...Augustus (Octavian) Caesar was an extremely important man in the Roman Empire. He united Romans and brought them many great feats and a desperately needed time of peace. He brought victory through many civil wars, brought forth a constitutional settlement, and unified and strengthened the Empire. When Augustus came into power Rome had been experiencing some civil warring. These wars had started in the Late Republic between 146 and 27 B.C.E because of the huge divide between the classes. The rich were gaining more wealth and the poor were becoming even more poor. This split caused much tension and hostility. By 31 B.C.E Augustus had successfully won the civil war. He had lead his people to victory and began fixing the issues throughout the Roman Empire. The next thing Augustus Caesar did was create a constitutional settlement in 27 B.C.E. He managed to create a government ruled by an Emperor that still had the appearance of a republic. This was especially important because the Roman people despised one person rule. When one person was in charge they become greedy and abuse their power in the eyes of the Roman people. This is why anyone who took over ruling Rome for...
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...Augustus Caesar Born Gaius Octavius, Augustus was born in September of 63 B.C. Octavius' father, Gaius Octavius, was a praetor for two years until he died in 58 B.C. Therefore, Octavius grew up without a father for most of his life. Through Octavius' long life of seventy-seventy years, he accomplished a great deal. He reduced the size of the Senate, he was an integral part of the second triumvirate, and he was elected the Pontifex Maximus, just to name a few of these accomplishments. Octavius received the name Augustus by holding the consulship and receiving various awards. This title was not given out to just anyone. In order to receive this title, one must be a large contributor to the city (Boardman 533-534). Octavius Caesar was related to the famous Julius Caesar through Octavius' mother. Atria was Octavius' grandmother and Julius Caesar's sister, therefore making Octavius his great-nephew. When Julius Caesar was murdered in 44 B.C., his will read that Octavius was to be adopted by him, making Octavius his son and heir to the Roman Empire. Also, in his will it stated that every citizen of Rome would receive a cash gift. Octavius rushed to Rome to take his throne, but when he arrived in Rome, he realized the Antony had already taken control of the city. He could not persuade Antony to release the money in Julius Caesar's treasury so he had to borrow all the money he could to give the gifts to the citizens. Julius Octavius Caesar was only eighteen when he was thrust...
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...by Roman period was distinctively survived really long time, and people still think they have outstanding values for today’s studies. It brings me an attention to write this paper on the great Augustan period when it is better known for the Golden ages of Roman era. First empire begins with many civil wars within the empire by people of republicans and the great leaders like Julius Caesar. At the Caesarian time, people were greatly pleasured with wealth and strength of nation. However, when the many of nation’s senates set up an assassination of Caesar, and bring the nation back to republican nation, the nation, again, shakes in civil wars and fights amongst themselves. Therefore, heroic character rises into this chaotic time of Rome, C. Octavius. He is stepson of Caesar who was inherited in power by Caesar. By it means, people had much interest in him, and he was served in people’s favor. One fact that he is well known for many of his work in the beginning of Roman empire, I was driven to his life and accomplishments. “At a time when the whole world is still facing after-war prob-lems of rehabilitation, material and spiritual, and in the bewilder-ment of chaos needs light from every source, it occurred to me that it would be of value to review the great period of Roman reconstruction, the Augustan age, to see if from the problems it faced, its solutions and its failures, any suggestions might appear for reconstruction today.” (Haight 335) History of Augustus is a great source...
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...Augustus was considered a great emperor because he improved the circumstances of an empire to such a degree. He led many accomplishments creating an advancement in his army, his contribution in the Principate and centralized government. To avoid rebellion in his army, he had his armies spread out near the borders of his empire. This way the army would put all their anger and force upon their enemies. Augustus delicate decisions in ruler government officials showed that he was smart. He was independent and did things his way. In belief of him knowing he had to make reforms to the government in Rome, he granted himself power but reassured his people that they were governed by the senate. Being that he didn’t trust the governments of Rome’s neighboring countries, he allowed to be apart of them. (Secondary Source: Biographies of Augustus) Augustus was indeed the greatest Roman emperor as he had the most difficult job, which was in fact, establishing the Principate. He created an autocracy in addition to a republican party to hide his control. Augustus ruled Rome not through force or coercion but because he was able to recognize Rome to maintain public order. This explained why all of his titles granted republican....
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...When considering Tiberius’ reign as emperor from an economic, military, and political viewpoint, it could be said to a large extent he was successful emperor. This is in spite of the monstrous figure that Tacitus and Suetonius construct. His success as an emperor is evidenced by him stabilising the economy through prudent fiscal methods, protecting the borders of the Empire, maintaining his political power through the relocation and entrenchment of the Praetorian Guard in Rome and the implementation of the Dealtion Policy. The extent of his success was impacted and needs to be qualified by failures in his public and private life: his poor political skills and the influence of Sejunas. Tiberius success as an emperor is evidenced in the work he did to secure the internal stability of the Empire. This was done through effectiveness of the polices he implemented specifically the Dealtion and the relocation of the whole Praetorian Guard to Rome. The Dealtion was implemented through the passing of a decree that...
