...really been any difference between wartime propaganda and peacetime advertising or politics? 2500 words. Introduction Propaganda is an art requiring special talent. It is not mechanical, scientific work. Influencing attitudes requires experience, area knowledge, and instinctive “judgment of what is the best argument for the audience”. No manual can guide the propagandist. He must have a good mind, genius, sensitivity and knowledge of how that audience thinks and reacts From this we can consider that propaganda is not something based solely on warfare or politics or advertising. The use of propaganda is virulent in peaceful societies not at war by virtue of bombarding the general public with advertising (Newspaper/Magazines/Radio/TV/Internet) for goods and services, political canvassing and promotional material (to channel social development and public opinion, to mold the population into following the the ideals of conflicting political ideologies). Does this contrast with the use of propaganda in wartime? The objective is obviously the same – to get the general populace to accept what the propaganda states and take appropriate action i.e. buy goods, vote for a party or support the war effort. Advertising and political propaganda continue to take place during the periods of War propaganda although the reverse is not generally true (or is reduced to recruitment advertising and maintaining armed deterrents). The method of delivery of the propaganda, in whichever...
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...The influence of new media PR campaign in changing and reshaping public’s attitudes about a brand (BP). Introduction BP (British Petroleum) is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England, United Kingdom incorporated on April 14, 1909, is an integrated oil and gas company. The company provides its customers with fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, lubricants and the petrochemicals products used to make everyday items as diverse as paints, cloths and packaging. BP operates in two business segments: Exploration and Production, Refining and Marketing. It’s Exploration and Production segment is responsible for its activities in oil and natural gas exploration, field development and production; midstream transportation, storage and processing, and the marketing and trading of natural gas, including liquefied natural gas, together with power and natural gas liquids. Its Refining and Marketing segment is responsible for the refining, manufacturing, marketing, transportation, and supply and trading of crude oil, petroleum, petrochemicals products and related services to wholesale and retail customers. (Reuters, 2012). However, on April 20th, 2010 a deepwater oil rig exploded, causing a massive oil leak nearly a mile underwater off the coast of Louisiana. This leak produced and oil slick of more than 200 million gallons, affecting more than 4,000 miles of shoreline in eastern Mexico and five U.S Gulf Coast states: Texas, Louisiana...
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...nation. This compelled the colonies to unite against a common enemy, Great Britain. Therefore, between 1750 and 1776, general perceptions of American sovereignty began to change, and a unique American identity emerged among a newly united nation. This new identity compelled many Americans at the time, and still pervades the very fabric of modern American society....
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...Spencer Davison European Politics The Demand and Supply Side Causes of the Austrian Radical Right The 2008 Austrian Parliamentary elections followed an increasingly familiar pattern. Two far right political parties received a combined 29.1% of the votes which translated to 52 seats of the 183 seat legislature, only 30,000 votes away from the leading party. For the past twenty years the Freedom Party of Austria (FPO) has become one of Austria’s most influential, and controversial, political parties. Its strong anti-immigration stance, xenophobic rhetoric, and suspected anti-Semitism have garnered international attention since its creation. Even though this right-wing populism phenomenon of Austria has become one of many cases in Europe, the sheer scale of FPO involvement in the country makes it a unique study. Ruud Koopmans explored the emergence of the extreme right in an attempt to define the causes of it. He compared two contrasting theories in his analysis. Grievance, demand side, theories suggest that growing rightist populism is a direct result of an increasing discontent and xenophobia within a country due to immigration and the consequences of it. Opportunity, supply side, theories focus on the institutional attributes of a particular polity, and how these arrangements make it possible for the right-wing movement to not only start, but flourish as well. He concluded that opportunity theories best explain the rightist movement. However, others believe...
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...political issues in ways that promote ideologically consistent attitudes and beliefs… The term ‘‘climate change,’’ in contrast, may recruit more general associations of temperature changes, which can easily accommodate unseasonably cold temperatures and record snowfalls. In addition, Whitmarsh (2009) observed that ‘‘global warming’’ evokes stronger connotations of human causation, whereas ‘‘climate change’’ evokes stronger connotations of natural causation.” (Schuldt, Konrath, and Schwarz 2011) From these authors observation’s the use of the terms differ by political orientation. The general consensus of climate scientists within the political arena is that man is causing this climate phenomena to take place more rapidly than it should. What is causing the global phenomena which deserves so much attention? “Science tells us that an increase in global average temperature of 2°C (3.6° F) constitutes the planetary...
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...383). Memory also provides a mode of transmission for shared cultural values and traits specific to the ethnic or national group to be propagated down to future generations, be it through rituals or education (Dessi, 2008, p. 534). In doing so, tools for cohesion via self-ascription of members and propagating discourses of difference for continued boundary maintenance of the group are provided (Barth,...
