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听写,其实本身并不是一个简单的怎么听写的过程,如果说听写的过程,其实其内容是很简单也很短小的,之所以写这么长的铺垫才到今天所说的核心怎么听写,就是因为实在是有太多的考友,在听写的过程终于到了这样那样的问题,这些问题其实之前已经有无数的考友遇到过,只是我们很少愿意去倾听他人的苦恼,同时又很少去思考自己遇到的问题,总是不可自拔,因此,无老师在这之前就做出诸多的铺垫,就是希望各位考友能够在自己遇到问题的时候可以看看之前XDJM们的经验,让自己轻装上阵。

听写本身的过程是相对简单的。很多人其实遇到的第一个问题就是:到底该听多长?很多童鞋们总是在问,自己应该是一小段,一小段听;还是应该半句,半句听,抑或是一句一句听。答案其实很简单,3-5秒即可,换句话说,也就是很多人提到的一小段,一小段听。

这时很多人就会问,如果我只听一小段,一小段的,那么马上会遇到一个问题,就是你会发现自己根本不理解所听到的内容,这是绝大多数做听写的人都会遇到的问题。当你遇到这样的问题,就说明你还不了解听写的意义,其实听写的目的十分的简单,就是要将单词与正确的发音连接起来,只有这一个目的,仅此而已。至于很多考友所说的另外一个目的——理解,那是一个水到渠成的过程,无老师会在后面的“水杯理论”里进行解释。

接下来第二个问题,要听几遍。其实听写的时候最好用之前提到过的Sitman或者Aboboo,因为这样大的专门听写的软件有一个最重要的功能,就是“重复听”,换句话说,在听写的时候,如果一小段你听懂了,那么就写出来,但是如果没有听懂,那么就要让自己重复2遍,3遍,4遍,5遍。当然,如果已经达到5遍的话,你应该停下了,原因很简单,就是因为你接下来无论听多少遍,有可能都是听不出来的。

第3个问题,如果听不出来呢?这里可以分为2步,第一步建议你用金山词霸……..其实这个软件还不是那么土,这个软件有一个很强大的功能,就是模糊查询,各位考友可以用这个模糊查询功能去试一下,看看有什么提示词,在大多数情况下,你都是可以从模糊搜索的选项里,找到你想要的那个词。不过如果还没有的话,就只能等到这篇文章都听写完了,再去看一下原文,就是这样。

听写结束之后呢?当然,并不是将这份材料束之高阁,接下来应该做的,就是将你听写出来的文本,与原文进行比较,换句话说,听写这事,一定要在电脑上进行,这是托福考试本身计算考试所要求的。当然,对比这事,最好还是用软件来解决,因此,这里特别推荐之前提到的一个听写对比软件http://www.ibtsat.com/archives/3171 。方便易用哦!^_^

当我们进入托福考试的时候,我们会发现这个领域里有一个很有趣的东西,就是听写。在此之前,在我们准备高考,大学4级、6级考试的时候,从来都没有人告诉我们要去听写,但是当我们准备托福考试的时候,几乎每个考托福的人,都会告诉我们要去听写,为什么到托福考试就要听写了呢?原因很简单,就是托福考试对于听力的反应速度作了很高的要求!这是其他的考试都没有的!

不过反过来说,听写真的就是这么简单的,听出来,然后写下去么?答案是否定的,但是很遗憾,很多的考友却又是这么认为!很多考友只是很机械地认为听写就是把听出来的每一个音所对应的单词写出来就好了。但是实际上远远不是这样!

将发音所对应的单词写出来只是听写的很初期的层次!之所以这么说,是因为我们会发现,当我们听写标速VOA或者科学人60秒SSS的时候,我们会发现,难度最高的,并不是听出来里面不认识的单词,因为不认识的单词,我们都可以通过爱词霸的模糊搜索进行查询。因此,衡量一个人听力实力的水平高低,其实最终极的方法是看is/or/not这些小词的听写的正确率!如果想让这些词有一个非常好的正确率,那么只有一种办法,就是通过发音,前后文的意思,语法,逻辑等全面的进行分析,只有这样才能保证这些小词的正确率。

其实听写本身最终也是为了听懂来进行服务的!而听懂和听写正确率的提升,其实也是一个相辅相成的关系!如果单纯的靠耳朵来辨识声音,我们是无法提升这些小词的正确率的,因为你们人类在说话的时候,就是会对一些自己很熟悉的声音进行吞音,省略,不管是英语,还是中文,亦或者任何一种语言,都会有这样的特点的!这些吞音、省略等,都不是我们可以通过自己的耳朵来解决的,要想搞定这些吞音、省略等问题,则是必须通过语法、前后文的意思、以及逻辑等问题来综合解决的!也就是说,如果我们单纯的听音,然后将单词写出来,那么将不可避免的对于一些小词判断错误。

而且在英语里也是有一些发音非常类似的词,比如说or与all,再比如说affect与effect这些都是我们在听写的时候容易犯错的词,这些词虽然,我们将其单独拿出来的时候,都很少犯错,但是一旦放在句子之中的时候,我们就会发现,这些词的发音几乎都是一样的!要想解决这些词,也都是必须要用语法和,意思,前后文等综合进行矫正的!

