...Madigan 207749 THE ROLES OF CULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY ON THE FUTURE OF ENTERTAINMENT ——————————————————— Patience Madigan TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………….. 4 THE ROLES OF CULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE FUTURE OF ENTERTAINMENT 1.1 OVERVIEW ……………………………………………………………… 4 1.2 OBJECTIVE ……………………………………………………………… 4 2. DISCUSSION …………………………………………………………………… 5 2.1 TECHNOLOGICAL FORCES ON ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY … 5 2.1.1 1950’s ……………………………………………………………… 5 2.1.2 1960’s ……………………………………………………………… 5 2.1.3 1970’s ……………………………………………………………… 5 2.1.4 1980’s ……………………………………………………………… 5 2.1.5 1990’s ……………………………………………………………… 5 2.1.6 2000’s ……………………………………………………………… 5 2.2 CULTURAL FORCES ON ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY …………. 5 2.2.1 1950’s Mass Culture ……………………………………………….. 6 2.2.2 1960’s Counter Culture …………………………………………….. 6 2.2.3 1970’s Punk Culture ………………………………………………... 6 2.2.4 1980’s Heavy Metal and Rap Culture ……………………………… 6 2.2.5 1990’s Grunge and Rave Culture ………………………………...… 6...
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...The rise of mass media during the 1940’s - 1960’s contributed greatly to the growing presence of popular imagery in society. Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol are two artist who questioned the value of art during this era. They did so primarily by taking an experimental approach to their works, such as using the silkscreen, as well as demonstrated a unique view on artistic authorship. Both Rauschenberg and Warhol shifted from a conceptual outlook and pushed the boundaries on what was considered to be socially acceptable art. Robert Rauschenberg pushed the traditionally established parameters of art due to the experimental approach that he took. This in turn created opportunities as well as influenced the young artists who will come to...
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...Running Head: Analysis of 1960s gendered media norms from the perspective of the 1960s and 2000s Analysis of 1960s gendered media norms from the perspective of the 1960s and 2000s Univers Communications 30 Gendered film norms from the 1960s and 2000s: An Introduction From its most primitive years, popular films have discussed the part of gendered norms both on screen and as viewers. Actually, emphasizing its significance to different account and standard patterns, violence against women has been conceptualized as immanent in typical Hollywood and all over more recent popular cinema. Various feminist film theorists have judged conventional filmmaking as comprised of creation and display practices imbricate in a certain set of social and political power relationships. In the procedure, these writers have proposed complicated expression of the relationships between filmic representations and cinema's place in society. The mainstream feminist film theory that grew in the 1970s depended on the idea of cinematic equipment by the help of which film technologies interrelated with the ideological determinants of the cinematic associations. In her work, most remarkably the essay, "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema," (1975) Laura Mulvey stressed the problem of the female aspects in classical Hollywood and, particularly, in films of Josef von Sternberg and Alfred Hitchcock. Female spectators are presented with a choice to make out with either a male character or secondary...
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...glory days are the highest points in American life such as Independence from England helped make America what it is today. Those events that we look back on, that are not the best periods of time, such as slavery and African Americans fighting for Rights in the 1960's, also helped to make the United States what it is today. When in the 1960's, leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, stood forward to talk about the rights that were taken away from African Americans, they were looked down on. Today however, they are heroes to us. The steps and actions made by them to free the African American people from segregation, and for them to have a chance at having equal rights and liberties as stated by the constitution. After the end of slavery and the writing of the Emancipation Proclamation the first steps were made towards civil rights. The 1940's to the 1960's were a section in time where racial injustice was done to the African American people. As we came to the 1960's a change came to the United States in the goals, strategies, and the support towards the movement for African Americans civil rights. The start of the 1960's brought on changes in the goals that were set by African Americans towards their civil rights. It started with the search for Desegregation of public facilities. The desegregation of schools, buses, and bathrooms, are just a few examples of what the African Americans hoped to change. A change in segregation came with the Brown vs. Board of Education...
