...The 14th Amendment Since 1868, United States citizens were promised by the 14th Amendment “equal protection of the laws” meaning all groups of people, no matter the race, religion or gender, are protected by the laws written in the Constitution of the United States. The ultimate cause of the Civil War was said to be because of the disagreement between certain states to abolish slavery. The same year the war ended was the same year the 13 Amendment passed which ended slavery. Three years later came the 14th Amendment. This is a very important part of the Constitution, considering that different groups of people have been through several cases of inequality in history, before and after this amendment was passed. Does the 14th Amendment really guarantee equal protection to all groups of people? The answer is no. Even after the 14th amendment was passed, certain...
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...changed it’s called and amendment. Among the amendments are the bill of rights and the reconstruction amendments. In this paper I will discuss how and why amendments become part of the constitution, what were some problems with the original document that motivated the adoption of the bill of rights, the effects of the bill of rights and the reconstruction amendments and their effects. How and why do amendments become part of the constitution? When the constitution was written, the Framers knew that the constitution would and could be amended. Article V of the constitution tells how an amendment can become a part of the constitution. It takes two steps to add an amendment to the constitution. The first step is the proposal. An amendment can be proposed by either two-thirds vote in congress, which includes both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The second step is ratification; the amendment has to be ratified by wither three-fourths of the state legislatures or by state conventions in three-fourths of the states. An amendment can only be ratified after two-thirds of the House and Senate approve of the proposal and send it to the states for a vote and then three-fourths of the states must affirm the proposed amendment. Congress has set a term of seven years for ratification. The second way would require a constitutional convention to be called by two-thirds of the legislatures of the states. The convention can then propose as many amendments as it sees fit. Those...
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...goal Well over 300,000 babies are born in America EVERY YEAR to illegal immigrants. These parents sneak into America illegally. Totally ignoring our laws that we as LEGAL citizens are obligated to uphold. Totally undermining our citizenship by taking advantage of the benefits that America offers, all while not paying taxes and not adhering to our government. How do we punish these criminals? By granting their children immediate and full citizenship. They are afforded every benefit America has to offer. Food stamps, well fair, public education, healthcare, and every other government program we have. They almost will certainly be using these benefits because as an illegal immigrant you are not permitted to work in the US. It’s easy to see why immigrants are sneaking into America: if they establish themselves with a legal citizen baby they are afforded a better life here by taking advantage of our generous government. If we stop giving every baby born to illegal immigrants citizenship, we would put an end to the incentive of sneaking into the US for free citizenship. If we cut off the incentive, it would effectively reduce the number of illegal aliens flocking to America which costs us $113 billion dollars a year Our country is in a recession and illegal...
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...United States is an automatic citizen regardless of the mother's citizenship status. However, the United States is unusual in its offer of citizenship to anyone born on U.S. soil. Only a few European countries still grant automatic citizenship at birth. The United Kingdom and Australia repealed their U.S. style policy in the 1980s after witnessing abuses similar to those plaguing the U.S. today. Why does the United States continue to allow a practice subject to widespread fraud? The answer lies in how American jurisprudence has interpreted the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. Babies born to illegal alien mothers within U.S. borders are called anchor babies because under the 1965 immigration Act, they act as an anchor that pulls the illegal alien mother and eventually a host of other relatives into permanent U.S. residency. Jackpot babies are another term. The 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868 to protect the rights of native-born Black Americans, whose rights were being denied as recently-freed slaves. In 1866, Senator Jacob Howard clearly spelled out the intent of the 14th Amendment by writing: "Every person born within the limits of the United States, and subject to their jurisdiction, is by virtue of natural law and national law a citizen of the United States. This will not, of course, include persons born in the United States who are foreigners, aliens, who belong to the families of ambassadors or foreign ministers accredited to the Government of the United States...
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...away people's rights. Therefore, most Americans wanted a bill of rights added onto the Constitution. Because the Constitution had already been written and placed into effect, the bill of rights could be added only by making amendments to the Constitution. At this time, the United States Congress made a list of the rights that would be amendments to the Constitution, giving us the Bill of Rights. 4. What is the process of incorporation? What guarantees in the Bill of Rights are not now covered by the 14th Amendment’s due process clause? The incorporation process is a legal act of creating a corporation. The only amendment in the Bill of Rights NOT covered by the 14th amendment's Due Process clause is the 2nd amendment. Most rights and limitations relating to guns are covered by state law. You will find very few laws limiting the sales and ownership of firearms 6. How do you think the United States might be different today if the Supreme Court had not applied the process of incorporation to the due process clause? Due process is the principle that the government must respect all of the legal rights that are owed to a person according to the law. If that did not exist, we would not have rights, such as illegal search and seizure. Section 2: 2. Why does aid to parochial schools often pose a constitutional problem? As parochial schools are religious in nature, aid to them can be considered support of a religion, which is generally unconstitutional. 4. Explain the free...
