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What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?

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Why is Christianity so central to Douglass’ argument? Why does he make numerous references to the Bible?

Christianity is a religion based on values of love, respect, forgiveness, and understanding, and the Bible is the book from which those values are taught. Frederick Douglass, born into slavery, was a prominent figure in the fight to abolish slavery, and a great speech giver. In his speech, “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?” Douglass centrals his argument around Christianity to bring to light the sham under which his audience resides, and makes numerous references to the Bible to support his claim.

It has been, and still is to this day, said that the United States of America was built upon a foundation of Judeo-Christian values. In what feels to be increasingly heated words, Douglass speaks on behalf of the American slave, presenting to his audience the travesty they have made of the Christian faith. He explains that “American Christianity” is “to [the American slave], mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisy – a this veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages” (Douglass 485). Through the use of harsh words, Douglass is hoping they will penetrate the souls of those listening, resulting in sorrow and guilt for allowing such a travesty to arise from a religion based on love and respect. Further into his speech, Douglass emphasizes on how the lives of his audience are a sham, and he feels he is helping them to do right by making them first feel guilt, and then understand why that is. Using references from the Bible, a book supposedly understood by those listening, Douglass puts into perspective their true identities. According to the Bible, his audiences are “scribes, Pharasees, hypocrites, who pay tithe of mint, anise, and cumin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith” (Douglass 488). By using the words of the Bible, Douglass hopes to show them that to enslave a man in the ways that they have, is not a Christian value mentioned anywhere in the Bible of which they always speak of, and that they can make life better for all by taking another look at Christian values and fighting to free slaves.

The Fourth of July to the American citizen is a day in which they rejoice with one another, and celebrate their freedom from the tyrants of England. To compare Americans to the English is an insult, especially when used by Douglass in his speech. Because America was founded on the freedom of choice and religion, something unheard of in England, Douglass believes this is a great example to connect his audience to slavery, and how the American slave feels about their American oppressors. Douglass begins his speech speaking of the American fight to freedom from England, not only as background, but so that later, his audience can fully grasp the connection he is making when announcing that the Church in England is “true to its mission of ameliorating, elevating, and improving the condition of mankind... and restored [the West Indian slave] to his liberty” (Douglass 489). Douglass compares his audience of Americans and their crimes against humanity to England’s comes against them, then showing that even England has progressed in the freedom of slaves, therefore keeping true to their religion, unlike America. Douglass further instills guilt in his audience by showing them that they have become worse than their own oppressor, England, therefore establishing an understanding to the evils of their hypocrisy and the mockery they have made of Christianity by allowing England to appear more religiously free than America.

Many Americans, especially those present at Douglass’ speech, pride themselves on their religious freedoms, values, and accomplishments. As Judeo-Christianity was considered to be the foundation upon which America was built, and even though religious freedom is in the Constitution, it is still difficult for many to grasp and idea other than their own. Knowing this, Douglass attacks “American Christianity” by expressing his disgust, and announcing that he will “welcome infidelity! welcome atheism! welcome anything! in preference to the gospel, as preached by the Divines!” (Douglass 488). Douglass is saying that Americans have created such a travesty, that anything other than Christianity is welcomed, as nothing could be more evil. By turning his back on Christianity altogether, Douglass is showing his audience that America has made such a mockery of it that he cannot find any purity left in the entire religion, due to their spoiling of it.

Christianity is central to Douglass’s argument because his audience considers themselves Christians, and in using numerous references to the Bible, he is able to show that they are hypocrites living a sham. By opening their eyes to the travesty created by them, the American people, Douglass brings the evils of their slavery closer to their hearts, hoping to then abolish the crime through the Church and the Christian conscience of the people.

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