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...supergroup were at the forefront, the voice of the generation, with no visible ties to political ideologies. The 1960’s were a turbulent time in society; between the Cold War, Vietnam War, and overall political unease, the band used their music as a microphone. Beatlemania grew from screaming teens at the front row to a new way to channel their opposition of the status quo. John Lennon in particular became very vocal and, “decided to use his media fame on an even bigger scale: to become an advocate for peace" (Syverson, 2014). Like most in the United Kingdom, The Beatles were affected by political decisions, such as high taxes. As celebrities, not only did they utilize their position in society to voice their opinions, they also spoke on behalf of their fan base. The fans followed the example of their idols to voice their own opinions and question political and societal authority. While One Direction do not possess the same political drive that The Beatles had, they too have used their status to raise their voices. For example, they teamed up with Global Citizen to promote social activism as a means to end extreme poverty. Given the political climate when The Beatles gained popularity, their public sphere, a concept from the 18th century was incredibly different than our modern sphere. In contrast to the limiting nature of technology in the 1960’s, modern media is oversaturated with platforms for discussion. The chief difference in the ‘public sphere’ in regards to The Beatles...
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...Paper: Woman’s Movement of the 1960’s In the 1960’s and early 1970’s, cultural changes were altering the role of woman in American society. More and more woman were joining the workforce, leaving their traditional roles of stay at home wife and mother. Women coming into the workforce also led to the dissatisfaction amongst them when it came to equality in the workplace, pay differences, and even sexual harassment. One of the biggest changes came woman of age were using birth control after it was approved by the federal government in the late sixties. This freed countless women from unwanted pregnancies and gave them more freedom in their personal lives. Gradually, women were able to get some of their basic goals in the time: equal pay, limits on women in positions of power, end of domestic violence, and equal responsibility when it came to housework and raising children. To best understand this, we need to put ourselves in the shoes of a women during the 1960’s. Her life, was difficult and unsatisfactory. She was denied basic rights, even those to her own body. She was born to be trapped in a home and discriminated against in her own workplace. But, a beacon of hope came during the 1960’s. With that hope, came new ideas, laws, and protests. The idea that a woman was not “the second sex” but equal to her fellow human beings. They wanted to be treated the same, earn the same wages, not feel guilty for not wanting a husband and children and what was expected of them. To make...
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...Disney’s iconic movies play an integral role in shaping countless childhoods, and their princess movies, spanning from 1934’s Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs to Moana in 2016, are widely popular, particularly among young American girls. Consequently, the sexist messages of Disney princess movies both pre and post the 1960s Women's Liberation Movement are extremely present in today’s society. Before the Women's Liberation Movement, films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Cinderella, and Sleeping Beauty portrayed messages that reflected women’s confined role in society during the mid-1900s. These princesses, while playing significant speaking roles, were not only dependent on men but the epitome of their life was marriage but the focus...
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...This essay will explore the construction of disorder in society and the role of the media in shaping public opinions about social disorder. It will examine the theories of Stanley Cohen and Hall et al. and will identify the different approaches and key research issues concerning disorderly behaviour. The essay will show how the media constructs and defines antisocial behaviour through the portrayal of folk devils which creates moral panic. The concept of folk devils and moral panic was explored by Stanley Cohen (1973) in his case study of mods and rockers of the 1960’s. The Mods and Rockers were two opposing British youth gangs that engaged in fighting and vandalism at seaside towns in the 1960’s.Cohen’s research focused on how this the media’s portrayal of events provoked a mood of public fear and outrage throughout society, labelling the two groups as folk devils. Folk devils have been depicted as mindless, evil and deviant beings with their behaviour completely different to that of normal people. These deviants have been blamed for all the wrongs in society and have been punished brutally. This characterisation has been central to Cohen’s theory with the role of the media inciting moral panics with the dramatization and construction of Folk devils. (Kelly and Toynbee, 2009, p370) Stanley Cohen, Suggests the UK media’s representation of the antisocial behaviour of the British youths played a major role in fostering irrational fears in the population thus creating a moral manic;...
