...friendship can skip generations for those in the same study, scientists often being compatible with those who worked before them and brought inspiration. This basic concept is seen in the compatibility and differences between Charles Dawkins and Richard Dawkins. These two scientists both have a long recorded history of progress in terms of evolution, but there are details and specifics in...
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...Hobbes V.S Darwin on Power Power is a complex concept that has been discussed since early ages. While the term power may refer to the physical definition of the rate of doing work, many philosophers may look at the word in its relation to human behavior. In a social context, power can be seen as having the authority to control another’s behavior using authority or force. Many philosophers alike have discussed the concept of power and how it shapes human mechanism and the society that we live in. They have determined whether power is an essential force for society to function and what circumstances may give an individual power over another individual. Two philosophers that discuss power, its meaning and its importance in philosophy are Thomas Hobbes and Charles Darwin. Thomas Hobbes in his book “The Leviathan”, emphasized that power is the driving force of the world. He argued that we are all under certain different power districts, meaning every human being falls under a superior. Hobbes categorized power into two types; Natural Power and Instrumental Power. Natural power as Hobbes stated “is the eminence of the faculties of body or mind, as extraordinary strength, form, prudence, arts, eloquence, liberty, nobility.”(Hobbes, 78). This means power that is derived naturally without effort. For example, an earthquake has greater power, or strength than a human being. Natural power is power that an individual cannot have any control over. Instrumental powers are...
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...Growing up, I was raised in church with my father being a pastor of a church in the community. I was taught the bible and the book of Genesis. The different beliefs that were instilled in me were to believe that God created man and woman. In evolutionary or ecology classes, we are introduced to the theory of where man came from amoeba-like organisms, or even that we evolved from apes. How did life of origin arise? The components of evolution might explain how, but Creation gives a reason to believe why. Origin of life’s existence, as well as age of the earth is a question that is looked under a microscope and probed through both biblical theories, as well as scientific. Looking at difference evidence, acceptance of creation is growing even in spite of scientists trying to prove evolution. Within this paper, there will be different pieces of evidence and facts supporting each theory and there will be an argument, within my conclusion, on which theory I support. The theory of creation can be explained through various books in the bible. Creationists use the Bible as the truth for which they believe the origin of life came into existence. In bible studies and bible school, we were taught that God took clay from the ground which he shaped to a man that he called Adam. A verse in the King James Version, of the Bible, mentions “and the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.” Then, the Lord made...
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...Are Modern Humans Still Evolving?In the year eighteen fifty-nine, Charles Darwin published a book which he called “The Origin of Species”. In this book Darwin theorized that populations evolve over the years through a process called natural selection. Darwin realized that in a population, more individuals were born than could possibly survive, he also recognized that the individuals that survived and reproduced were the ones with some sort of competitive advantage over rival animals, therefore they were more likely to pass their useful traits down to their offspring (Darwin, 1859). As this process of natural selection occurred for millions of years, these desirable traits that were once only prevalent in a few individual animals became common traits for entire species (Winston, 2009). There are countless amounts of evidence that suggest that humans owe their existence to evolution, however, many people are skeptical as to whether or not it is still occurring, and whether or not it is happening in the same way. Some scientists hold that the human race has reached “its biological pinnacle and is no longer capable of changing” (McKie, 2005, ¶1). Alternatively, some experts believe that humans are evolving faster than ever (Sample, 2007), and others believe it is still happening, just on different terms. There has not been any deciding evidence as to whether or not humans are still evolving, however, saying it isn’t happening is a very difficult position to defend. Gene mutations...
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...[Draw your reader in with an engaging abstract. It is typically a short summary of the document. When you’re ready to add your content, just click here and start typing.] Kimberly Watkins Kimberly Watkins Over the last 12 weeks I have spent a lot of time pondering the questions that have been presented in this course. What is the meaning of life? How do we live a meaningful life? Is there a meaning at all? Before this course, I can honestly say that these questions never really entered my mind. I always felt that I was here for a reason, but I could never clearly define what that reason was. Perhaps I never will. I grew up in a household where religion did not exist, my parents had been catholic in their younger years but throughout time they had lost their faith. They never prevented me from engaging myself in organized religion, but I had always found myself drawn to more of a non-believing science based thought process. Growing up I believed that I was an atheist which is simply defined as “a person who denies or disbelieves the existence of a supreme being or beings” (Merriam Webster, 2014). But that definition is so rigid and unmoving, and life is not like that, it’s not simply black and white. If I were to have to identify myself as having a particular belief now I would have to say that I believe in a combination of agnosticism and pantheism. An agnostic person is simply defined as “a person who holds that the existence of the ultimate cause, as god, as the essential...
