...Henrietta lack’s mother died when she was four. Henrietta married Day at the age of 14, and had five children, and lived a life of poverty. She lived in poverty in Virginia with her 5 children. Henrietta Lacks was born on August 1, 1920, in Roanoke, Virginia. Lacks died of cervical cancer on October 4, 1951, at age 31. Cells harvested from her body without her knowledge formed the HeLa cell line. Hinretta’s cells have been researched in every manner imaginable since that time. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is much more than a book about the Lacks family. It is also an atrocity that scientists disregarded the basic human rights any human should have, just for the name of science. “Scientist do not like to think of HeLa cells as and actual part of a human who had a life and emotions. So, they gave the cells the name HeLa to dehumanize them. A researcher named Robert Stevenson...
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...Henrietta Lacks was an African-American woman who, in 1951, underwent treatment for her cervix cancer. The doctors scraped her cervix and took two tissue samples - one healthy and one cancerous - and informed Lacks that they would be taken to a lab for processing. Little did she know, however, that the tissue samples from her body were being taken to research and not for her own benefit. Henrietta Lacks died months later due to her illness, but the cells that were harvested went on to globally revolutionize the bio-medical field, providing new insights in research on cancer, polio, gene mapping, the effects of radiation on the body, and much more, while her family never saw a dime. Was it unethical of the scientists to harvest these cells for research without Lacks’ consent, or were the millions of lives saved because of said decision worth the cost? It’s a mixed bag, in my opinion....
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...The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is the story of a woman, her family and the moral dilemmas they influenced in the medical, and research world. Author Rebecca Skloot, often references the lack of legislation and regulation when conducting research with human “subjects,” which has brought up these dilemmas. As I read through the story of Henrietta Lacks, I struggled to understand how some saw what they put her and her family through as moral, despite most of it being completely legal. Not only is John Hopkins a well-known institute today, but also is where HeLa, Henrietta Lacks’ immortal cells, truly began. When taking these cells, there were no laws stating consent was needed. Human tissue was seen like trash; once it was out of the body, whoever collected it owned it. The doctors at Hopkins took the cells and sent them to a researcher named Dr. George Gey. Dr. Gey could do whatever he wanted to those sells with out consent or even knowledge of whom they belonged to....
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...evoke admiration, or because of any talents. (Fowler, 2015, p.8). Before beginning Henrietta Lack’s story skoolt starts off by quoting Elie Wiesel, the quote states “We must not see any person as an abstraction. Instead, we must see in every person a universe with its own secrets, with its own treasures, with its own sources of anguish, and with some measure of triumph”. (Skloot, 2010). Once you’ve interpreted and understood this quote and then let it guide your reading you can see the many occasions in which Henrietta and her family were viewed as just abstractions, people without any value. Various ways the scientific community and the media are guilty viewing Henrietta and her family as abstractions. From the moment, Henrietta’s cells were removed from her body it was clear that none of the doctors or researchers had any value for her as a person because of the unethical way they went about obtaining what they needed for their research. Their perspectives become even clearer once Henrietta died. The news of her death reached Gey’s...
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...Henrietta Lacks. A poor black women, who didn’t even know she made a giant impact on the medical world. Henrietta's cells were taken from her at the John Hopkins Hospital without her knowledge. They were grown in culture and used for many different things. “Scientists have used HeLa cells to develop the polio vaccine; they have gone into space and have been exposed to nuclear testing and to toxins” (Reference 1) The major problem with this is that it was unethical. The scientists and doctors didn’t care that they were being unethical, because they figured that Henrietta would deny them the right to do so. Another problem is that we would never know; since they never did ask her. By not asking her if they could do so, they caused for controversy to occur later on. People to this day still talk about what happened in 1951 because it was an evolutionary event....
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...It was just a very common practice at that time for doctors to get cells and tissues from patients without asking for permission. Even when the book about Henrietta was published, there was still not regulations enforce doctors to tell patients that they are going to use the cells to do research (p 315). In addition, there was a similar case happened to a white man named John Moore. Even though John Moore had seen the consent form, he still did not know what was going on because his doctor was not being straightforward with him. The doctor who treated him, whose name was David Golden, patented the cells from Moore and some precious protein produced by the cells (201). Therefore, I think things would not be any different if Henrietta was not a black woman instead of white woman because similar case even happened to a white...
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...Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks focuses on the research done on Henrietta’s cells after her death. There were negative and positive impacts because of the research done on the so called HeLa cells. The Lacks family didn’t trust white doctors anymore because of the lies they had been told. Day initially refused permission to perform an autopsy, but he was deceived into believing that it would benefit his family. Society, at the time, didn’t see this as an issue. These 10 chapters in part two of the book have a lot of unethical experimentations performed because of the testing of the HeLa cells. The main point of the reading was to reveal to the readers how disreputable doctors were back in the 60’s because of how they treated black patients. All of this ties back to Henrietta’s cells as well. The scientific studies performed with the...
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...verify dialogue, recreate scenes, and establish facts she interviewed the Lacks family to see what was really going on with Henrietta. These interviews helped teach Skloot what Henrietta was really going through with the tumor also. On pages XIII and XIV Rebecca tells us Henrietta discovered this tumor because of the pain she felt. It was hard for the Lack's to cope with what was really happening. The impact on the decision to maintain speech authenticity during on the story helped greatly. Rebecca Skloot writing this novel closely depicted the relationship between Henrietta's family. Skloot wrote what was truly true which really helps the reader know that it was real. As they live, the Lacks excel but have struggles just like every other family. They are not ashamed of what they do and do not have although the lack of education made them struggle a little bit. Deborah learns about her mother she barely knew in this novel. Deborah also finds out the truth about her sister Elsie, she has a development disability. Elsie died as a teenager. If I found this same information about one of my family members I would be truly concerned. In would want them to be cured as soon as...