请注意!听写的目的,不是把单词给写出来,或者写正确!听写的目的是帮助你快速准确的理解句子的意思!反过来,准确的理解意思之后,也可以帮助你提升听写的正确率!尤其是当我们听写的材料语速越来越快的时候,也只有靠语法、前后文的逻辑等综合的分析,才能够让我们有一个很好的听写的正确率!除此之外,别无他法!听写,不是为了听单词本身,切勿舍本逐末!

这样就结束了么?当然还没有!既然听写的目的,就是要将单词与正确的发音连接起来,因此,我们听写完之后,就应该将音频再打开,再将那些自己听些错误的地方重新再听至少5遍,我们这样做的目的,就是要将这个单词与正确的发音连接起来,别看这简单的一步,真的是能够帮你达到事半功倍的效果!

因此,总结下来,听写的步骤应该是:

1 打开音频,从头开始,向后听。 2 一次听一小段,建议听5秒左右的长度。如果听出来了,换句话说,也就是知道是哪些单词,就写下来。 3 如果不知道是哪些单词,就再听最多5遍,如果能听出来,就写下来,如果听不出来,就查一下金山词霸,看看模糊查询里有没有正确答案。如果还没有,那么就先听后面的内容,等到整套听写都结束了之后,再看原文。如此循环往复,听完原文。 4 听写结束之后,用软件将自己听写的文本与原文进行对比,找出不同点。 5 将那些自己与原文不一致的地方,全都重新听5遍,保证这个单词的发音记在自己的脑子里。

其实就听力的提升,很多考友不是不知道应该去做听写,几乎所有人都会听到听写这个词,只要他在准备新托福考试,但是问题就在于很多考友坚持不下来,换句话说,很多人其实是自己败给了自己。为什么这么说呢?就是因为你们人类太害怕挫折!

练习听力的过程,对于不同的考友来说是不一定的。有的考友的提升是一个直接向上的箭头,有的考友则会有十分明显的平台期,所谓的平台期,就是一个很明显的停滞不前的时期。

托福是适用于每一名考友的提升自己听力的方法,因此请不要怀疑这种方法是否适合你自己,也请不要怀疑这是否是最快的提升听力实力的方法,因为世上只有这一种方法,因此也就没有了快慢之分。因此首先请坚定自己听写的决心!

对于直线性提升的考友,是会很直接的看到自己的提升,这个时候几乎每个人都会坚信听写对于自己是有效的,因此会毫不犹豫的将听写坚持下去。

但是,其实很多考友的听写是属于有平台期的,换句话说,也就是你会发现每天的提升其实并没有我们想象的那么大,甚至你会发现自己3天,5天,甚至2周都没有看到很明显的提升。这个时候,几乎每个人都会怀疑自己的决定,每个人都在想是不是自己不适合这种方法,甚至有的人会怀疑自己是否适合考托福考试。

但是,实际上这是一个很普遍的情况,换句话说,有很多考友在做听写的时候都是要经历一个平台期的。只是,在现实之中,很多准备托福的考友都是分布在全国各地,也就是在自己的身边很少有能够给自己支持,为自己提供借鉴,以及帮自己分忧解惑的战友,因此,就避免不了对自己的怀疑。因此,无老师在这里很清楚的提出“听力提升平台期”这个概念,也就是,提醒各位正在听写的考友,其实在做听力的时候,哪怕有5天甚至2周没有提升都是很正常的,这是一个必然经历的阶段!你的路没走错!坚持下去!

为了让自己有坚持下去的信心,这里无老师特地给大家提供一个小窍门,就是在听写之后,每天都要将自己听写出来的内容跟正确的原文进行对比,同时每天进行记录,这样你就会发现,虽然每天的进步是很小的,但是当你突然打开一周之前的听写记录的时候,你就会发现原来自己的提升原来还是很大的,这样各位考友就会有继续做下去的动力了。^_^

不过即便是如此,也要十分清楚一点,就是“知道”并不等于“精通”。之所以提到这一点,是因为很多考友都会发现,到最后哪怕自己听写的正确率已经很高了,但是仍然会出现做题的正确率没有想象的那么高,之所以会出现这样的问题,就是因为其实听写只是解决了“知道”或者说“了解”的层次,但是还远没有达到“精通”的境界。这里举个简单的例子,扔飞刀谁都会,但是大多数人只是能做到扔出去,但是无法确定扎在哪里。也就是普通人只能做到打哪,指哪。但是托福考试的要求是指哪,打哪!换句话说,你在听力里面把每一句话听懂,这还不够,托福考试要求的是你在听单词的时候丝毫不费任何的精力,可以把自己所有的精力花在思考怎么解题上!