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...One of the most intriguing topics to most is how life on Earth was created. Some people believe completely in origination from the Bible. Others believe in evolution. To go further in depth, Charles Darwin made his own theory that involves natural selection, also known as Darwinism. This is a very controversial topic, especially when it comes to what is taught in schools. People get very heated when it comes to this. Evolution is defined as the change in inherited characteristics of populations to become successful. Scientists use this as an explanation for how humans and all other species were created. It all originated from the proposal that one type of animal could descend from another type of animal. Evolution is skimmed over in schools, but is never really taught in depth, at least in my case. I can tell someone the basics of evolution, but that’s as far I can cover. According to Darwin, it is important for natural variation to take place. This allows a species to change, improve, and adjust to the ever changing climate. Without variation, all species would be like clones, never adapting and soon would die. There have to be certain traits that make another type of the same species better than the other. The species with the bad traits will get killed off and the one with the good traits will get to pass on its genes. Creationism is basically the mixture of evolution and religion. Creationists believe that everything scientists find to prove religion wrong, is just what...
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...Nature vs. Nurture in Psychology PSYCH 101 Nature vs. Nurture in Psychology What makes you think, feel, and behave the way you do? Were you born predisposed to live the life you are currently living, or were you born a blank canvas upon which your experiences gave shape and expression to the person you are today? These are the types of questions the Nature vs. Nurture debate has posed and scientists have probed for over a century. In this paper we will look at some of the aspects of this debate the scientific community does not attend to, or dismisses, the origin and history of this debate, the essential characteristics around which this issue is debated, and where scientists are today in understanding this issue. What are your thoughts on the Nature vs. Nurture argument? Sir Galton wrote in his book English Men of Science (1874), “Nature is all that a man brings with him into the world; nurture is every influence that affects him after his birth,” (p. 12). I have been led to believe that our biology (nature), our environment (nurture), and our cognitive abilities all interplay and influence our resulting personality and other existing traits. We are, as Myers (2012) continuously asserts, biopsychosocial beings (p.124). These aspects of our existence work in accord to actuate the developmental potential written into our genetic code. Where I think there is a deficiency in the theories proffered, in attempt to answer the Nature vs. Nurture...
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...McClure, 2004)? After considering the definition in my textbooks and course materials, my meaning of a myth would be a hard to believe story that we are uncertain how authentic it is that is usually told either inspire or warn people. The most well-known mythological topics across various cultures are continuity and stability to a culture, guidelines for and explain the purpose of living, justify a culture’s actions, clarify the unexplained, and offer role models. Similar or universal themes of myths are addressed far and wide by diverse cultures because humans need to know and understand where they came from, why the world exists, and what their purpose in life is. The differences are from the cultural responses to the various questions and need for answers (Rosenberg, 2006). Some individuals believe that mankind was created by God while others believe that it was created...
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...The first and most important rule of legitimate or popular government, that is to say, of government whose object is the good of the people, is therefore, as I have observed, to follow in everything the general will. But to follow this will it is 5 necessary to know it, and above all to distinguish it from the particular will, beginning with one's self: this distinction is always very difficult to make, and only the most sublime virtue can afford sufficient illumination for it. As, in order to will, it is necessary to be free, a difficulty no less great than the 10 former arises — that of preserving at once the public liberty and the authority of government. Look into the motives which have induced men, once united by their common needs in a general society, to unite themselves still more intimately by means of civil societies: you will find no other motive than that of 15 assuring the property, life and liberty of each member by the protection of all. But can men be forced to defend the liberty of any one among them, without trespassing on that of others? And how can they provide for the public needs, without alienating the individual property of those who are forced to contribute to 20 them? With whatever sophistry all this may be covered over, it is certain that if any constraint can be laid on my will, I am no longer free, and that I am no longer master of my own property...
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...Traditional histories of biology generally target two areas that merged into modern biological science: medicine and natural history. The tradition of medicine dates back to the work of ancient Greek medical practitioners such as Hippocrates of Kos (b. 460 B.C.E.) and to figures such as Galen of Pergamum (c. 130–c. 200), who contributed much to early understanding of anatomy and physiology. The tradition of natural history dates back to the work of Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.). Especially important are his History of Animals and other works where he showed naturalist leanings. Also important is the work of Aristotle's student Theophrastus (d. 287 B.C.E.), who contributed to an understanding of plants. Aristotle and Theophrastus contributed not only to zoology and botany, respectively, but also to comparative biology, ecology, and especially taxonomy (the science of classification). Both natural history and medicine flourished in the middle ages, though work in these areas often proceeded independently. Medicine was especially well studied by Islamic scholars working in the Galenic and Aristotelian traditions, while natural history drew heavily on Aristotelian philosophy, especially in upholding a fixed hierarchy of life. The Roman naturalist Caius Plinius Secundus (23–79), known as Pliny, also had a major influence on natural history during the middle ages, notably through his compendium Natural History (later shown to be rife with errors of fact). Without doubt the most outstanding contributor...
