...Links between environmental degradation and conflict Sarah Meston Sheridan College Certain scholars are correct to argue that there is a link between environmental degradation and conflict for the following reasons droughts, the melting of the arctic and Migration which social security. The melting of the arctic could lead to upcoming tensions about formerly not accessible resources so it remains unclear who has the right to use these resources. Droughts cause environmental scarcity which causes conflict through competition for scarce natural resources. A real world example would be the environmental degradation of Kenya. The main parts of environmental degradation in Kenya are erosion due to wind and water, soil nutrient depletion, salinity, acidity, compaction, reduction in organic matter, and the effects of toxic chemicals and pollution. Kenya went to war with other places because of the lack of resources which killed thousands and destroyed many farmer’s fields all because of environmental degradation. Certain scholar’s statement that there is a link between environmental degradation is valid. References Gaston, A. J., & Elliott, K. H. (2013, March 1). Effects of Climate-Induced Changes in Parasitism, Predation and Predator-Predator. Arctic, 66(1), 43-51. Retrieved from http://web.a.ebscohost.com.library.sheridanc.on.ca/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=cbbff139-7fe6-45bd-b41a-308c0f636e2e%40sessionmgr4001&hid=4104 The articile is about the effect...
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...The objective of this study is to determine, from accounting perspective, the environmental consequences of the operations of oil and gas companies in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. The study was motivated by the curiosity to explain what goes on in the Niger-Delta region in the light of environmental degradation and the continuous agitation for a sustainable approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR). The study adopted the ex-post facto research design. Questionnaires were used to collect data from primary sources while relying on previous studies for secondary data. The Yaro Yamani sampling determination technique was applied to a sample size of 300 respondents drawn from a population of three million. Data collected were analysed...
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...08 Fall 08 Fall MSc OIL AND GAS MANAGEMENT International Environmental Law M28 CLS Ivenia M. Holt Impacts of oil pollution on the environment and wellbeing of a local indigenous community: A case study of the Ogoni people of Nigeria. 1.0 Introduction Ogoni is an ethnic group in the Niger (fig. 1) Delta area of Nigeria. It is a high oil-rich area, populated by approximately 500,000 people (Global nonviolent action database 1995). Ogoni’s who are hardworking people are farmers and fisher men, producing food not only for themselves but for most of the Niger Deltan’s (Ebeh n.d). The region has been plagued with serious environmental degradation resulting from activities of oil and gas exploration and exploitation since Shell petroleum development company discovered oil in Ogoni land in 1958 (Global nonviolent action database 1995). However, contaminated lands in this region were not only through wells and pipelines, but by gas flares which produced intense heat and chemical gas fogs that polluted nearby homes and rendered farmlands barren ( Johansen 2010). Oil exploration and production have been carried out by Shell international at Ogoniland since 1950s, but its operations were stopped in the 1990s due to disputes between Shell and the Ogoni’s (Kadafa 2012). As a result, Ogoniland has been characterized by oilfields and installations that have remained dormant, past spills, lack of maintenance, oil trapping and damages to oil infrastructure for over fifteen...
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...LAW AND ENVIROMENT Environmental law is a collective term describing international treaties (conventions), statutes, regulations, and common law or national legislation (where applicable) that operates to regulate the interaction of humanity and the natural environment, toward the purpose of reducing the impacts of human activity. The environment law may be divided into two major subjects: pollution control and remediation, and resource conservation, individual exhaustion. The limitations and expenses that such laws may impose on commerce, and the often unquantifiable (non-monetized) benefit of environmental protection, have generated and continue to generate significant controversy. In Kenya for long time did not have a comprehensive legislative framework for environmental regulation. Thus the law governing environmental matters was confirmed to the common law and a number of statutes regulating sectors such as water, health, forestry, agriculture and industry. Nevertheless, increasing Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) of 1999. On the whole, EMCA does not repeal the aforesaid sectoral legislation and instead seeks to coordinate the activities of the various agencies tasked to regulate the various sectors. In addition, the common law remains a useful instrument for environmental regulation. The common law deals the environment in ‘’reactive’’ as opposed to ‘’managerial’’ manner, since it is predominantly concerned with remedying any interference with a landowner’s...
