...POVERTY AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS AND WHITES IN LATIN 2 AMERICA AND THE UNITED STATES Abstract This article reports the relationship between the United States immigrant and African- American families presented by Daniel Patrick Moynihan in his 1965 report to President Lyndon Johnson remains the most popular folk model for explaining success, failure and mutual aid in “poverty.” The Moynihan model is an enduring part of popular discourses on race, intensified by contemporary immigrant successes narratives. The participant observation research among homeless African-American families and Latin American families had participated in a small business creation in New York City which happened more than three years ago. When kinship norms are typically American, it is said that certain immigrant family forms are more suited to mutual aid crisis. The African- American family is misused as being dysfunctional. It gives an overview of the demographic of “poverty” and how these demographics have changed since 1979. It also considers trends that have emerged over the last few decades and reconsiders the successes and failures of past public policy. It also identifies the growing feminization of poverty and the growing Latino population as the primary challenges currently facing public makers...
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...Race: The Cultural and Political Power of an Illusion in Latin America Race has been the most arguable and controversial subject in Latin American history. Since 16th century it has created a great deal of prejudice among Latin American people, it has been referred, as biological characteristics later modified to a social statue such are education, wealth and language. It has been under a heavy influence of cultural and political power where people were classified from their biological characteristics to their wealth. Through the time race has become the main tool for state creation and regulation. Race has become a status, which has structured and organized the nation but the term “race” has never itself been stable. In today’s Latin America modern theory of “race” has meaning of a political power, status and regulation, it’s a states way of monitoring and controlling of the heterogeneous nation. Race gradually has become a political cultural and economic power for Latin American state. In this paper I will argue about the idea that race in Latin America gradually has became just an illusion, a tool by which people were controlled structured and manipulated. Various articles will be presented to support and illustrate the transformation of the word “race “ and its cultural and political influence on Latin America. I will talk about the colonial to republic period idea of “race “ In Latin America and how the meaning of the word was manipulated. I will discuss the colonial...
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...The economy in Colonial Latin America was complex and contained elements of similarity to the mother country system. Although many of the colonies’ economies in Latin America are influenced by the parent country, there different in nuance. Steve Stern does a great job of showing Colonial Latin America utilize attributes from both capitalism and feudalism to create its own sense of an economic system. The fusion of feudalism and capitalism helped to sustain slavery and provide European colonists with political and monetary power over indigenous people living in Latin America. Systematic forced labor proved Stern was correct about how European settlers established a feudalistic society in the Americas. The first establishment of forced labor came in the form of the Encomienda. The Encomienda allowed conquistadors to control Indigenous...
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...Latino/Hispanic Ethnic Group White and Black are races that are outlined throughout the world. People generally feel you either fit in these racial categories or you don’t. The Latino/Hispanic group is defined more by ethnicity, relatively more complex than just race. The U.S. Census Bureau outlines this ethnic group as a separate entity than White or Black people. There is even White and Black Latinos or Hispanics depending on how they choose to identify. There is a broad range of variability in this ethnic group as well as some cultural, language and religious differences as well as a few different subgroups. Identity The United States Census Bureau is the sole provider of all of the statistical data about our nations’ population and economy. Census information is gathered and reported every 10 years. Census reports first implemented that Latino/Hispanic could be identifying factors on our census report around the 1990 census data collection, which held the most comprehensive data. In previous years, Latin Americans were able to identify with by listing any of the subgroup they belonged to. In previous years, beginning in 1930, the census attempted to identify “Mexicans”, then later in 1970, where there was a nationwide category and then 1980 added the more effective category that really won over society in 1990. Most Latinos and Hispanics have no easy task in explaining their identity. Whether you are a Latino or a Hispanic is largely in part based upon where your...
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...What changes did the Republicans bring to the federal government? a. The Republicans started by making fiscal policies. They “eliminated all internal taxes” in order to help people with large debt (Goldfield 224). Republicans tried to take all the offices they could be appointed to. After Jefferson finished his presidency, Republicans too almost all the appointive offices (Goldfield 224). Jefferson decided to reverse foreign policies in order to stop Napoleon from making a treaty with Spain which posed as a threat. Jefferson had a deal with Napoleon, which helped expand the size of the United States. Furthermore, it opened up another frontier for slaveholders south of the Mississippi Valley (Goldfield 226). b. How did their policies differ from those of the Federalists who came before them? Federalists wanted people to be in large public debt. Federalists tried to have a grip on federal offices; however Republicans managed to take over. Then the Federalists passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 (Goldfield 224). John Marshall, who was a Federalist, created a precedent of judicial reviews in the Marbury v. Madison case. c. What factors accounted for the Federalists’ inability to regain national power after they lost the election of 1800? Hamilton and his fellow Federalists wanted people to be in a large debt. They failed to keep hold of federal offices when Republicans simply used their Republican principles (Goldfield 224). Federalists attempted to keep up the Judiciary...