很显然,并不是知道了听写的方法之后,一切就都结束了。这就像是我们都知道取经的路,要一步一步向前走,但是路上有很多的妖怪,妖怪被灭了之后,还有你的师父每天都那么不着调,总是被妖怪抓走,师傅被救回来了,大师兄还会闹脾气回花果山玩玩,而且,沙师弟也是那么不争气,总是扮演打酱油的角色。辛苦你了!真的辛苦你了!

今天无老师就来聊聊前进路上的那些妖魔鬼怪!

1 “我只听那些不认识的就好了”:听上去这句话十分有道理,但是细一想,马上发现了问题,其实听写这事,大的来说,目的只有1个,就是将单词与正确的发音连接起来,但是小的来说,其实是有2个部分,第一个部分是将那些不知道怎么发音的单词,与正确的发音连接起来,比如phenomenon这个单词,我们不知道怎么发音,那么在听写的时候,我自然也就听不出来,这里的phenomenon就是标题里所提到的,不认识的那些词,这个自然是要通过听写这种方式来解决的。

但是还有第二种情况,就是我们本来记下的发音就是错的,比如说and这个词,当你没做过听写的时候,你其实是不会分出来know this与notice这两个之间发音的区别的,换句话说,本来原文是notice,但是你很有可能很自信的人为你自己听到的是know this,这个时候虽然你错了,但是你自己并不知道。因此,自然也就得不到矫正。这就是为什么,不能只去听那些不认识的词,因为如果只听那些不认识的词,那么你头脑中错误的发音,就得不到矫正。

2 “听写提升的太慢了”:听写真的是一个相对漫长的过程,基本上来说,我们往往认为3天见效的事情,才是一个可以接受的事情,但是现实情况是,听写这事,有长有短,长则1个月,短则也要1周才能看到十分明显的效果,但是很遗憾,绝大多数的考友们,是没有这样的兴趣的。因此,请各位正在准备考试自己听写大冒险的考友们注意,你的冒险很有可能要花费至少1周,多则1个月的时间才能看到效果,因此,请各位多准备点干粮。

3 “听写过后,成绩马上就会提升”:看上去确实应该如这句话所说,既然听写过后自己的实力提升了,那么成绩自然该有相应的提升,但是很遗憾,听写1个月之后,你会发现你的听写的错误率急剧降低,但是做题的正确率却没有太多改变,当然,这个时候一个自然的反应就是质疑听写是否有用,但是其实听写这事初期只是让你达到了“知道”的程度,但是托福考试要的是“熟练”,换句话说,听写只能让你会骑自行车,但是托福考试是要求你参加环法自行车赛,因此,如果想在托福考试当中取得好成绩,你的听写就要继续的练,直到只花很短的时间比如说20分钟,就可以把1分钟的材料全都听写完。

貌似前路很艰险那!为什么会出现这么多的误区呢?是我比较笨么?当你想到这个问题的时候,大师兄和沙师弟就都会安慰你,这就是人与人的差别,差别不涉及好与坏,只是是否一样仅此而已。其实很多方法是大而无形的。比如说泛听有没有用?很多人说没用,但是如果24小时的一段材料,你听一年,同样会发现功力大涨。精听都说有用,但是你如果仅听1次,那么就什么作用都没有。其实,说到底还是耐力或者说坚持,决定了最后的成败与否,但是这并不能成为我们接受低效的借口,在提高听力的路上,我们一路前行,最快的路往往只有一条,接下来,请拿好钉耙,我们又该上路了!^_^

4 “听写的时候,小词就是听不出来”小词,比如说is,or这些词,其实是一个很敏感的话题,就是貌似自己应该能把这些词听出来,因为从小就认识,但是好像自己总是在听写的时候听不到。其实如果你与听力的高手聊过的话,你很快就会发现,这些小词其实更多是一种高手自我标榜的标志。这就好像是,足球的高手比的不是你有多少脚射门,他们比的是你有多少任意球直接得分,因为这是功力的象征。听写之中也是这样,这些小词,其实,只有到听写的后期才能解决,而且解决的方法也不是纯凭自己的听力实力,要想把这些小词听到100%正确,最后靠的是“听写实力+语法修正”。其实当语速足够快的时候,很多小词比如说or或者is是几乎不被发音的,哪怕发音,也得也是很轻,因此这个时候,要想保证自己听写绝对的正确率,很多时候靠的是语法的修正!换句话说,就是你知道那里就应该有这个词,当他还没说出来的时候,你就有了那个“预判”,这是很重要的。