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...Beginning with Phillip II’s campaign Greece became a very successful and large territory. Following Greece, Rome became an even larger empire created by Julius Caesar. There were various changes between Greece and Rome rule regarding governmental structure, land ruled, language used, and social structure. Although a there was much change between the empires, there were many continuities as well such as religious views, social class relations, philosophies, and social activities. One of the major changes between Greece rule and Roman rule was the territory that was controlled. The Greek Empire stretched from Macedonia to Punjab. It could have been expanded further, but Alexander the Greats troops did not wish to push farther into India after...
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...Virgil whose name was Publis Vergilius Maro was an icon of his time. Virgil’s work has been widely studied until today. He was very famous in his community and very involved in Rome’s politics. Vergil was an introspective man very different from other important poets such as Horace. Virgil was born in Andes, a small town near Mantua, Italy on October 15, 1970 BCE and died on September 21, 1919. He was born under the government of Gnaeus Pompeius the Great and Marcus Licinius Crassus. While being pregnant , Virgil’s mother dreamt that she was giving birth to a tree full of fruits and flowers. The next day when she was with her husband in a nearby town, she gave birth to Virgil beside the road. The baby had such a pacific expression in his face that his parents predicted that he was going to have a happy destiny. Few days later, someone planted a tree in the same place where Virgil was born. The tree rapidly reached the size of other older trees. Consequently, pregnant women who wished their children to become as successful as Virgil worshiped the tree. (Naumman) Virgil’s family was well regarded but they weren’t wealthy. Virgil’s father, according to some historians was a potter, even though some have stated that he used to work for a Magus, an attendant on the magistrates, and because of his upstanding work his employer allowed him to marry his daughter. He later acquired some land and was dedicated to raise bees. The...
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...From Augustus to Tiberius “I shall write without indignation or partisanship: in my case the customary incentives to these are lacking.” No republican forces were left after Brutus and Cassius died. Sextus Pompeius in Sicily was defeated, Ledpidus dropped, Antony killed. Only Octavian was left. Seduced with many gifts but soon the legal system was incapacitated by violence, favoritism and bribery. Augustus chose Agrippa as son in law after nephew Marcellus dies. Agrippa has sons Gaius Caesar and Lucius Caesar and adopted Augustus adopted them. Both die premature deaths, Nero Drusus is already dead and Tiberius is the only surviving stepson. Livia had control over aged Augustus—he sent to exile his only surviving grandson, Agrippa Postumus. Son of Nero Drusus, Germanicus was adopted by Tiberius by word of Augustus. Supposed foul play on Livia’s side as she heard how affectionate Augustus was to Agrippa Postumus on a visit and so sent letter to Tiberius and next thing that happens is that Augustus is dead and Tiberius is in control. Tiberius’s first crime was the assassination of Agrippa Postumus. First Senate meeting under Tiberius dealt with Augustus’s funeral—Tiberius and Livia were his heirs, Livia adopted into Julian family with name Augusta. After funeral, Augustus was declared a god and decreed a temple but the major topic of every prayer was Tiberius. Then a document was released that was a list of national resources written by hand by Augustus. The...
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...1) The Mecca was known as both an important religious and economic center because it quickly reached prosperity and they followed Muhammad's teachings and became Muslims. 2) The Ka'ba is an example of the connection between Muslims, Christians, and Jews because it contained idols and connected the shrine with stories that the Jews and Christians were also familiar with. Also, they all believed that Abraham was the builder of Ka'ba. 3) A Muslim is different from an Arab, is that a Muslim is one submits themselves to the will of God, while an Arab is a member of Semitic people, originally from the Arabian peninsula. 4) It is accurate to state that Mohammad shared similarities with Jesus Christ and Augustus Caesar. Mohammad shared similarities...
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...ABRAHAM LINCOLN Who is Abraham Lincoln? Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 and passed away on April 15, 1865. He was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. Why did we consider him as one of the famous and greatest leader in the world? Because as a president, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy of the U.S. Gaius Octavius (Augustus) Who is Augustus? He was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD. Why did we consider him as one of the famous and greatest leader in the world? He secured the Empire with a buffer region of client states, and made peace with the Parthian Empire through diplomacy. He reformed the Roman system of taxation, developed networks of roads with an official courier system, established a standing army, established the Praetorian Guard, created official police and fire-fighting services for Rome, and rebuilt much of the city during his reign. In short he did things that he know that will help his people. Alexander the Great Who is Alexander the Great? Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great was a King of the Ancient Greek kingdom ofMacedon and a member...