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...Biodegradation a. Biological Process b. Degrading Species c. Chemical Process d. Need for Bioremediation 2. Bioremediation a. Seeding with Microbial Cultures b. Environmental Modification IV. Recent Applications of Bioremediation Techniques and their Effectiveness 1. Amoco Cadiz 2. Exxon Valdez 3. Mega Borg 4. Apex Barges 5. Arabian Gulf War V. Conclusion Bibliography Bioremediation Methods for Oil Spills Abstract. The increasing number of marine oil spills asks for effective solutions for the environment. Bioremediation techniques have become a major mechanism for removing oil residues on the affected shorelines. Among the different techniques to enhance natural biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms, seeding of new bacteria and fertilizing the indigenous populations have attracted the most interest. The application of nutrients as nitrogen and phosphorus in the form of fertilizers have shown to be most effective in accelerating the biodegradation process and at the same time to be environmentally safe. I. Introduction Since the freighter Pallas caused the worst oil pollution of the tidel shallows in the North Sea last November, thousands of sea birds and probably numerous other species lost their lives in the polluted water. The responsible parties have not yet taken any measures to mitigate the damage, neither have they provided for the prevention of a similar catastrophe in the future. This is especially striking as...
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...Biodegradation a. Biological Process b. Degrading Species c. Chemical Process d. Need for Bioremediation 2. Bioremediation a. Seeding with Microbial Cultures b. Environmental Modification IV. Recent Applications of Bioremediation Techniques and their Effectiveness 1. Amoco Cadiz 2. Exxon Valdez 3. Mega Borg 4. Apex Barges 5. Arabian Gulf War V. Conclusion Bibliography Bioremediation Methods for Oil Spills Abstract. The increasing number of marine oil spills asks for effective solutions for the environment. Bioremediation techniques have become a major mechanism for removing oil residues on the affected shorelines. Among the different techniques to enhance natural biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms, seeding of new bacteria and fertilizing the indigenous populations have attracted the most interest. The application of nutrients as nitrogen and phosphorus in the form of fertilizers have shown to be most effective in accelerating the biodegradation process and at the same time to be environmentally safe. I. Introduction Since the freighter Pallas caused the worst oil pollution of the tidel shallows in the North Sea last November, thousands of sea birds and probably numerous other species lost their lives in the polluted water. The responsible parties have not yet taken any measures to mitigate the damage, neither have they provided for the prevention of a similar catastrophe in the future. This is especially striking...
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...ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN NORTHERN NIGERIA: THE WAY FORWARD A position paper submitted to Northern Delegates at the National Conference Abuja By Yusuf Abdullahi Rigasa (PhD) yusuf.rigasa@gmail.com An Associate Chief Lecturer at the Department of Environmental Science Kaduna Polytechnic, currently on secondment to National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency, NOSDRA, Federal Ministry of Environment Abuja. 2014 Introduction Northern Nigeria was a British protectorate which lasted from 1900 until 1914 and covered the northern part of what is now Nigeria. The protectorate spanned 255,000 miles (410,000 km) and included the states of the Sokoto Caliphate and the Kano emirate and parts of the former Bornu Empire, conquered in 1902. The protectorate was ended in 1914, when it was unified with Southern Nigerian Protectorate and Lagos Colony, to become Northern Province of the colony and protectorate of Nigeria or the Northern region. The Northern Region was one of Nigeria's federating units. It was created before independence in 1960, with its capital at Kaduna. In 1962, it acquired the territory of the British Northern Cameroons, who voted to become part of Nigeria. In 1967 the region was split into states - Benue-Plateau State, Kano State, Kwara State, North-Central State, North-Eastern State and North-Western State. Currently, the region comprises of 19 states and Federal Capital Territory Abuja. The climatic conditions in the northern part of Nigeria exhibit...