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...main focuses. According BBC health, “Obesity is caused by two simple factors - an unhealthy diet (typically too rich in sugar and fats and not enough fibre and carbohydrate) and not doing enough exercise to burn off the calories consumed.” In 2009, 16% of boys aged 2 to 15, and 15% of girls were classed as obese between the ages of 2-15 The Health and Social Care Information Centre. This large percentage of obesity amongst children needs to be addressed before it become out of hand acceptable in society. David Cameron announced earlier this year that obesity costs the NHS £4 billion a year and that is looking to grow. This issue does need to be tackled to stop the growth of obesity not only to save money but lives too. This essay will be outline Tesco’s ‘great school run’ and the NHS ‘get fit with the Olympics’ campaigns to encourage people to become more active and analyse how they communicate with their publics differently in striving for the same result. It will also look at the similarities and differences applying different theories to each of the campaigns to come to the conclusions of their overall effectiveness. With participation in sport dropping between 2009 and 2010 (Mintel) and obesity levels growing, changes need to be made in people habits in participating in sport and eating healthy. Tesco’s campaign ‘great school run’ is in its 8th year where it encourages children, family, friends and teachers to take part in a 2k fun run. Its aim is to make families more...
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...Why did the Grand Alliance fall apart so soon after the victory in Europe and Japan? [Listen to Owen talk about choosing his topic] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The three great allies of the Second World War, the United Kingdom, the United States and Russia together destroyed the Axis powers and shattered their imperial ambitions. Their "shotgun marriage" 1 was always unlikely, given the history of antagonism between them. The union was to be short lived, with the ideological and political differences leading to the collapse of the Grand Alliance within five years of the end of the war. Despite wartime hopes that the great allies may be able to continue in their relationship in peace and provide stability to the world community, the diplomatic and military relationship between the two dominant powers, the United States and Russia, quickly degenerated into the so-called 'Cold War' which was to dominate world politics for the next half a century. [Listen to Owen talk about presenting an argument] [Listen to Owen talk about writing intros] During the war the allied leaders were aware that victory in Europe and the Pacific meant much more than just the abolition of an intolerable political regime. Talking in 1944, Stalin said: "This war is not as in the past; whoever occupies a territory also imposes on it his own social system. Everyone imposes his own system as far as his army has power to do so. It cannot be otherwise...
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...What is fascism? Fascism is a hard ideology to define because nearly every modern government or political movement has been called ‘fascist’ by somebody. (The writer has directly addressed the essay question in the topic sentence of the first paragraph, noting how it can be identified as being ambiguous, and how it is difficult to define.) I contend that fascism was a political movement unique to the early 20th century, especially in Europe, because its worldview was shaped by events and philosophical ideas from the late 19th century until the interwar period. (Evidence that the writer has considered the words meaning in terms of context and knowledge of what periods of time are referred as) Some people have called states like Saddam Hussein’s Iraq ‘fascist’, but I believe that there is a big difference between authoritarian dictatorship and genuine fascism. (Additional evidence of acquired knowledge, saying that it is the writer’s belief that there is a difference between the two terms ‘authoritarian dictatorship’ and ‘genuine fascism’.) So how did fascism originally develop? (There is a conversational tone, to the topic sentence of each paragraph, asking relevant key questions that the writer has considered. Note, how this afforded question is compatible with the main essay question. The conversational tone, is effective in portraying the fact that the writer has attempted to acquire and integrate knowledge. The first sentence of the second paragraph, has...
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...may not have planned to have a child, but God did. He was not at all surprised by the conception of a new child. In fact, God expected it; He planned this for the “parents to be” a long time before the baby was even conceived by its parents. God thought about that child and loved them before his or her first heat beat. It was not fate, nor chance, nor luck, nor coincidence that you are breathing at this very moment. Everyone is alive because God wanted to create them! The Bible says, “The Lord will fulfill His purpose for me.” Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before birth, resulting in, or accompanied by, the death of the fetus. It has become one of the most widely debated ethical issues of our time. Considering what is ethical and what is legal in terms of abortion becomes very complex. The ethical concerns that revolve around the abortion issue are those that encompass a great many ideals – both religious and personal – that have to do with an individual’s concept of right and wrong. To some, the ethical implications mean allowing the woman her right to choose; to others, it is no different than murder. Do you consider something with a beating heart a living creature? Likely, before a woman even has knowledge of being pregnant, at five weeks, a baby’s heart is already formed and beating. Therefore that would make abortion a form of murder. Murder is classified as taking another human life. The baby that is growing inside of a woman is dependent on her...
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...fundamental change in its manifestation, but in the West’s difficulty in conceptualizing the motivations behind its many faces. ‘Terrorism’ does not define the motives behind an act of terror. It characterizes them, and this is what has led to its increasing use as a political term, particularly since 9/11. The reasons go beyond mere semantics however and, in the context of the Global War on Terror, have fueled not just the conflict but the surge in recruitment and sympathy that has taken place for terrorist causes across the world. It needs to be recognized that the use of terrorism as a political term has actually had more of a negative impact on the world than any terrorist attack to date. Introduction: Since the coinage of the term ‘terrorism’, its characteristics have always been synonymous with organized violence and a political end-goal. Until recently, however, its employment had been more of a vernacular convenience than a political expression. Over the last decade though, the social impact of terrorism has been out of all proportion to anything hitherto seen and this has led to its increasing application in advancing not just political objectives but political strategies. Indeed, since the 2001 attacks on New York, it has evolved from what was essentially a relatively subjective epithet (with no intrinsic meaning), to a highly charged, political...