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...The 1960s was a decade filled with change. It started out with optimism among America’s youth that was unprecedented in history. Before too long headlines of civil rights, university reform, pacifist movement against the Vietnam War, women’s rights, and sexual liberation were made and the “Camelot” vision was quickly shattered. America’s youth began to revolt against the establishment and the foregone conclusion that they would adopt the lifestyle of their parents. In ten short years societal norms were turned completely around. Never before had change happened so quickly or been driven by the same group. This rapid change is breathtaking, considering most young people are generally naïve and disinterested in events outside their immediate scope. I have therefore decided to investigate what role the media played in the youth revolutions of the 1960s. This paper will identify media’s influence in driving change and analyze relationships between media, specific historical events, and the reaction of America’s youth. This will be achieved by looking at both primary and secondary sources to determine how much influence the media played in manipulating America’s youth via songs, marketing, and select writings. The media industry’s reaction to the social and technological upheavals of the twentieth century was to encapsulate the mantra “youth as fun” and sell it to America’s teens. . It was the social exposure that the media promoted that resulted in the heightening...
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...1450 marked the beginning of what was to become a revolution of knowledge, information, and power around the world. The Church used the press for exactly these reasons, printing thousands of Indulgences to sinners, in an effort no doubt to increase profits, and attendance. Now, nearly 600 years later-the mass media has honed the power of this technology, and become more pervasive than anything humanity has ever encountered. Looking at antiwar movements over the last 60 years, the media has been used to influence the mentality of millions in two very dichotomous ways. Meaning, the media has helped shape public opinion to be either for or against these movements depending on the pressures and demands of the times. Traditionally, print media industry has treated antiwar protestors as if they were disobedient children. In movies such as Across the Universe, protestors are portrayed as young hippies who do not fully understand the rationale and benefits behind war. Often the media presents us with one-sided information that is meant to persuade us to accept a message that we are not familiar. In the case of antiwar protests back in the Vietnam Era, the media while covering the issue equally with government/military administration, often only covered the more colorful aspects of the antiwar movement. While articles have been published about the tendency of the media during this time to be in favor of the antiwar sentiment, many scholars believe that print media in particular impacted the...
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...female species. In combination with lack of proper family time and negative detrimental media output, it has altered the way our youths act in society. Furthermore, turning our whole way of life as it used to be into something where we ask ourselves “do I want to bring a child into it?” Manners and Chivalry: Dead in Society? A glance through history tells of days of women and gentleman and the well-known romantic courtships of history. Evolution of modesty in relationships of past, to the present open sexually explicit relationships displayed on television, have desensitized the worlds youth perspective on moral behavior. Has the gift of technology, and a hectic life’s work schedule, taken the parent away from the home so much, that kids are teaching other kids habits that parents don’t condone? The time has come for society to pull back on the reins on socially and morally unacceptable behaviors. Chivalry, defined by Merriam Webster’s dictionary, states “An honorable and polite way of behaving, especially toward women” (Webster). This is a word that is not heard of frequently in today’s social media. Has the progression of women’s equalities inhibited the growth of manners and chivalry in today’s world? As well as, has this forgotten tradition of proper etiquette and manners in public, deprived our youth of a “do to others what you would have them do to you” (Matthew 7:12) lifestyle? Our roles as productive, responsible...
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...for the movement of jazz music from the traditional to a more progressive new form. He believes what makes history is what music reflects on. Music has made an impact on all levels in history. The early days of jazz provided many styles, which highlighted the talent and innovation of African American music including Ragtime and Dixieland. Ragtime also contributed to the movement of African Americans to march against racism. Dixieland was a form that made a mockery of how Caucasian people danced. Soul is the movement of power to African Americans, all of which reflected what was going on in history during that time. For traditional jazz to be played in the present time would have no meaning to the people playing it. For instance, a young jazz musician playing Charles Mingus' song "Fables of Faubus" (which was about the wrong doings of governor Faubus) would have no meaning to the musician because he/she never lived that era. As for new, recent music, the artist plays what he/she feels in respect to the present. For instance, Herbie Hancock's new album came out about a month ago called "Possibilities". This album was called his "all-star project" (Downbeat; Pg 38) because it featured new artists like John Mayer, Christina Aguilera, and Paul Simon. The album depicts a movement of music in how a new form of jazz, soul, and pop our recent era has developed. The decade of the 1960’s, also known as "The Sixties", are known for it’s popular culture and revolution in social norms...
