...inequality. White anti-racism is one of the issues that has presented itself in this attempt at achieving equality posing both possibilities and challenges. The issues of whiteness and white privilege have emerged as one of the greatest challenges in this proves of restoration. This essay will first provide a brief historical background to white anti-racism in post apartheid South Africa as well as introducing the concept of whiteness and white privilege. In order to demonstrate the challenges and possibilities relating to whiteness a few ideological discourses will be discussed. The findings of the research done by Wale and Foster will also...
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...Construction of Whiteness The concept of whiteness, or white privilege, for centuries has been ignored as a potential area of study because it has been widely accepted as the societal norm. Many whites have benefited socially, economically and politically without understanding that most of the privileges they have historically received are solely due to their race and/or gender. The purpose of this review is to analyze the social construction of whiteness from a theoretical perspective, whites understanding themselves and their social status, in addition to the evolution of whiteness. Many studies have been undertaken on the social construction of whiteness. These studies shed a lot of light on the different perceptions on whiteness, gaps in research, areas of highest research interest, strengths and weaknesses of the various methodologies, and direction for future studies. In the study done by Hartmann, Gerteis, and Croll, the focus was on the theoretical aspects of whiteness studies. The findings led the researchers to estimate that in the United States, 15% of the population exhibit what may be called ‘categorical whiteness’ (404). The study by Hartmann, et.al, was carried out using data obtained during a recent national survey, which helped provide an empirical assessment of the theoretical underpinnings of whiteness studies (Hartmann, et.al 404). Three propositions regarding the awareness and conception of whites about their own racial status were analyzed. The propositions...
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...SOC 322 Complete Class Discussions and Assignments Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/soc-322-complete-class/ Discussion Forum 1 Discussion Forum 1: What is your cultural background, and what is it like where you live? In Discussion Forum 1, post your response to the following discussion questions. Reply to at least two classmates’ responses by the date indicated in the course Calendar. 1. What is your cultural background, and what is it like where you live? 2. Describe how you have encountered the strange in the familiar in your own neighborhood or in some other place and what reference groups do people use in your neighborhood to define what is culturally and socially appropriate habitus? 3. In your neighborhood, are there ways that the people create social distance to separate themselves from others unlike them even to the point of being ethnocentric? CO1, CO7 Discussion Forum 2 Discussion Forum 2: Cultural Experiences In Discussion Forum 2, post your response to the following discussion question. Reply to at least two classmates’ responses by the date indicated in the course Calendar. Using a blend of your own experiences, supported by your understanding of the course readings and key terms integrate the following questions into your discussion board posting. It should be three strong paragraphs of 4 – 5 sentences in each paragraph. Then respond to at least two colleagues with an antithesis question on their posting. 4. Culture...
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...White American Privileges and Social Class Aieleen Lanot University of Hawaii – West Oahu White American Privileges and Social Class Privilege is a concept of sociology used to implicate that there are certain groups of individuals that have an advantage over others. “Social liberties use the term to mean benefits according to white people under economic, political, and social circumstance. (Anyon 17)” I agree with his stance because there is no extension of such privileges to individuals of other races such as Blacks, Hispanics or Asians. The use of this term is mainly in the social inequality context primarily in relation to social class, sexual orientation, race, age, and gender. Several recorded privileged elements show the advantageous that White America has in getting access to better housing, jobs, and education. This paper will explore the issue of White American privileges and how social class status is based on color of your skin and the financial means of your family. In the article by Peggy McIntosh, she defines, “White privileges as a package of unearth assets, invisible in nature and are obvious” (McIntosh 10). There is a comparison of white privilege to an undetectable light knapsack of assurance, maps, tools, guidance, visa, codebooks, clothes, passbooks, emergency gear, blank checks, etc. I concur with Peggy McIntosh analysis since there are several functions brought about by white privileges. These functions include provisions of “perks”...
