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What to Read

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Submitted By arqq
Words 956
Pages 4
David McClurg
Ryan Campbell
November 2
Anthropology 104
The Crania Project The skulls describe in this project numbered 6.
This skull according to the display case located in Fanner Hall contained the following pieces of information.
From these and the other pieces of information that took the form of laminated card over the skulls, I was able to determined by looking at the skulls and cross-referring what I have learned have allowed me to conclude what the genus and species is. The first of these skulls I could identify is cranium F. The skull was of dull brown color form the jaw was a white tooth. The card above the skull indicated it was “discovered in modern day France.” Also continued “Upper Paleolithic stone tools upwards of 30,000 years old. The card also said that the chin had no retro molar space. I have identified this skull as Homo sapiens. I identified that the skull had a large brain case it was larger then most of the skull in the case. It also had smaller teeth then the other skulls. Where the skin may have once stretched across that face this frontal part of the skull lacked the prominent brow ridges and other protrusion and curves that the other skull had. This indicated to also the presences of a high fore head in so far that the fore head was future away for the skull then the others. These features lead me to conclude that this skull was that of Homo sapiens.

The next skull I could identify was cranium F. This skull according to the card was “found in East Africa”. “Dates from 2.2 million years ago to 1.3 million years ago.” Thick enamel”, “diet most likely included seed, tubers, roots. “Small brain size (530 cardinal capacity).” I identified this skull with Australopithecus Africans.
This skull seemed to have teeth more like the Homo sapiens skull. This skull was rounded on the top with what looked to be a projecting face away from the skull. This skull was had a small brain case and a flat nose and although missing what must have been a protruding jaw.
The next skull I could identify was cranium A. This skull according to the accompany card indicated it was “Found Near modern Day Beijing, China”. “Low, “walnut shaped” braincase.” “Associated with burnt animal bones.” “Cranial capacity 1000cc”. This skull I identified with Homo erectus.
This skull had a prominate brow ridge. Larger teeth than the Homo sapiens skull.
Kind of a long low skull, larger eyes. The use of fire is a large clue this was one of the first of the human species to make fire. The skull had ridges extending from behind the brow to the back of the skull. It would look almost pentagonal from behind. The next skull I could identify was skull B. The accompany card for this skull indicated that the skull was “discovered in Western Europe amidst glacial deposits.” Also had”mousterina stone tools”. “Football-shaped brain case with a “bun””
With a “recessed chin”. This skull had a massive brain case it almost looked bigger then the Homo sapiens skull. The skull had a proment brow ridge not as large as say cranium A but large. The nose was very wide and lacked a promote chin. This skull possed angled cheekbone. I coulued that this is the skull of Homo neanderthalensis. The next skull I could indeitfy was Cranium C. The accompany card indicated that this skull was “found in East Africa in the Rift Valley.” “Slightly curved Finger& toe bones”, “no association with tools.” “Cranial Capacity 405cc.”
This Skull I identified with Australopithecus apheresis. This skull had a small brain case but the teeth showed a diastema and this gap in the front teeth looked a lot like that of Australopithecus afarensis. The jaw projected out on the lower jaw the skull had a flat nose. The next and last skull I could identify Cranium D. This skull had a sagittal crest a large bone ridges along the top of the skull this wider then the others, which meant that it might have had a smaller brain. I identified this species as Australopithecus robustus.
All these skulls tell the story of the origins of ourselves these skulls show that over the millions of years the hominid species developed over time came down to that by walking up right and climbing trees as the earliest humans did to full upright bipedalism. But what is central is the change in brain size that over time that the brain case appears to have changed and shaped over the course of development. Also to note is the increase in brain case size that increases over time the overall cranial capacity. There is a trend toward smaller faces as the brain is expanded and the muscles in the jaw where no longer necessary changed and where not need there is a tendency toward the jaw to be smaller and the face to be flatter.

The skulls from order from oldest to youngest is;
Australopithecus afarenis 3.9-3 million years ago
Australopithecus africanus 3-2million years ago
Australopithecus robustus 2 to 1.5 million years ago in south Africa
Homo erectus-1.8 million years ago to 300thousand years ago
Homo neanderthalenis 23thousand years ago-30thousand years ago
Homo sapines 195 thousand years ago –presnet.

Phylogentic tree.

Australopithecus afarenis 3.9-3 million years ago

Australopithecus africanus 3-2million years ago

Australopithecus robustus 2 to 1.5 million years ago in south Africa

Homo erectus-1.8 million years ago to 300thousand years ago
Homo neanderthalenis 23thousand years ago-30thousand years ago

Homo sapines 195 thousand years ago –presnet.

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