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...and maintaining human wellbeing over a long-term time horizon within the critical limits of life-sustaining ecosystems”(UN Conference on the Human Environment, 1972). While on the other hand, entrepreneurship is a scholarly field that “seeks to understand how opportunities to bring into existence future goods and services are discovered, created and exploited, by whom and with what consequences. (Venkataraman, 1997). But what if we combine both concepts? Is it possible to combine the profit and social and environmental orientation in one company? (Gawell, 2012) The aim of this paper will be to explore the different definitions form the scholars that have done research this field and also to see how the need of sustainable entrepreneurship has emerged in the last decade as one of the solutions for this unsustainable world. This paper begins with a review of the sustainable entrepreneurship literature to find a conceptual definition. Then, it explores how environmental degradation has being caused by industrialization thru market imperfections. And it culminates with how sustainable entrepreneurship could affect society and change future generations. Few scientists today disagree with the notion that humans are...
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...Introduction What role does tourism have in biodiversity conservation, community health, and quality of life? World tourism has grown significantly in my lifetime; from 1950 to 2010 international arrivals expanded at an annual rate of 6.5%, growing from 25 million travelers to over 900 million travelers. By 2020, international arrivals are expected to surpass 1.5 billion people. In addition, world tourism is one of the world’s largest employers, generating 231 million jobs, or nearly 1 out of every 12 jobs globally (WTTC, 2007). Therefore, I am forever filled with optimism that tourism developed sustainably will reduce and one day perhaps eliminate the variety of negative impacts on biodiversity—and will significantly contribute to the health and well-being of local people. Despite the considerable widespread political and economic restrictive environments imposed on the world development of travel and tourism during the last two three decades, the tourism sector has emerged as one of the fastest growing single industries in the World since the end of 1970s. At present, the tourism industry represents around 11% of the world’s GPD, around 8% of global jobs ( around 200 million jobs) and around 9% of global wages (WTTC,2000)[1]. It is the largest job generator of the world economy today. Over 5.5 million global jobs per year during the coming decade are expected from the industry. Despite the unequal distribution of these economic benefits, the expectations from tourism...
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...In thesis writing, the most difficult part to write is Chapter 1 (Introduction/The Problem). As they say, the most difficult part of any endeavor is the starting point. This is because the first chapter is where you conceptualize your entire research. The whole research/thesis can be reflected in Chapter 1 including expected results or outcomes. For your guidelines, please read the following sample format of Chapter 1. Remember, the format is not universal, meaning it could vary from one school to another and/or from one course to another. CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM Chapter 1 includes the following subtopics, namely: 1) Rationale; 2) Theoretical Framework; 3) Conceptual Framework/Paradigm; 4) Statement of the problem; 5) Hypothesis (Optional); 6) Assumption (Optional); 7) Scope and Delimitation; 8) Importance of the study; 9) Definition of terms. 1) Rationale (Background of the study) -Describe the problem situation considering global, national and local forces. Justify the existence of the problem situation by citing statistical data and authoritative sources. Make a clinching statement that will relate the background to the proposed research problem. 2) Theoretical Framework -Discuss the theories and/or concepts, which are useful in conceptualizing the research. 3) Conceptual Framework/Paradigm -Identify and discuss the variables related to the problem. Present a schematic diagram of the paradigm of the research and discuss the relationship of the elements/variables...
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...aquatic organisms and disturb the integrity of the ecosystem (Mester and Tien 2000; Puvaneswari et al., 2006) by alters the pH, increases the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).Dyes industries have also a serious role in environmental pollution. Dyes mainly used in paper, textile and leather industries. Pollutant released from these dyes industries cause water and soil pollution. Water and land pollution by dyes industries affect large numbers of people and environment. These pollutants affects in many forms. They include not only chemicals, but also organisms and biological materials, The number of potential pollutants is therefore essentially countless. There are, for example, some 30,000 chemicals in common use today in dyes industries, any one of which may be released into the environment during processing or use. Due to its toxicity, widespread presence and complex nature, this type of pollution is a serious problem. In Modern life style, urbanization and develop the use of dyes and dye -based products grows. Once they enter an ecosystem, dye-based pollutants initiate a series of processes, affecting both its biotic and a biotic element (Małachowska-Jutsz et al. 1997). Dyes produce an unacceptable...