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...well as the resources for provisioning and survival” (Acker 2006: 442). “Gender, refers to the socially constructed differences between male and female and the beliefs and identities that support difference and inequality, is also present in all organizations” (Acker 2006:444). “Race, refers to socially defined differences based on physical characteristics, culture, and historical domination and oppression, justified by entrenched beliefs” (Weber 2001 :10).This paper will analyze and discuss the issue of oppressions in relation to class, gender, and race using W.E.B. Du Bois’ thoughts on race, gender, and class. Also, the intersectional theory according to Patricia Hill Collins will be used for analyzing and discussion in regards race, gender and class. The work of W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1963) has recently become recognized for its significant contributions to sociological theory (Zuckerman 2004:3). Although Du Bois himself was overwhelmingly concerned with the scientific perspective of "value free" sociological research, later social theorists have found his views on race to offer one of...
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...defamation can take two forms, slander and libel. Slander is defined as the defamation of a person, group, organization, product, government or country that was in the form on spoken words, sounds, sign language, or gestures. Libel is the same thing but the defamatory statement was made in written or printed words or in pictures. You are currently dealing with a defamation case in the form of libel. In legal terms; "The publication of any false imputation concerning a person, or a member of his family, whether living or dead, by which (a) the reputation of that person is likely to be injured or (b) he is likely to be injured in his profession or trade or (c) other persons are likely to be induced to shun, avoid, ridicule or despise him. (White, A Primer on the Law of Defamation in Ontario) Basically Peter Reid Graham has the ability to sue for defamation because the statement referring to the pedophilia was a false statement made as if they were true and referring to him. The information may have been factual but the implications were that the man in the picture (Peter Reid Graham) was the one being accused, which is false. In addition it caused damages to this mans reputation (the damage does not need to be proven) The victim will just have to state that he is being accused of a crime he did not commit. Now his name was not used but his picture was which still falls under the category of libel defamation. “The plaintiff must be...
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...I hope that I am on the right track as I attempt to complete this paper. I hope and pray to be finish by week 8 no later than week 9. Annotated Outline for Lookism and Weight I. Introduction A. Love the Body You Have B. Diversity Concepts, Research, Theories and Multicultural II. Weight- Discriminations and Lookism A. Ways Obese Individuals are Discriminated Against B. Weight Discrimination Explained through theories C. Theories to Reduce Weight Discrimination III. Ethnic and Cultural Awareness A. Personal Cultural Competence and Action Plan IV. Conclusion V. Reference Annotated Bibliography Aiken, Jane H. (2007). Striving to Teach “Justice, Fairness, and Morality”. Clinical Law Review, 5, pp 1-67. This article discusses justice means giving each person what he or she deserves or, in more traditional terms, giving each person his or her due. Justice and fairness are closely related terms that are often today used interchangeably. Brownell, K., & Puhl, R. (2004). Stigma and discrimination in weight management and obesity. The Permanenie Journal, 7 (3), pp. 21-23. This articles discuss clear discrimination against overweight people has been documented in three areas: education, health care, and employment. The reason for this appears to be very strong anti-fat attitudes. Constantine, M., Hage, S....
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...Abstract This paper will explore three published articles that report the results from research conducted on Native American reservations, specifically their relationship with the criminal justice system. The topics that will be discussed include rape, structural disadvantages and Native American violence, and finally how society views these issues through the context of difference, inequality, and division. Native Americans have been the victims of oppression since Europeans came to North America. Europeans considered themselves to be an advanced civilization, who created social constructions of young America. Europeans introduced the term race to already existing societies in America, by differentiating Native Americans by the color of their skin. Through time, these Native American societies accepted the constructs of race and were referred to as “us” versus “them” to distinguish which race they represented. As Europeans settlers began to expand their civilization over Native American territories, their hierarchical power grew as well. The way Europeans inherited this hierarchical power was due to their technology (e.g. guns, education, medicine, etc.) leaving many Native Americans powerless. The textbook, “Investigation Difference” by Vernon Anthony states, "…use difference as a resource as we have done so ably in the past, or we can use power, coercion, and hate to try to eradicate diversity from our country as many fundamentalist, militant, and radically conservation...