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...Americans newly found freedom. To Plessy it seemed as if even though the Declaration of Independence had affirmed that “all men are created equal,” Americans didn’t see it that way. There was still prejudice in America and so black’s were forced to sit separately from whites or drink from different fountains. Little pointless details were made into a big deal. Plessy being ⅛ black, but still looking like an American, was never told to move to use the colored facilities until one day he was asked if he was part African American, and Plessy admitted to it. However, that didn’t stop Plessy from sitting at the front of the railcar, and because of his refusal he was arrested and brought to the United States Supreme Court, claiming the fourteenth amendment. Custom, Precedent, and Federalism the three systems of ruling were embodied into the discussion and the outcome of the case. Each...
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...Throughout the 19th and 20th century, African Americans have been fighting for basic rights, equality, and abolishing slavery. This is all the same movement, from Dred Scott, to the Martin Luther King Jr.’s march on Washington. The basic idea was to achieve equality. And African Americans never stopped doing that. When Dred Scott brought his case to court, he started a fire. A fire that grew and grew, until a whole movement was created. And that movement was never stopped, until African Americans were given equal rights as whites were. The Civil Rights Movement, and the abolitionist movement, are just parts of a larger fight, the equality movement. For many African-Americans, Brown vs. Board of Education was a very important case. It was a...
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...The text of the 14th amendment is long, but what it essentially means that no person can be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law. The amendment also guarantees everyone's right to equal protection under the law. The amendment embodies the Due Process of Law and Equal Protection Clauses of the United States Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled many times that the amendments serves as a limitation on both federal and state government action. Our freedom is protected by the constitution and it is in our hands and no one should take that away from us. The fourteenth amendment is important because it makes everyone born in the u.s a citizen and it makes sure that no state can make or enforce a law that takes...
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...School of Business B IS/220 (3 credits)Version 1 Introduction to Computer Application and Systems BIS/220 Creating Communication The Puerto Rico Daily Sun newspaper posted an article about why is it important for Puerto Ricans to vote in the Republican Presidential primary. Super delegate for the Republican Party, Zoraida Fonalledas made the following statement, “the only opportunity we have to elect candidates for the White House and bargain for more rights to the often forgotten second class U.S. citizens who are residents of Puerto Rico.” This statement made by Zoraida Fonalledas is the rebuttal I have chosen. I consider this statement a fallacy due to the fact that the term “second class citizen” is not even a real citizenship class. Second-class citizens can be informally used for illegal aliens, people that can’t vote or serve in the military due to the illegal status or citizenship status. It really does not apply to the Puerto Rican people since 1917. Puerto Ricans are not “second class” U.S. citizens as quoted by Super Delegate Fonalledas. All Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens, just like everyone that enjoys the U.S. citizenship. The 14th amendment of the United States clearly states on the first sentence "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." In other words, every human being born within the jurisdiction of the United...
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...Gay Marriage Tina M. Keena SOC 120: Introductions to Ethics & Social Responsibility Instructor: Daniel Beteta August 31, 2012 Gay Marriage “The protection of fundamental human rights was a foundation stone in the establishment of the United States over 200 years ago. Since then, a central goal of U.S. foreign policy has been the promotion of respect for human rights, as embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The United States understands that the existence of human rights helps secure the peace, deter aggression, promote the rule of law, combat crime and corruption, strengthen democracies, and prevent humanitarian crises” (Bureau of Public Affairs). With this said and published why is there so much debate and argument over the rights of those in the Gay and Lesbian community being allowed to marry each other? The Bible does indicate that marriage is between a man and a woman, but the Bible was written by man as an interpretation of God’s word. This Country with many others has overcome so many obstacles within the times. Banishment of slavery, equal rights to women, and acceptance of interracial marriages has become respected and acceptable. If all of this can come full circle to where it is acceptable, the rights of those who are gay should also be accepted. Equal rights to all human beings regardless of race, religion or sexual orientation should be recognized. In 1967 there was much controversy over the interracial marriage of...