5 “听写完了,万事大吉”:其实听写的过程,是一个矫正自己错误的过程。因此,单纯的听出来的内容,是有很多的错误的,这个时候,必须要做的事情,就是要去拿自己的文章跟原文进行校对,而且一定要把自己听错的内容重新再听至少5遍,甚至10遍才是可以的,否则,你也会发现自己的进展十分缓慢。

6 “听不懂了,马上就看原文”:听写的过程就是要把一个单词与其正确的发音连接在一起,因此一旦听不出来,那么第一件你应该做的事情,就是把那些听不出来的内容再听写5-10遍,如果听不出来,那么就应该先放下,继续等这段材料听完,再去看原文,否则你会发现自己的印象不够深刻,因为每个人都需要最后的一个全盘总结的过程,因此,这些错误的内容,最好留到最后一次性的冲击自己一下,才是最好的选择。

7 “我生活在英语环境中,我不需要做听写”:在中国大陆,现在有很多的国际班,出国班,或者说留学班,当然还有很大一部分童鞋,高中就是在美国读的,这些童鞋们平时都是在英语的环境中学习,因此往往对于自己的英语能力有着绝对的相信,那么,如果一旦自己的英语成绩不好的话,这些盆友们的第一反应一定就是自己不知道托福考试的“技巧”。但是实际上,这些考友们缺少的真的不是技巧,而是一个真正的实力,或者说,是ETS所认可的实力。其实新托福考试是一个绝对考察细节的考试,但是这些国际班之中的考友,在自己平时的学习生活中,最不重视的,就是细节,因为课堂之中很多时候,都用简单句,哪怕是长句,只要能听懂大概的意思就可以了,也不用抓住细节。但是这些在课堂中被忽略的能力,恰恰就是新托福考试最为感兴趣的能力,因此,哪怕你生活在英语环境里,也仍然是要去做听写的!

还有我们需要注意的是:密室谋杀案,这是日本漫画中非常常见的场景设置。当提到密室谋杀案的时候,往往第一个想到的就是《名侦探柯南》,但是实际上最专业的密室谋杀案信徒,应该是《金田一耕助》系列。其实只要是真正的漫画迷就应该知道,所有的密室谋杀案,没有一个是真正的密室,可以说所有的密室都是有破绽的。但是在找到最终的真相之前,所有的人都是迷茫的,直到智者的出现。^_^

其实托福听力也是这样,由于托福竟然要求100分的高分,因此托福听力往往只有拿到26分以上的分数,才能够安心放手其他几个单项的分数。相应的,如果听力拿到26分的话,那么其实所有听力题一共仅允许错4个。但是很多考友在刚开始做TPO的时候,错10几个是非常正常的事情。

想要减少错题数,提升你的听力分数,真相只有一个!就是听写。但是人们往往希望很快就能看到自己的进步,希望通过1-2天的听写就能够让自己的分数有一个很明显的提升,但是这是不可能的,人们往往要通过至少1周的听写才能看到初步的变化和提升。因此,众多考生就进入到了密室状态。 如果这间房子进出的入口都非常明显的话,那么密室也不再是密室,人们的心理压力顿时也就消失了,但是难就难在密室本身看上去在那一刻是没有任何进出的可能的!换句话说,人和人面对一个未知的环境全都是迷茫的。在这期间,怀疑,暴躁,恨嫁一拥而上,袭上心头!在接下来就会进入到极强的心理波动期,也就是强烈的怀疑前路是怎样的,强烈的怀疑自己是否真的可以减少自己的错题数。当然,无老师可以告诉你这一切的怀疑都是枉然的,换句话说,99%以上的人类只要认真的做听写都是可以提升的,只是速度快慢不同而已。但是只要你没有看到自己的错题数真正的减少,那么你的怀疑,就丝毫不会减少。直到1周,甚至2周之后,你真正地感觉到自己能听懂的内容越来越多了,你才会稍稍安心。

但是很遗憾,这一切并没有结束。很快,另一波的恨嫁……不对,应该是另一波的怀疑又会袭上心头,这就是当你一开始做题的时候就会发现,竟然还会错10几个,这个时候,大多数正常人都会崩溃的。但是,当你从废墟里站立起来,没心没肺的再做几套题的时候,竟然会发现自己的错题数真的在减少。一旦你开始自己的错题数真正减少的时候,你的心才会真正的安定下来。不过当然,你一定还会稍许的遇到平台期,但是由于有之前崩溃,然后再次原地满血重生的经历,因此,你的路就会平坦很多。

此时,你的一只手已经慢慢地按下密室门,外面的光明逐渐向你打开,你会不由自主的把自己推向光明的。^_^

前路漫漫,二师兄,我们早点上路吧!^_^

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