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...her family knowing. These are issues because the cells of Henrietta lack were used to create “immortal” cells that provided a steady supply of cells for medical research and allowed to find cure for multiple diseases, and guaranteed the medical industry millions of dollar when her family his struggling to pay for healthcare. Moreover, researchers at Johns Hopkins asked the Lack’s family to give blood sample to test for cancer when in fact, the sample were used solely to identify their mother’s cell. The researchers never contacted back the Lack’s family, and some of them still wonder if they have the same cancer that killed their mother. These issues in this case concern the broad category of consumer confidence issues where employers and employees have responsibilities to their customers or clients. Johns Hopkins, a healthcare provider institution, and its doctors and researchers who are the care giver had responsibilities to their patient Henrietta and her family. In addition, the case is concerned with the specific are of fiduciary responsibilities, and client confidentiality and privacy. The researchers at Johns Hopkins had the fiduciary responsibility to respect Henrietta’s basic human rights by seeking her consent before using her cells. Also, johns Hopkins’ doctors had the responsibilities to seek the Lackeses consent before releasing Henrietta’s medical records, and inform them about the real reason why their blood samples were needed. Pertinents Facts: On February...
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...Who is Henrietta Lacks? “Henrietta Lacks was born Loretta Pleasant in Roanoke, Virginia, on August 1, 1920. No one knows how she became Henrietta.” (Skloot 18). Henrietta Lacks was a poor tobacco farmer who grew up in southern Virginia, that was also where her ancestors had been slaves. When Henrietta was 4 her mother died and her father took her and 9 of her siblings back to Clover Virginia to be divided and raised by family members. Henrietta ended up being raised by her grandfather Tommy Lacks, who was also raising another child by the name of David Lacks “Day” that was left by one of his many daughters. Like the majority of the Lack's family Day had dropped out of school in the 4th grade, and Henrietta dropped out after the 6th grade. “No one could have guessed she'd spend the rest of her life with Day—first as a cousin growing up in their...
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...Running head: TESTING WITH A POSSIBLE DEATH SENTENCE Testing With a Possible Death Sentence (An analysis of American mal-practice stemming from the Henrietta Lacks story) Testing with possible death sentence We can perceive past and future medical advancement through two very different lenses. One lens is clean and colorful and paints an innovative and hopeful picture of the present and future, and therefore many folks enjoy looking through it and broadcasting it. The second is foggy, dirty and colorless, and depicts a sad and appalling look at a frightening past. This perception threatens us, as the haunting past often does. Needless to say, most people choose not to look the old lens and is rather kept occult. This is probably the reason that aside from bits and pieces of unethical experiments in our part of the world, I was simply not well-educated on the subject and never expected to hear about so many terrible incidents catalyzed by one patient’s cells. The historic lens shows us that “historically, the health care institution has failed, humiliated and ruined lives in the effort to improve medicine” (Robbennolt, 2009) , and it is important for us as social workers to look through that gloomy, grim lens and envision interventions that would have prevented it from becoming so. In a twisted irony of life, one woman’s ill fate, gave way to many discoveries that have saved many lives, but unfortunately at a heavy price for others...
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...Beyond Feelings A Guide to Critical Thinking NINTH EDITION Vincent Ryan Ruggiero Professor Emeritus of Humanities State University of New York, Delhi BEYOND FEELINGS: A GUIDE TO CRITICAL THINKING, NINTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2009, 2007 and 2004. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN: MHID: 978-0-07-803818-1 0-07-803818-9 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Michael Ryan Vice President EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Editorial Director: Beth Mejia Senior Managing Editor: Meghan Campbell Executive Marketing Manager: Pamela S. Cooper Senior Project Manager: Joyce Watters Buyer: Nicole Baumgartner Design Coordinator: Margarite Reynolds Media Project Manager: Sridevi Palani Compositor: Glyph International Typeface: 10/13 Palatino Printer: R...
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...updated: April 26, 2016 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) No Derivative Works You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. An earlier version of the book was published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition...
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...dealing with various practical issues. He introduces the first section, which deals with myths about leadership, by reflecting on the sorts of people we instinctively think of when we think of "a leader": William Wallace, Winston Churchill, Mahatma Gandhi, etc. He points out that this is misleading as "99% of all leadership occurs not from the top but from the middle of an organization". Taking this further, all of us can lead effectively, even if we're not the Vice Chancellor or the CEO. He notes that many people are good in one direction (e.g. they have influence with their boss, but alienate the people who report to them, or are great with their team, but do no get along with their peers), and some people are very productive, but lack influence with anyone in the organization. In contrast, 360-Degree Leaders have influence in all directions, with their superiors, with their peers and with their subordinates. While this may seem like a tall order, Maxwell provides some helpful guidelines in the book on how to lead in all three directions: up, across and down....
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...Media History Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 Issues with definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forms of mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professions involving mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Influence and sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethical issues and criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 6 6 7 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 21 1.1.10 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.12 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.13 External links . . . . . . . . ....
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