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...atoms of the same kinds, arranged in exactly the same pattern as the original. A teleportation machine would be like a fax machine, except that it would work on 3-dimensional objects as well as documents, it would produce an exact copy rather than an approximate facsimile, and it would destroy the original in the process of scanning it. A few science fiction writers consider teleporters that preserve the original, and the plot gets complicated when the original and teleported versions of the same person meet; but the more common kind of teleporter destroys the original, functioning as a super transportation device, not as a perfect replicator of souls and bodies. In 1993 an international group of six scientists, including IBM Fellow Charles H. Bennett, confirmed the intuitions of the majority of science fiction writers by showing that perfect teleportation is indeed possible in principle, but only if the original is destroyed. In subsequent years, other scientists have demonstrated teleportation experimentally in a variety of systems, including single photons, coherent light fields, nuclear spins, and trapped ions. Teleportation promises to be quite useful as an information processing primitive, facilitating long range quantum communication (perhaps unltimately leading to a...
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...fact. A theory is something that is thought to have happened or why something happens etc. but a theory is something that hasn’t been proven. When someone’s theory is proven it is considered a fact. So with knowing this I must agree that Evolution is just a theory because there is no complete proof or evidence to prove support or back up the theory of evolution. Therefore due to the definition of a fact and theory evolution must be a theory. Too me Gravity is not a theory. I believe this because gravity has laws; each law explains how gravity works. When these laws are tested in both environments with and without gravity the laws are proven to be true and work. Therefore due to the definition of a Fact in my personal opinion gravity would be a fact since the laws of it can be proven to be true. Video 2 essay: Why was Darwin considered to be a “revolutionary”? Charles Darwin is one of the most famous biologists in history. With a Theory called Natural selection he helped prove that biology makes since and how all species evolve to be designed how they are over time. As he studied the Galapagos Islands off South America he observed many different species of animals. He looked at how they reacted around each other, and things like how a population of a species would survive. As he went against all boundaries of other scientists he made his theory of Natural selection of survival of the fittest. Darwins Theory of Natural selection basically means that whatever species...
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...Art/Science/Reform Charles Darwin -2 influential books 1) “On the Origin of Species” (1859) 2) “Decentive Man” (1877) -Focused on what he was interested in -Makes a voyage on a ship named HMS Beagle to the Galapagos Islands. He made Discoveries about Finches – he writes about this in “On the Origin of Species.” -People who were into these types of discoveries were known as Naturalists or Scientists. Science was seen as a hobby -Religious -Firm creationists -His discoveries made him change his religious viewpoint -Because of him, science starts to become respected -He only talks about these controversial ideas with his closest friends T. H. Huxley -one of Darwin’s closest friends -His nickname was “Darwins Bulldog” -Had a middle class background -He was trying to live as a scientist. He was angry because science wasn’t respected. -Says science is all facts while religion is something where you can say whatever you want. -He pushes Darwin to publish “On the Origin of Species” (he doesn’t publish it until 20 years later) -He was aggressive and said he would defend Darwin -This all leads to religious doubt Scientists are agnostics – don’t know if there is a God or not. There is no proof and evidence is not available to determine if there is or isn’t a God. German Higher Criticism -A bunch of philosophers of the 1870s basically trying to save the Bible from science fiction -Argue that you have to get rid of the...
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...Why Should People Hate Science? Science has conquered so many diseases and is promising to cure genetic diseases and even grow us new organs. It has given us mobile phones, tablets and computers that have reduced the global village to a global mall; and yet, there are people who still refuse to accept the power of science as the major agent of change in our society. Some people find it easier to believe that special people can cure serious diseases by simply placing their hands on the diseased, while others cannot accept the fact that human beings evolved from lower animals by a process of Natural Selection over billions of years. Locally, it is a no-brainer that the lack of science teaching at a primary level has had a negative lasting effect on people, and this can be seen in newspaper, radio and TV station editors, opinionists, politicians and talk-show hosts, all of which wield the power of mass media and can influence public opinion and what people think. Unfortunately, many of them are educating the masses in the concept of GIGO - Garbage In Garbage Out. GIGO is an interesting concept that refers to the fact that people are continously bombarded by pseudo-scientific and mistaken ideas, and eventually start believing their veracity and transmit them to others. These people are not necessarily uneducated individuals, but usually pick the information online and reinforce false opinions by choosing websites that agree with their views. For example, they follow...
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...from first to most recent (our own), believed essentially the same creation story is astonishing in its consistency. Naturally, such long-term consistency made it extremely difficult to challenge when the accumulation of scientific evidence could no longer be ignored. Charles Darwin is usually credited with issuing the first call for a rational examination of divine creation as the belief system regarding the origins of life and humanity. However, in his 1859 classic, The Origin Of Species, he skirted both issues in an attempt to placate his era’s dominant power structure—organized religion. Though he used the word "origin" in the title, he was careful to discuss only how species developed from each other, not how life originated. And he simply avoided discussing humanity’s origins. Ultimately, pressure from both supporters and critics forced him to tackle that thorny issue in 1871’s The Descent Of Man; but Charles Darwin was never comfortable at the cutting edge of the social debate he helped engineer. The true roots of the challenge to divine creation extend 65 years prior to Darwin, back to 1795, when two men—a naturalist and a geologist—published stunning works. The naturalist was Erasmus Darwin, Charles Darwin’s grandfather, a brilliant intellectual in his own right. In The Laws Of Organic Life he suggested that population numbers drove competition for resources, that...
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