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...Moore−Parker: Critical Thinking, Ninth Edition 5. Persuasion Through Rhetoric: Common Devices and Techniques Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2009 Chapter Persuasion Through Rhetoric 5 It’s just the way things are: Images and impressions tend to sell more products than good arguments do. At least some of the images are fun. Common Devices and Techniques W hen the military uses the phrase “self-injurious behavior incidents” regarding detainees at Guantánamo Bay, it means what most of us call “attempted suicides.” In fact, when the word “detainees” is used, it means what most of us call “prisoners.” “Waterboarding” sounds at first like something you’d expect to see young people doing on a California beach, not a torture technique that involves forced simulated drowning. Less remarkable, perhaps, but possibly more relevant for most of us, we’ve heard the term “downsized” used when someone is fired or laid off. “Ethnic cleansing” covers everything from deportation to genocide. What we have to say may be important, but the words we choose to say it with can be equally important. The examples just given are cases of a certain type of linguistic coercion—an attempt to get us to adopt a particular attitude toward a subject that, if described differently, would seem less attractive to us. Words have tremendous persuasive power, or what we have called their rhetorical force or emotive meaning—their power to express and elicit images, feelings, and emotional...
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...1 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF DANANG 2 This thesis has been completed at the College of Foreign Languages – The University of Danang NGUY N UY DŨNG Supervisor: Ngũ Thi n Hùng, Ph.D AN INVESTIGATION INTO STYLISTIC DEVICES IN POLITICAL SPEECHES BY US PRESIDENTS Examiner 1: ……………………………………………………… Examiner 2: ……………………………………………………… Field Study Code : THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE : 60.22.15 This thesis will be presented to the Examining Committee at the University of Danang on October 30th 2010 M.A. THESIS (SUMMARY) This thesis is available found at the library of DANANG - 2010 - College of Foreign Languages, University of Danang. - Information Resources Center, University of Danang. 3 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. RATIONALE The effectiveness of a speech depends on many factors, including the mood of the crowd, the ability of the orator, the situation the crowd confronts, the topic of the speech and the using of words- the using of stylistic devices. The goal of any political speech is persuasion - you want to bring the crowd around to your point of view, whether that means convincing them to vote for you. So the frequent and wide use of stylistic devices is an important characteristic of political speeches which is an effective way to make these speeches more attractive, lively and more persuasive. A stylistic device is an example of the figurative use of words, which produces a particularly rhetorical effect when people use the language creatively...
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...Author: Mashell Chapeyama Institution: University of the People Course: History Bachelor’s Degree Selected essays on Roman Civilization Plebeian revolt There are a number of causes that led to the first revolt by the Plebeians. Some of the causes of the revolt are poor distribution of land, poverty among the Plebeians, and the harsh debt law that affected the plebs. This essay will discuss the causes of the first Plebeian revolt as well as the results of the revolt. One of the main causes of the plebeian revolt was the existence of poverty among the Plebeians. The poverty was a result of the actions of the Patrician, in some ways. What happened was that the Plebs assisted the Patrician to expel the kings from Rome and led to a republican state. The fight against the kings left the plebs in a very worse off condition. Since the patricians lived in the city, during the war their property would remain secure. The city was guarded by walls. However, since the plebs lived in the countryside, which was not guarded, their property was greatly destroyed during the wars. The plebs’ fields were destroyed as much as their property. The destruction of the property and fields was possible since the Plebs men were fighting in the wars leaving their homes unprotected. So, whereas the men were fighting during the wars their properties and fields were being plundered, making them very poor at the end of the wars. So the Plebs were not happy that their properties and fields were being...
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...Course Study Notes: hsctutoringnotes@outlook.com MODERN HISTORY Topics World War One Germany Albert Speer The Cold War 1 Course Study Notes: hsctutoringnotes@outlook.com World War One Themes War on the Western Front Home Fronts in Britain and Germany Turning Points of the War The Allied Victory 2 Course Study Notes: hsctutoringnotes@outlook.com War on the Western Front Reasons for the development of the Stalemate A stalemate is an end of a war movement. It refers to the deadlock resulting from high levels of defence. The stalemate developed from four major reasons: i. The Faults of the Schlieffen Plan ii. The Faults of Plan XVII iii. Problems with Communications and Tactics iv. Problems with the High Command • The Faults in • There was an incredible reliance on speed – quick defeat of the France and a slow response by Russia Schlieffen • Unexpectedly strong resistance by Belgian forces – sabotaged Plan railway lines • Strong resistance from French • Troops were diverted from the West to the Eastern front • The “hammer swing” was shortened, so they approached Paris from the East which was expected • The Treaty of London was disregarded as a scrap of paper • Germans weren’t adequately trained for modern warfare strategies • The Faults in • French underestimated number of soldiers available to Plan XVII Germany • French were preoccupied with revenge for Alsace-Lorraine • Insufficient forces were given to the French...
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