...Hammurabi’s code Hammurabi’s code hurts innocent people instead of protecting them from harm. Hammurabi is the king of Babylonia and ruled Babylonia for 42 years. Hammurabi has also constructed 282 laws for his subjects of Babylonia and wrote them on Steele's and called them Hammurabi’s code. Hammurabi made these laws to protect his subjects mostly women and children that were weak and could not defend for themselves but that is not the case. Hammurabi's code does not help the innocent at all this code just hurts the innocent so leading to conclusion, Hammurabi’s code is not just.As wee look into the family laws and Property laws it can be proven that Hammurabi’s code wasn’t just Hammurabi’s code is unjust and can be found in the family...
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...Hammurabi’s code was it just or unjust? Hammurabi’s code was a set of 282 laws that were written by the king of Babylon Hammurabi in 1792 BCE. He said that he was told to write and enforce those laws by the god Shamash. Hammurabi was the only person who could change the laws. There are three areas of law where Hammurabi’s Code can be shown to be unjust. These are family laws property laws, and personal injury laws. Examples of injustice can first be found in the area of family law. First, law number 129 states that if a woman is caught cheating that she and the person whom she cheated with will be tied up and drowned. Second, law number 195 states that id a son hits his father that the consequence to his actions is that he will have his hands cut off. These examples show tat Hammurabi’s Code was unjust because the laws that Hammurabi created for families were too harsh. Hitting your father should not result in your hands being cut off, although it does deserve a punishment the one in place was too strict. Also cheating on you significant other does not need to be punished by death....
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...Hammurabi’s Code Hammurabi was the ruler in Mesopotamia around 18th century BCE around Babylonia. His reign lasted for 42 years and one thing Hammurabi was most known for was his 282 set of laws. These laws were written to protect all of the citizens under his rule but the question are the laws just? Hammurabi code was written for the citizens. In Document A, the text says Hammurabi stood with the god, Shamash, and Shamash instructed him on the code. One law states,” If a married lady is caught with another man, they shall be bind and cast into the water.” It’s not fair to kill two people because of one mistake. This could be changed to jail time or payments to the wife’s husband, and not killing two people who have not committed a serious...
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...Based Question Walking down the street in Babylonia, it was not an uncommon sight to see dead people hanging in the walls of houses. This was one of the many punishments for crime 1754 BCE in Babylon. The laws were written by the king, Hammurabi, who claimed that the laws were given to him by the gods to help protect the weak. “Hammurabi, the protecting king am I…That the strong might not injure the weak, in order to protect the widows and orphans” (Document B) The laws were written...
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...question developed the fairness of Hammurabi’s code. Hammurabi was a ruler of Babylon and he developed many laws that the three classifications had to follow. About 40 centuries ago he ruled for about 42 years. He also had a set of 282 laws. A careful review of the relevant documents indicate the three classes of people; the law breaker, the victim, and society as a whole. Therefore, Hammurabi’s code was both just and unjust to the lawbreaker, victim, and society. Firstly, Hammurabi’s code is both just and unjust to the law breaker. The laws 53 and 54 are just for the law breaker because a man who damages his neighbor’s field is required to compensate his neighbor for the damage he has caused. Additionally, law 148 is also just because it allows a man to take a second wife if his first wife was seized by a disease. The reason for this is because he is able to have a second wife and the ability to raise a family. To demonstrate the unjustness of Hammurabi’s code for the law breaker an analysis of laws 129 and 195 is relevant. Law 129 was unjust to the law breaker because the punishment is death for an adulterous affair is too severe. Additionally, law 195 is also unjust because is a son struck his father his hands would be cut off and that’s too harsh. Therefore, Hammurabi’s code is...
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...the thief gets away scot-free. I bet you’re thinking that it would be totally unfair to get your hands cut off while a thief gets away with stealing your wallet, just because you thought someone else stole it, then you are completely correct. However, if you lived during Hammurabi’s rule, then this situation might have actually happened. Hammurabi was an ancient king who ruled a small city-state in Mesopotamia, called Babylonia. Hammurabi ruled for 42 years from 1834 BCE (Before Common Era) - 1792BCE. Near the end of Hammurabi's of rule, he created a law code which he carved on a large stone column called a stele. Now you know a little background, we can start answering our main question: Was Hammurabi’s Code just? I don’t think so and here are three reasons why. Hammurabi’s Family Law was unjust; this is shown in Law 129 where if a man wants to marry a second wife because his first wife is sick, he could become sick infecting who know how many other people! (Doc C) Or in Law 195 is unfair because the punishment for striking your father is cutting your hands off!(Doc C) What if your father was being really mean and hits you because he was angry at someone else? Sometimes you have to defend...