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...HOW LAWSUITS FILED AGAINST PUBLIX CAN AFFECT EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Introduction Publix is the sixth largest supermarket chain in the United States and the largest employee-owned supermarket chain in the country, it is a privately-held company which operates stores in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama and Tennessee. This supermarket chain was founded by George W. Jenkins in 1930 in Winter Haven, Florida, and currently operates 1073 supermarkets, 8 distribution centers and 5 manufacturing facility employing in excess of 162,000 employees. (figure 1.) Store Locations * Florida - 755 * Georgia - 180 * Alabama - 55 * South Carolina - 48 * Tennessee - 35 | Distribution Centers * Boynton Beach, FL * Miami, FL * Deerfield Beach, FL * Orlando, FL * Jacksonville, FL * Sarasota, FL * Lakeland, FL * Lawrenceville, GA | Manufacturing Facilities * Atlanta, GA - Bakery Plant * Deerfield Beach, FL - Dairy Plant, Fresh Foods * Jacksonville, FL - Fresh Foods * Lakeland, FL - Bakery Plant, Dairy Plant, Deli Kitchen, Fresh Foods, and Printing Services * Lawrenceville, GA - Dairy Plant | Publix Supermarket’s sales in 2012 were $27.5 billion this represented increase of 3.8 percent over 2011 sales and placed net earnings $1.6 billion, up 4% from 2011. Publix’s sales for the first half of 2013 were $14.5 billion, a 5 percent increase from last year’s $13.9 billion. In pursuit of achieving its mission statement “Our Mission at Publix is to be...
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...to improve morale and create equity among all Americans. The history of Affirmative Action (AA) is a long one. The first federal law passed was The Civil Rights Act of 1964. This law started the term, “Equal Opportunity Employment” and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The first legislation to pass was Executive Order number 11246 on September 24, 1965 (Aberson & Haag, 2003). This essentially stated that employers needed to take affirmative action to ensure no one was discriminated against for their race, religion, color, or country of origin. In more recent years, employers have added sexual orientation, abilities, and ethnicity to their list of nondiscrimination. Unfortunately, during these times white men were not always accepting of women and minorities in the workplace. Women who joined the workplace in the 1960s and 1970s were expected to do chores for the men in the workplace. They would also be sexually harassed and abused by their male coworkers (MacLean, 1999). Minorities were still treated unfairly and with inferiority. On many occasions minority civil rights organizations stepped in to assist women in their struggles. For instance, in New York City in 1977, women were finally given the right to join the Fire Department. The firemen harassed, abused, and even put their fellow female fire fighters in life threatening danger. The...
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...apprentice is the fact, that when British and Foreign Bible Society asked for returns of the number of slaves who could read, and who would thereby be entitled to its gift of the Testaments and Psalter.” i. This is a primary resource ii. “An Appeal to The Colored Citizens of the World” Walker, David. Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World. Boston, Massachusetts: DocSouth Books Ed. Chapel Hill : The University of North Carolina Press, 2011. 79. • “That we, (coloured people of these United States of America) are the most wretched, degraded and abject set of beings that ever lived since the world began, and that the white Americans having reduced us to the wretched state of slavery, treat us in that condition more cruel (they being an enlighted and Christian people), than any heathen nation did any people whom it had reduced to our condition.” • “The whites have always been an unjust, jealous, unmerciful, avaricious and blood-thirsty set of beings, always seeking after power and authority.--We view them all over the confederacy of Greece, where they were first known to be anything, (in consequence of education) we see them there, cutting each other's throats--trying to subject each other to wretchedness and misery--to effect which, they used all kinds of deceitful, unfair, and unmerciful means.” i. The materials being used is a book written by David Walker himself, which is an appeal to...