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...wrongdoings. These men and women hold such authority and responsibility that should not be abused whatsoever. These men and women are responsible for the safety and wellbeing of the community they protect and serve. Police officers are meant to enforce the law, but why in some cases, does the law not adhere to them? With that being said, police officers need to be held accountable for such intolerable acts and need to be shown some sort of punishment because too many innocent men, women, and even kids are paying the price for the officers’ mistakes. As a way to try to prevent police brutalities and misconduct, body-worn cameras have been issued to document the behavior of police officers. This might have sounded like a good idea to stop police...
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...A Fight That Changed The Future In 1861 the deadliest and bloodiest war of all time began. The war was a battle between the North (union soldiers) and the South (confederate soldiers). Many people thought this war would be a short war, but it lasted 4 years. This war was the Civil War and it is an important event in history. Many people say the civil war was over states rights, but a majority of people say it was over slavery. Slavery was said to be the #1 conflict between the North and the South in the 1860’s (Guelzo 1). People from the North were being used as slaves in the south. The south liked/ wanted slaves, but the North did not agree, which is why the country was divided (Luce 1). Fifteen out of 34 of the states were slave states...
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...Punishment all together. Likewise, the death penalty violates the constitution. One of the amendments that relates to the Capital Punishment is the 8th amendment, “Nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted.” This amendment states that there are some punishments that are so harsh that should not be enacted on a person. The Death Penalty is one of them. Taking away someone’s life is a punishment not only for the person themself, but for those who care about them. When a prison sentence, even a life sentence is convicted, the family can still contact the criminal and know they are safe, but with the Death Penalty, they are gone forever. Another amendment the Death Penalty violates is the 14th, “nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.” This means no one can kill someone, or take away their freedom or belongings without the correct processes in law. As Parzival S stated “The death penalty… is handed in a discriminatory fashion, based on social class, race, and gender. And so with this particular punishment being unfairly handed out, the entire punishment is seen as a violation of the 14th Amendment.” Whatever the reason, execution violates the 14th amendment because it is depriving someone of their life. In the past and even the present, it is handed out for unfair reasons such as race and gender, which is yet another violation of this amendment. Lastly, The Constitution protects against “grossly disproportionate punishment” for...
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...or organizations who unite to actively support or defend an idea, usually to influence policies or resource allocations through media campaigns, public presentations, publicity, and legislative lobbying efforts; GROUP WHO TRY TO RAISE AWARENESS AND INFLUENCE POLITICS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION advocacy groups are broader. interest groups are more specific. for example an environmental group would be an advocacy group and a group to save the rainforest would be an interest group. Amicus Curiae - “Friend of the Court.” A brief filed in a lawsuit by an individual or group that is not party to the lawsuit but that has an interest in the outcome. SOMEONE, NOT BELONGING TO ANY PARTY, VOLUNTEERS TO OFFER INFORMATION TO ASSIST IN A CASE, WHICH IS WHY IT MEANS FRIEND OF THE COURT Astroturf - refers to political, advertising or public relations campaigns that are designed to mask the sponsors of the message to give the appearance of coming from a disinterested, grassroots participant (i.e. fake grassroots); FAKE GRASS/FAKE SUPPORT; OPPOSITE OF GRASSROOTS; Creating the impression of public support by paying people in the public to pretend to be supportive. Bundling - A tactic in which PACs collect contributions from like-minded individuals (each limited to $2000) and present them to a candidate or political party as a “bundle,” thus increasing the PAC’s influence. Checkbook Membership- send in money to be a member A checkbook member is when a person tends to join groups but do little...
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...Assignment 2; Procedural Criminal Law 1. Explain to me why the Mapp v. Ohio case is as important as it relates to the 14th Amendment. In the case of Mapp v Ohio police suspected that Dollaree Mapp could be helping a suspect hide in her home from the police Cleveland, Ohio. The police knocked on Mapp’s front door insisting that Mapp let them in, due to the police not having a search warrant Mapp told the police no. several hours later the police refrained from watching Mapp’s home and forced their way into Mapp’s home waiving a warrant as they entered. During the police searches they came across a trunk containing explicit materials. Mapp was then arrested and charged with possession of explicit materials. The Fourth Amendment "put the courts of the United States and federal officials under limitations and forever secures the people of their persons, houses, papers and effects against all unreasonable searches and seizures. By including only United States and federal officials in its ruling, the Court still left open the question of whether evidence unlawfully seized could be used in a state criminal court proceeding. (Lisa Pahm) The case Wolf v. Colorado in 1949, due to the effect the Fourth Amendment was discussed for the first time on the states. If the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment united is determined,...
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