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...off from committing a crime but all elements of the crime have to be met in order to convict someone. Every case is different and the circumstances can vary to a great degree but it always goes back to a defendant is innocent until proven guilty. According to Siegel, Schmalleger, and Worrall (2011), “U.S. Justice Department has defined a court concisely as an agency or unit of the judicial branch of government, authorized or established by statute or constitution, and consisting of one or more judicial officers, which has the authority to decide upon cases, controversies in law, and disputed matters of fact brought before it” (Chapter 1). The primary role of courts is to reach a decision involving a dispute. This comes down to determining who the guilty parties are or if they are not guilty in criminal and civil cases. Dual consists of at least two parts. In America we have the dual court system which consists of two different courts. According to Siegel, Schmalleger, and Worrall (2011), “the dual court system is a judicial system comprising federal-and state-level judicial systems” (Chapter 1). This also allows for states to make their own respective laws. The United States is a vast amount of land to govern. Each state is unique in its own way as well. Having the dual court system allows states to retain their...
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...Cruel and Unusual? The roots of Capital Punishment date back as far as the Eighteenth Century B.C in the code of King Hammurabi of Babylon. During this time period there were 25 different crimes that resulted in the death penalty. As time progressed the death penalty became more of a commonplace. Throughout the centuries following King Hammurabi’s reign, the death penalty can be seen in many regions of the world. The death penalty was first seen four centuries after King Hammurabi in the Hittite Code; then in the Seventh Century B.C.'s Draconian Code of Athens, and finally in the Fifth Century B.C.'s Roman Law of the Twelve Tablets. What we would now call cruel and unusual, their methods of execution included crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement. In the Tenth Century A.D punishment by execution became a central law of the land, starting off with 222 crimes punishable by death and then reduced to around a 100. Because America’s origins trace back to Britain our laws were influenced theirs, the death penalty being one of them. This influence of the death penalty on our nation by Britain is where issues arise. Times have changed and so have the people living within them. Where once punishment by death received little to no outcry of wrongful doing, now many believe it is an unjust and horrid act of violence. Those who oppose Capital Punishment tend to argue that taking the life of a criminal is not humane. They say that by taking a criminals...
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...Capital Punishment is the legal infliction of death as a penalty for violating criminal law. It has been around for thousands of years and still continues to execute people today. Capital Punishment is inhumane and in some cases sentences the innocent to death. It is obviously the most severe form of criminal punishment. Being morally unjust, the purpose of it has no significance. Killing a person for their wrongdoings does not in anyway help our society. Capital Punishment must be abolished. Capital Punishment originated in Ancient Times. The first evidence of capital punishment is from Hammurabi’s Code, a book of Babylonian Law, from 1700 B.C. Hammurabi himself suggested: “an eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth.” Jesus Christ was crucified on the cross. This is one form of capital punishment. The bible talks about capital punishment. One example of capital punishment in the bible is “Whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death” (Exodus 21:12). It also suggest stoning a woman is she has unmarried sex. By the end of the 15th century, England had recognized 7 major crimes that deserved the death penalty. Throughout the 1800’s more than 200 crimes were recognized as punishable by death. Many countries in our present day world applied the death penalty throughout the past. Some reasons for the death penalty include betraying the King or Queen, going against ones religion, cheating on your spouse, theft, murder, burglary, rape, and arson. Also, in early Egypt one could...
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...criminal justice system. Last, the contemporary issues and the value of the criminal justice system in a changing society. Interface between Components The American Justice in the 1800s was quite different in the aspect of how the laws have changed. In the 1800s there were not enough law enforcement officers to enforce the laws. Therefore, many people believed it necessary to take the law into his or her own hands. An example of vigilante justice in the 1800s was the lynching of Henry Smith. This is a sad example of how people were treated; in 1893 Henry Smith was tortured and burned alive in front of a crowd of 10,000 people. People were executed for crimes not committed and trials were not an option (Keene, 2012). In the 18th century B.C.E. the first know death penalty was in the Code of King Hammurabi of Babylon. A person could have 25 crimes before the sanction of the state for the death penalty. Capital punishment in the 18th century consisted of stoning, hanging, crucifixion, burned alive, lethal injection, drowning, and fire squads (Capital Punishment, 2012). Today the criminal justice system concerning the death penalty and capital punishment has come along way. Although people as far back as the 1600s took the law in their own hands, today it is considered immoral and unjust. Citizens who commit a crime today are...
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...Chapter 1 Who were the first known humans and which time periods/territories did they cover? The earliest human-like creatures were known as hominids and lived in Africa about three or four million years ago. They were known as “southern ape-men”, having flourished in eastern and southern Africa. The Australopithecines were the first hominids that made simple stone tools to hunt or defend themselves, existing about two to four million years ago. These early human-like creatures were bipedal, meaning they walked upright on two legs, enabling them to make journeys on foot. In 1959, a new form of hominid was discovered in Africa labeled the Homo habilis or “handy human”. These hominids were believed to have a brain fifty percent larger than that of the Australopithecines. This allowed them to become more sophisticated in finding food and hunting in Africa. The emergence of the Homo Erectus began about 1.5 million years ago. The Homo Erectus were the first hominid to migrate to Europe and Asia from Africa. Describe the...