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...Agenda-setting Weaver D H, Graber D, McCombs M, Eyal C 1981 Media Agenda Setting in a Presidential Election: Issues, Images and Interest. Praeger, New York M. McCombs Agendas: Political The political agenda is the set of issues that are the subject of decision making and debate within a given political system at any one time. Significant research specifically on the topic of agenda setting, as opposed to decision making, dates mostly from the 1960s. Early studies of agenda setting were quite controversial because they were often presented as critiques of the pluralist studies of the 1950s and 1960s. Truman (1951) mostly ignored the issue of who set the agenda of political debate. Dahl (1956) discusses the matter in mentioning that ensuring that no group have control over the range of alternatives discussed within the political system is a requisite for democracy. In his study of New Haven he explicitly raises the question of agenda setting, noting that with a permeable political system virtually all significant issues would likely come to the attention of the elites. ‘Because of the ease with which the political stratum can be penetrated, whenever dissatisfaction builds up in some segment of the electorate party politicians will probably learn of the discontent and calculate whether it might be converted into a political issue with an electoral pay-off’ (Dahl 1961, p. 93). In Dahl’s view, then, any issue with a significant potential following in the public would likely find...
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...The rise of the ‘new’ ‘dangerous’ and ‘violent’ female offender • The for and against argument • Assess all evidence • Decide which opinions, theories, models are preferable INTRODUCTOIN Research conducted for the national commission on the causes and prevention of violence, ward et al asked ‘are women more aggressive in committing violent crimes today than in the past? Women were viewed as gatekeepers of social morality and the common fear is that women are changing. Ward and his colleagues relied on to document the nature of women ‘violent offences. They have examined whether and how the characteristics and crimes of incarcerated female offenders have changed. This essay also seek to explain the patterns of stability and change over the last third of the 20th century in women’s crimes of violence and the moral panics that explain violent criminality by women. Although boys engage in more delinquent and criminal acts than do girls, female delinquency is on the rise. In 1980, boys were four times as likely as girls to be arrested; today they are only twice as likely to be arrested. In this article, Elizabeth Cauffman explores how the juvenile justice system is and should be responding to the adolescent female offender Reasons why there is less research on female criminality? Smart (1976) stated that throughout history female violence or crime have has been neglected` in criminology theories. The studies show that females were documented to commit less crime, which...
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...Anna Munoz Dr. Jones DISC 1313 December 4, 2015 Music and The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s All forms of Black music, from jazz to rock and roll, played an important part in the Civil Rights Movement. The songs were sung for multiple purposes and played a critical role in inspiring, activating, and giving voice to the people involved. The evolution of music during the early 1950’s and 1960’s in the Black freedom struggle reflects the evolution of the Civil Rights Movement itself. The progressive thought of the 1950s nurtured new ideas and cultures including the Civil Rights Movement and the fast spread of rock and roll. One such cultural revival occurred after the end of World War II during a time of change, prosperity and restoration. The “Puritan dicta” outlined by Baldwin represents the American ideology before the Second World War. As the first settlers of this nation, the Puritans set the mold for many common American ideologies. In the Puritan view white represented good and black represented evil, including Africans and their culture. After the war, Baldwin states that the former puritanical views of whites will be challenged. Musicians such as Elvis Presley were the first to issue this challenge to white society. Early rockers like Elvis would pave the way for social commentary in music that would add much fire to the Civil Rights Movement. To fully understand the explosion of popularity of Black music in the years following World War II, one must understand...
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