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...solution. Awareness should be raised among people and in the church about environmental problems and things that can be done prevent further damage. Many small steps can be taken daily, such as recycling and saving power, which add up as more people do them. Causes, like the Evangelical Environmental Initiative, can be joined where Christians can volunteer their time and support. There are many things that cause problems and the sooner we rally support for environmental protection the sooner these problems can be remedied. This generation is paying for pollution but future generations, especially the poor, will suffer far worse if nothing is done. Christians should tend to the earth God created and have hearts of service which give a testimony for Christ. Paper: God gave mankind dominion over the earth He created. Over the past few generations humanity has failed in caring for the environment and many lack the initiative to make a change. Issues such as pollution, wastefulness, and attitudes of indifference must be addressed in hopes of reversing and preventing further environmental damage. Many Christians volunteer their time and support to combat these problems but there are those who bear a stigma against environmentalism or believe there are more important things to address such as witnessing. Bringing unsaved people to Christ is a Christian’s main priority but this can be accomplished through environmental endeavors. In order to make a difference Christians must raise awareness...
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...same time protecting the environment and enhancing the businesses in these areas. One of the challenges is that the communities believe that wildlife is a threat to their livelihoods. Because of this AWF puts an effort at making them realize the benefits of conserving wildlife. AWF’s solutions are the following: developing successful ecotourism lodges throughout Africa, preserving a critical corridor with the creation of the Manyara Ranch, creating a partnership for Sabyinyo Silverback lodge in Rwanda and providing jobs and elephant conservation with Ngoma Lodge. Wikipedia. (2013). Ecotourism. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotourism Ecotourism, according to this reading, is a sector of the tourism industry that involves responsible travel to natural areas usually remote and different from the conventional tourist...
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...The 11th hour Story of the film film is preceded by the introduction of the environmental problems that plagued the world today. This introduction is intended to give an overview to the viewers about the negative impacts caused by human activities that are less responsible for the stability of the environment in general. Then proceed with the analytical discussion about things that appear in and around the environmental issue, and ended with optimistic statements proposed to raise the confidence of the audience to carry out concrete actions for the earth. In parts of the we can see about 50 leading scientists, thinkers, leaders, oceanographer, author, etc, asking questions or presenting facts relating to the environmental issues facing the planet and the prospects for maintaining the stability of the Earth's environment the first hour documentary presents a frightening picture, especially the degradation of environmental conditions that hit the planet, telling many sins conducted on the environment (such as pollution, deforestation, excessive mining), indicate the reasons or factors behind the spread of environmental damage (such as corporate greed, the failure of public policy, the lack of leadership and ignorance), and the meaning and impact of all of the existence of mankind. In the final third of the documentary, after a series of bleak picture of the condition of the planet. Improved mood viewers try again with the appearance of a wide selection of solutions describing...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The need for Environmental Accounting has become the concern and focus of nations and responsible corporate managements. It became one of the foremost issues on the agenda of nations and businesses earlier in the 1990s and the reasons for this were varied emanating from both within and outside of the firm and particularly at the global level (Okoye and Ngwakwe:2004:220-235). A lot of government enactments, laws and regulations on environmental protection have been made in several nations of the world. In the light of the awakening to environment protection, various laws and regulations such as the Environmental Impact Assessment Act, 1992 have been enacted. These require corporate managements to consider the environmental implications of all internal decisions of their managements. Also, all organizations monitored by environmental policy agencies in Kenya are expected to demonstrate much consideration in decision making. Environmentalists agree that it could be more cost effective and beneficial for companies to acquire pollution prevention or clean technology than those of pollution clean-up. It is also observed that in environmental regulations, there is a shift from the ‘command and control’ approach to market-driven forms in which pollution prevention alternatives are replacing pollution cleaning approach. It follows therefore, that determining the appropriate pollution prevention approach may lead to additional decisions...
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