say it. This has been incorporated in the term now called Political Correctness or PC. In the last decade, this term has increasingly gotten popular in almost every institution of society. In this paper, the prevalence of political correctness in politics is analyzed. As politics plays a part in connecting all other function of society, it is important to take a view of how the lack of political correctness has changed the society in difference forms by causing an upsurge in hate crime and white supremacy. In this paper, the presidency of Obama and Trump is contrasted as two differing sides of PC and the harmful effects of Trump’s anti-PC campaign are showcased. Political Correctness in Politics The term Political correctness has been weaving in and out of political talks since quite a while but...
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...Hate Crimes COM/172 August 5, 2014 Hate Crimes The term “hate crime” may seem new, given the attention it has received in the past several years, these types of offenses have been around for many years. Ever since and before the 1964 Civil Rights Act, people have been victims of crimes and perpetrators have committed those crimes against others based mainly or solely on the victim being “different” in one respect or another from the perpetrator. With many reasons why people commit crimes against other people, the burden of proof to prove a hate crime has become easier with the wording of newer laws directed at “hate crimes.” What is the main reason hate crimes are committed? Simply because of a different race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, or other minority group status as the motivation for perpetrating those crimes against people. The world is full of hate. What makes someone hate someone else enough to kill or harm another human being? Hate crimes are criminal actions intended to harm or intimidate people because of their race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, or other minority group status. They can also be referred to as bias crimes. Hate crimes have been going on in the world for a long time. Jesus was crucified by the Romans because of religious reasons they did not agree with. Was the crucifixion of Jesus the root of hate crimes going on in our society? There is no way to say what really was the actual root of hate crimes, but there are a...
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