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...has for one another. Whether it is an disagreement on religion, a power struggle for land or the development of society, if there is one thing humans are consistent in is that we do not play nice. However, for people to judge each other on a superficial and meaningless factor such as color is truly bewildering, considering all the many things that makes us different. Because of this type of judgmental mentality, superiority complexes were soon followed, putting specific groups at the top of the food chain. Sadly, those of African descendance would bare the burden of being slaves, in every meaning of the words, to a vast majority of the world due the ignorance of the human race. The movie, The Last Supper, by Tomas Gutierrez Alea depicts the interaction and relationships of the denizens of a sugar plantation in Cuba during the eighteen hundreds. All from the Count to the overseer and slaves had ways of interacting with one another, which was mostly decided on their race and social status. The movie deals with various topics that defined that era in time and there are many reoccurring themes in the movie that can be seen in other periods of time and places. In this paper, many aspects of black culture will be discussed and how they relate compare and contrast to that of whites in the particular time frame in which the movie takes place, as well as discussing modern life implications that certain customs or believes back then have on our culture. The movie from the start makes...
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...The Field Study America is a nation known by most as a nation of opportunity and freedom. America promised in the Declaration of Independence that all people should have equal rights and opportunities. A controversial issue exists in the American work field, about racial issues affecting workers’ pay, position and freedom. Whether people are paid based on race and not by performance is speculative. Nations of prominent stature like America should not let racism in jobs occur. America, one of the most happily diverse nations in the world must put an end to the existence of racism in the workplace. I would like to visit businesses and examine the activity of the workers, to conclude if there is truth to the allegations of racism. To prove these Allegations, I will visit two businesses in the area, one of which will be a privately owned company, and the other of which will be a state-funded business like a school, hospital, or prison. I plan to inquire employees’ pay if they agree to present that information, and compare similar positions’ pay based on racial differences. The reason two different types of businesses should be used, is to determine if different types of business are racist towards workers. Many cases have been recorded of minorities being discriminated against in the workplace. Statistics were found supporting the claim that racism does exist in the workplace. The fact that black, Latin and Asian workers are paid less than white workers amounts...
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...Abstract Globalization has changed the way that goods are exchanged throughout the world. Currently between the U.S. and Mexico there is a huge problem with the illegal exchange of weapons. International crime organizations, such as Los Zetas, are becoming more powerful and this is putting the future of Mexico and all of Latin America in jeopardy. As these organizations become more powerful, federal and local governments are losing control. These weapons that are making there way into Mexico are making it easier for the drug cartels to move drugs up and down North and South America. Also weapons are durable goods, which means that these weapons making there way to Mexico can be sold to other crime organizations and used again and again. This paper will look at two cases in particular, in which weapons are crossing U.S. borders and making there way into the hands of Los Zetas and the consequences that have resulted. What Lay’s Ahead For Mexico Globalization is something that is changing the way that we live. No matter where you go in the world you almost always see influences from other countries in one form or another. It has both positive and negative affects within society. For example, poor countries that are rich in natural resources can distribute them to other countries to benefit their own economy. However, globalization can have negative affects as well. International crime organizations across the world are gaining more access to high-power weapons because...
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...Although Latin America has faced many social, political, and economic issues within the last three centuries, inequality remains one of the most important, historical, and omnipresent aspects of the region’s culture. As Europeans took over Latin America during the time of colonization, they implemented many elitist social structures that have held strong and are evident today (Harris). Income inequality is the most visible and greatest disparity that the region faces; yet inequality between gender, ethnicities, and education remain strong and significant problems with a necessity for improvement. Inequality of wealth and disparity of power and influence are Latin American’s greatest curses and are at the root of many of the developmental, social, criminal, and political problems that continue to plague the region (De Ferranti). Since inequality has pervaded into every feature of Latin American society, it is important to measure inequality accurately in order to obstruct the causes of the discrimination and prevent new ones from beginning. The Gini Coefficient is an effective way that people indicate the inequality of a country by measuring a frequency distribution of income or wealth. Using the "Gini Index" of inequality in the distribution of income and consumption, the researchers found that Latin America and the Caribbean, from the 1970s through the 1990s, measured nearly 10 points more unequal than Asia, 17.5 points more unequal than the 30 countries in the Organization...
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...is the only ethnic category counted separately by the United States Census. According to the U.S. Census, a Latino/Hispanic person can be of any race. There is a great amount of variability in the ethnic group, which may confuse some people on what is considered to be a Hispanic individual and something else. The census category of Hispanic became official only near the late 20th century. The term “Hispanic” has brought on a lot of confusion. In 1940, President Roosevelt had made a “good neighbor policy” in which they had alliances with Mexico. However, when three Mexican immigrants were not granted citizenship because they were not white. Roosevelt circumvented the law and counted Hispanics and Mexicans as white, thereby allowing entry and citizenship to the country. In the year 2000, Hispanic was considered many races and creeds. For instance, someone who was Hispanic could have been of “a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American or another Spanish culture origin.” (Publications - U.S. Census Bureau). The term Hispanic also refers to the people who share the culture of Spanish people, which does not refer to race. So one can be considered both black and Hispanic, if they share same Spanish culture, similarly, a white citizen can also be called a Hispanic individual, it is a confusing term. Some distinct Hispanic subgroups in the United States would be, Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Dominican...