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...Mero 1 Julius Caesar’s Background Julius Caesar was born in 100 BC to a very wealthy family. Caesars father Gaius Julius Caesar looked over the province of Asia. Aurelia Cotta was his mother and there is nothing written about Julius Caesar’s childhood. When Caesar’s father passed away unexpectedly, Caesar became of leader of the family at the age of 16. Before he even turned 17 he had already begun a civil war where he assisted his uncle Gaius Marius against his enemy Lucius Sulla. With helping his uncle out, he was nominated as the highest priest of Jupiter which was an honor to serve the three Gods. He had always been destined for greatness from the time he was born. In 61-60 BC his dominating career began. He served as the governor of...
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...The Penal Treatments of Offenders Prof. Dr. Ayman Elzeiny A:- The Ideology of Treatment : 'The abandonment of the word "punishment" in favor of "corrections" was a reflection of a trend favoring an approach to the offender much the same as would be made to the mentally ill, neglected, or underprivileged. It was based on a more humane ideology, a treatment model, in which criminal behavior is seen as a manifestation of pathology that can be handled by some form of therapeutic activity. However, although the criminal may be referred to as sick, a treatment ideology is not analogous to a medical approach. The justification for the comparison with physical and mental illness lies in the assumed need for the offender to recognize the danger and undesirability of his criminal behavior and make a significant effort to renounce it. The treatment model does not "remove" criminal behavior, as surgery might remove a malignancy or chemotherapy extinguish an infection; rather the "patient" or inmate is made to see the rewards of socially acceptable behavior and encouraged to adopt it as a mode of conduct for himself. (1) Contrary to some popular misconceptions, the treatment ideology does not mean that inmates are "coddled" and permitted to do as they please within an institution. ______________________________ (1) Sanford Bates, "The Establishment and Early Years of the Federal Probation System," Federal Probation 51 June 1987, p : 4-9. - National Advisory...
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...that most of us know. Roman conflict and the wars that they waged are explained in detail by historians and texts but interestingly enough, not much is given in the way of the thought process or motive behind the wars, nor about the people whom the Romans conquered. So what truly lay behind the Roman war machine then and how did they justify their actions as they fought with different people one after the other? Despite all the awe and wonder the Roman image seems to project in modern times, the way they justified their wars to themselves and to their people tells the tale on the what truly lay at the root of the empire. Rome was an empire that since its beginnings had rooted itself in conflict. As a result of all of the conflict that resulted from the line of king’s (especially the idea of just one ruler having so much power) the move was made towards a republic that would better serve...
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...The crusade notes By: Travis Finney Date: 4-8-13 Decline of Byzantium * Muslim saliqus won an important victory at manzikert in 1071. Byzantium factions then turned on each other in civil war allowing the saliqus almost free rein in Anatolia. * The Byzantium emperor asked Pope Urban 11 to help him against the Muslim’s. Pope Urban 11 * Urban’s speech would help launch the first of several crusades. Reasons for the crusades * The Pope hoped to unite the entire eastern Mediterranean and the divided Christian faith under the banner of the Latin Church. * Italy with large navies supported the crusades for commercial gains and trading routes. * The Byzantine Empire was in severe decline and no longer could act as a butler between the Muslim east and the Catholic west. * Christian pilgrims visiting the holy sites in Jerusalem began experiencing increased harassment and danger. The First Crusade * The word “Crusade” comes from the Spanish Crusade which means “marked with the cross” * The first Crusaders met the Muslim forces and won victories at Nicaea on June 19, 1097 and Anita on June 3, 1098. * By June 7, 1099 after a three year campaign 12,000 of the original 30,000 crusaders reached Jerusalem. * On July 15, the crusaders went over the city walls and unleashed unbridled carnage. Moslem counter attack * Most of all the crusaders returned to Europe after freeing Jerusalem creating a manpower shortage. * Moslem...
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...vast majority of the world. Their Empire made it possible to spread wealth and knowledge to the far corners of the world and lay down a base common knowledge that helped pave the path for people to follow. This paper shall look into the background of Rome and see what economic forces helped lead to the formation of such a formidable empire. What allowed these people to become so wealthy and construct a vast territory? Why was it easy for the Romans to do so much while many other nations are still set back in our day and age? The paper shall also look at the forces at work near the end of the Western Empire that brought an end to the glory and majesty of Rome and how this knowledge can perhaps produce a means of prevention of the same fate for the United States. The city of Rome became a Republic around the year 509 BC. By the end of the first century BC Rome controlled almost all of the known world (the Mediterranean area). Its system of government changed from that of a Republic to an autocracy with the creation of the Principite, under the first emperor, Augustus Caesar. With Caesar began the two centuries of the Pax Romana. During this time, the Roman Empire became a commonwealth of states and not a large number of conquered provinces and...
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