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...World Religion 1 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, One of the Worlds Religions Jamila Clay Axia College University of Phoenix World Religion 2 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is a church that finds its origins with a man named Joseph Smith in the early 1800 in the state of New York. The members of the church believe that they are following the original teachings of God and Jesus Christ original church reviled to Joseph Smith and documented through the Book of Mormon. The people who follow the teachings of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints are generally referred to as LDS, a shorten version of their name, or Mormons, which is a reference to the Book of Mormon which they hold as scriptural text. This religion has many teachings and also many misconceptions about their beliefs. The LDS teachings emphasis prayer, order, obedience, love they neighbor and good works. One the LDS.org web site they have a chronological list of events in the church history. Below is a listing of some of the early events that help to set the stage of the faith that is followed today world wide. 1820 – The Prophet Joseph Smith received First Vision in a grove of trees in Palmyra and Manchester Townships, New York, near his home. 1823 – Joseph Smith visited by angel Moroni and told of the Book of Mormon record. Joseph viewed...
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...improves the country’s development. II. The Problems with the Lack of Diversity on Higher Education in the United States a. Comparison between the National Population Number of Minorities and the Number of People that Access Higher Education- Is it representative? b. Problems When the Minorities and Marginalized Groups are Misrepresented in Higher Education III. Higher education and Society a. Responsibility of Universities to Influence and Make Changes in the Society b. Affirmative Actions in the U.S Universities i. Historic ii. Controversial Points- a Defense of Affirmative Action as a tool to guarantee Diversity iii. Issues IV. Diversity a. What is Diversity? i. Defining Diversity in this Research Paper ii. Nomenclature b. Benefits to Society i. Collective and Individual Benefits ii. Numerical Representation and Informal Interactional Diversity iii. Interaction and Educational Benefits V. Preparing to Work a. Corporations, Global Trade Market and their necessities i. Amicus brief General Motors VI. Improving the Country’s Development a. Social Benefits i. Democracy ii. Employment and Earning Rates b. Economic Benefits i. Qualified Workforce ii. Skills for Competitive and Diverse Business’ Environments VII. Conclusion According to Princeton Profile 2011-12 (2011), the approximate undergraduate enrollment at Princeton was 9 % Hispanic/Latino, 8% African...
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...Education White Paper 3 1 and the Higher Education Act of 1997. Both have broad implications for strategic planning at institutions of higher education nation-wide. The provisions of the Higher Education Act fall into three broad categories: s justice and equality; s responsiveness to the needs of the society; and s co-operative governance. An elaboration on each of these provisions is found below. Justice and equality The new framework is designed to meet the educational needs of South Africa through significantly changed national economic, social and political structures.2 It seeks to guide fundamental changes in higher education to correct, redress and overcome the legacies of apartheid, so that higher education becomes more socially equitable and promotes social justice more generally. The government makes a commitment to ‘equity, justice, and a better life for all’.3 The White Paper stipulates greater efficiency in terms of student throughput and output rates and in terms of the success rates of black students. Social responsiveness The national framework seeks responsiveness to address societal interests and needs by producing graduates who are equipped to participate in a globally competitive economy, enabling them to contribute to the reconstruction and development needs of society. Specifically, the White Paper calls for shifting enrolments towards science/technology and career-oriented fields and programmes, and urges the growth of basic and applied research within...
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...Racism and Power A Formal Research Paper on Racism HSP-3UI-03 Jenna Yates 06/16/2014 -1- Introduction Over the generations, there have been horrific examples of racism around the globe. The holocaust, the slave trade and Apartheid in South Africa are all examples of appalling events throughout history that display racism. In addition to these extreme examples, racism exists on a smaller scale in peoples day to day lives. For example, there are people who face certain disadvantages, like being denied employment, denied an apartment or denied a friendship all because of their race. While there is definitely a movement to eradicate racist actions and beliefs, they still exist. Despite education and a history of horrible experiences with racism, it is still a huge issue in our culture and in our environment. This is so, because there is always a group who benefits from racism and it is hard to let this power and privileges go. Racism has been an effective tool for those in a position of power and privilege to maintain their status, income, recourses, the ability to make decisions, etc. Racism empowers some and disempowers others. Even though we have seen the down side of racism, it is something we continue to repeat from country to country and decade to decade because we know it works to maintain power. Despite all the advances society has seen in research, knowledge and technology, mankind has not been able to abolish racism. Therefore, in spite of our understanding...
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