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...Why was it important? Richard Nixon sent the New York Governor, Nelson Rockefeller, to talk with Latin American leaders and give recommendations to the US policy. Rockefeller reported that the US and Latin American were becoming more distant and suggested that the US show more tolerance for authoritarian rule in Latin America. This is significant because it left the Nixon administration with two options to maintain bilateral relations with Latin America. He could either give more economic aid or assist the authoritarian governments. 2. Why did the US oppose Allende's democratically elected government? How responsible was the US for its overthrow? Allende sought to improve the living standards of his nation by decreasing the influence of large land owners and US multinational corporations. As a result, the US copper mining companies and the International Telephone and Telegraph feared that they would lose more under his power. Also, Nixon feared that if Chile...
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...as personal as our name is stamped by our cultural origin. I did further research into her name; I found out that Luciana is a typical Spanish name meaning light. The religious ties were very prevalent from the beginning even before I had started the interview. Argentina like most of Latin America and my own culture, the Caribbean has a deep history of colonialization; which is even more crucial part to the history of Luciana Cappuciano since she is of European ancestry. The Europeans arrived in Argentina 1502 this is most likely when Lucky’s ancestors first entered Latin America. One of the issues Lucky faced is being ethnically a Caucasian but identifying herself as a Latina. This is her avowal identity, meaning that is the identity “that [she] choose[s] to associate with and portray” (Willis-Rivera 28). However most American ascribes a Caucasian identity to her because of her blonde hair and fair skin; which is features attributes as white in America. This issue was something we discussed with great importance during our interviews. Lucky identifying herself as a Latina despite being of European descent is not strange in Argentina. Actually the predominant ethnic group in Argentina is white; with 97% coming from Spanish and Italian descent (CIA World Factbook, Argentina). The confusion on whether Latina is describing a race or ethnicity it also describe in “The Essential...
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...Managing Diversity Final Research Paper Why is Discussion of Race Taboo in America? America is said to be a melting pot of cultures, a country of not one nationality but a diverse mixture of all different types of people melted into one nation. This term became famous in America from the 1908 play of the same name, “The Melting Pot.” The basis of the play was how immigration to America caused the nation to be a fusion of nationalities, cultures, and ethnicities. What the play failed to mention was that although some nationalities were indeed melting together, American’s that were of different races were being excluded. The physical differences in races, such as African Americans, had caused them to be excluded from reaping the benefits of all that America had to offer. The worst part about all of this is that the people being excluded from “The Melting Pot” were decedents of individuals who did not come to this country by choice. Instead they were brought to this country through kidnapping. Flash forward a hundred years to Nov. 24th, 2008. America elects its first African American president Barack Obama. Article after article published around this time had headlines reading, “Barack Obama: The End of Racism in America.” We finally did it! Racism in America was able to be totally eradicated through the election of an African American as our nation’s president. If only it was that easy. Now in 2014, eight years after the election of our nation’s first African American...
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...Latin America has been influenced by a variety of different culture groups. Africans and their descendants have affected Latin American in many diverse ways and still affect many cultural practices today. One of the major events the Africans were apart of in Latin America was the slave trade. In this project, African’s affects to Latin America through the slave trade will be described, particularly focusing on the region of Colombia and contributions made on the Panama Canal. The history of African descendants in Latin American countries is very complex and controversial. The amount of African people in Latin America is surprisingly very high which resulted in the transatlantic slave trade in these countries. However, not all of these Africans were slaves, and the ones that were experienced a widely diverse set of conditions depending on a variety of factors. Spaniards felt that Indian slaves were inefficient and preferred to buy African slaves whenever possible. These African slaves were much more hard working and reliable than the previous Indian workers. Africans were also favored because of their ability to survive better under harsher conditions compared to the Indians. African labor was essential in all of Colombia. The Latino people used this newly found labor provided by these African slaves in every form and place they possibly could. Beginning in the 16th century, the slave trade took place across Latin American countries and has influenced African descendants drastically...
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...group of people. They’re Colombians with african ancestry. If you ask them this though you might get a different response. A large portion of Afro-Colombians view themselves as just Colombians, as it they should. Black Colombians usually don’t identify as African because they just rather use skin color to justify their races, via shades of white and black. That being said Colombian is the owner of the largest population outside of Africa and the second largest in latin america after brazil. There is a huge injustice to Afro-Colombians.Slavery may have been abolished in 1851, but Afro-Colombians are still feeling the hate as if a few years had gone by after abolition. Afro-Colombians are mainly located on the pacific coast, they are highly concentrated in areas that are mainly focus on farming, cattle herding, and mining. Because of the uses of the land that the Afro-Colombians the areas that they are often found living in terrible conditions due to the fact that the region that they live in as a whole is tragically underdeveloped. These conditions are product of the system that has shown them nothing but hatred, from past to present. Afro-Colombians originally were the majority in Colombia during slave...
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