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...evaluate Hobbes and Lock’s attempts on human rights. Finally a conclusion will be drawn upon these points to state whether Hobbes or Locke was Successful to justify the existence of human rights or whether there were any flaws in their thinking. “Human rights are the rights that everyone has, and everyone equally, by virtue of their very humanity. They are grounded in an appeal to our human nature.” (R.T Vincent, human rights and international relations, page 13). Human rights are a concept that has been constantly evolving throughout human history. They had been intricately tied to the laws, customs and religions throughout the ages. One of the first examples of a codification of laws that contain references to individual rights is the tablet of Hammurabi, which was created 4000 years ago, it is considered barbaric by today's standards, the system of 282 laws created a model for the legal system. This kind of model and legally binding document protects the people from arbitrary persecution and punishment. The problems with Hammurabi's code were mostly due to its cause and effect nature, it held no protection on more abstract ideas such as race, religion, beliefs, and individual freedoms. The doctrine that was re wrote has included all the above aspects in human rights, so one can exercise their religion, belief, freewill e.t.c....
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...Book Review Summary of Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament by John H. Walton Chapter 1 Chapter 1 is Walton’s introduction to the discussion concerning the congruence of the Old Testament with the world surrounding it. This chapter discusses the history, methodology, and reasoning behind comparative Old Testament studies. It then concludes with the principles and goals each student should possess as he or she studies the Old Testament. His synopsis of comparative Old Testament studies begins with the resurgence of Egyptian and Mesopotamian archaeological studies during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.[1] He then moves on to discuss the impact of Friedrich Delitzsch’s lectures concerning how the writers of the Old Testament borrowed from extrabiblical sources set the stage for many secular ideologies removing the special revelation aspect from the Bible. This allowed two things to take place. First, it brought out the comparative study of the Bible into a critical realm; and second, it made Assyriology, Egyptology, and Hittitology serious academic disciplines which have greatly enhanced modern man’s understanding of these ancient cultures. While Walton discusses several forms of Old Testament study, his opinion favors comparative studies. He starts with explaining the reasoning for sound methodological comparative study and moves on to answer the “why” it should be performed over other studies. In his view, it expands...
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...religious and ideological interests while others can act against it to satisfy their material and emotional needs. In this case, the state has the responsibility and the legal authority to punish the criminal or groups of criminals based on the given law. The punishment of the criminals may vary from simple fines and imprisonment to sever torture and the deprivation of life. Capital punishment or the death penalty has existed as part of the human justice system since ancient times. In these earlier periods people were sentenced to death as a punishment for crimes considered as first degree offenses by the state. These crimes were most of the time political as well as religious and the method of execution, in addition to different brutal ways, was mainly beheading. With additional types of crimes resulting in capital punishment and more sophisticated methods of execution, the death penalty has continued to be practiced in the 21st century. However, capital punishment, especially after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, has became an issue of greater debate among states, human right organizations and other nongovernmental organizations. Since 1948, the number of countries employing death penalty is decreasing and currently nearly half of the states in our world have abandoned the death penalty for all kinds of crimes. This paper will focus on presenting the diverging views regarding capital punishment mainly from a human right perspective. The study then tries to present...
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...Project submitted by: Syed Saquran Ali Kazmi Karar Abbas Riffat Batool Aisha Nadeem Quaid-i-Azam School of Management Science Table of Contents 1 Ethics…………………………………………………………………………. 3 2 Business Ethics………………………………………………………………. 3 3 History……………………………………………………………………….. 4 4 Business ethic policy………………………………………………………… 5 5 Corporation in Business ethics……………………………………………... 5 6 Corporation a Moral agent………………………………………………… 6 7 Corporation to be governed………………………………………………… 6 8 The Employment relation in Business Ethics……………………………… 7 9 International Business Ethics………………………………………………. 9 10 Problems in Business Ethics………………………………………………… 10 11 Challenges in business Ethics……………………………………………….. 11 12 CASE: Business Ethics in Islam…………………………………………….. 12 13 Ethics in Islam……………………………………………………….. 13 14 Freedom in Enterprises……………………………………………… 13 15 Islam Tenets Concerning Business Transactions………………….. 14 16 Keenness to Earn Legitimate (Halal) Earnings…………………….. 14 17 Trade through Mutual Consent…………………………………….. 15 18 Truthfulness in Business Transactions……………………………... 16 19 Trustworthiness in Business Transactions…………………………. 16 20 Generosity and Leniency in Business Transactions………………... 17 21 Honoring and fulfilling Business Obligations………………………. 17 22 Fair Treatment of Workers…………………………………………. 18 23 Prohibited matters in Business Transactions……………………….. 18 24 Dealing in Prohibited (Haram) Items……………………………….. 18 25 Sale of Al-Gharar...
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