...Chapter 52 A. Introduction 1. Historical Perspective. Begin by indicating why pollution control laws have been enacted. Point out that pollution and pollution laws have existed for centuries, although the 1970's saw an unprecedented amount of environmental legislation, due partly to the increased affluence of our nation at that time and the increasing concern about the longterm effects of pollutants. Note that the interest in environmental problems has taken on global dimensions in the late 1980s and early 1990s; note also that environmental laws and regulations significantly affect not only how companies can do business but also the cost of doing it. At the same time they can provide business opportunities and, in some cases, advantages. 2. Environmental Protection Agency. Point out that EPA has the primary responsibility at the federal level for developing environmental regulations and enforcing the environmental laws. List the major environmental statutes and briefly describe them so that the student has a sense of the breadth of the laws covered in this chapter. Note that a number of the statutes are implemented at the state level with EPA exercising an oversight role. You should note that many states and local governments have enacted pollution control laws; you might want to present examples of state and local laws. 3. The National Environmental Policy Act. Emphasize that the rationale for NEPA, and the environmental impact statements required by NEPA...
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...to impose a ban and/or a fine for the distribution and use of plastic bags on all states because of the devastation caused globally every year. Organizational Pattern: Problem Cause Solution Order Introduction: A. (Attention getter) When we throw something away, something as simple as a plastic bag, we often don’t think of where it will end up or the journey it takes to its permanent home. We don’t care what happens next; however, 86% of you stated, in my audience analysis, that we do need to be concerned with plastic pollution in Nebraska (Audience Analysis). (show plastic bag video) B....
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...Elise Miller May 7, 2014 Public Address M/W @9am Speech 4 Surfrider Foundation: Save our Oceans! Attention Step (Introduction)- Attention Getter: I want everyone to think about something they love. Something that gives you enjoyment. Now imagine that something taken away from you and there is nothing you can do to bring it back. BUT there was something you could have done to prevent its extinction. That something for me is the ocean. It is my playground, it is my place of solitude, it is my home. Psychological Orientation: Now I understand that not all of you are lovers of the ocean. Some may even be scared of its power and the uncertainty that it radiates. But what you may not realize is that you don’t need to like the sea or live near a beach to be connected to the ocean. Oceans and coasts affect people’s lives every day, around the world. People need air to breathe, water to drink, food to eat, new medicines, a climate we can live in, beauty, inspiration and recreation. We need to know we belong to something bigger than ourselves. We want a better future for those we care about. Because the oceans are the largest ecosystems on Earth, they are the Earth’s largest life support systems. To survive and prosper, we all need healthy oceans. ‘Oceans generate half of the oxygen people breathe. At any given moment, more than 97% of the world’s water resides in oceans. Oceans provide a sixth of the animal protein people eat’-I bet you didn’t know that. (Huber, 2010) They’re...
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...Oceanic Damage: What have we done to our planet? Negative press, research, and reports from around the world raised issues regarding our problematic oceans. Misguided and crucial errors humans make harm oceans using unsustainable practices which eventually eliminate many species of sea creatures and destroy the water they inhabit and we need for our survival as well. Countries around the world have been heavily positively praised while some have been lauded negatively, for instance, the United States. A crying shame how most countries on Earth seem in continuing spiraling towards ecological harm in an abundance of forms, regarding ocean garbage, coral reefs and oil spills over a twenty-five year period have caused our oceans’ ecology suffering to escalate. Incidents regarding a floating garbage patch in the Pacific, even cruise ships repeating sewage and garbage dumping are atrocious. The problem is, most people do not pay attention and take situations such as these as non-existent. Evidence documented over decades suggest our oceans’ trouble will continue unless change happens sooner rather than later. Change in how we respond to problems should not take years for resolution, because some of the damage may be minute and builds up over time, while some comes in big bunches that there is not time to waste in resolving. In some of these cases, years elapsed before any significant progress had been made, resulting in more damage than first observed. The problems have similarities...
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...to concern Government Education Economic Definition • ❖ Environmental ethics • ❖ Protection of environment • ❖ Overview worldwide environmental problematic (Introduction to the problem) Global warming Main types of pollution Preservation of trees Animal experimentation Disagreement • Business Utilitarianism Anthropocentric ethics Kantian theory Counterargument Agreement To future generation Giving a great habitat to animals Biocentric ethics Ecocentric ethics Conclusion We live with the world Introduction: Since the environment problem has taken attention in today's society, there have been number of opinions about our obligations with nature. Some people claim that human has the right to act and that nature is here just to satisfy human desires and needs. In the other hand, there is a group of people who state that this argument sound egoist because we are not the only species living in this world and we should share this earth with species. “Individuals can not be used as merely as a means to the end- there are ends in themselves” Kant basic ideas here are that persons have the position to make rational choice about their own lives. They have moral autonomy and fee will. This fact about person confers dignity upon them. They command respect. To treat people as a mean to some other end, be it own welfare or that of others, it is fail to respect their dignity” (Jhon O'Neill, 2008, p. 34) We can...
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...Content Water they say is life, and indeed they were right. With about 70% of the earth’s cover being water; it undeniably becomes one of our greatest resources. Water resources are used in various ways including direct consumption, agricultural irrigation, fisheries, hydropower, industrial production, recreation, navigation, environmental protection, the disposal and treatment of sewage, and industrial effluents. Water has sources and supplies, economic, social, and political characteristics which make it a unique and challenging natural resource to manage. Water resources refer to the supply of groundwater and surface water in a given area. Water resources may also reference the current or potential value of the resource to the community and the environment. The maximum rate that water is potentially available for human use and management is often considered the best measure of the total water resources of a given region. With two thirds of the earth's surface covered by water and the human body consisting of 75 percent of it, it is evidently clear that water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth. Water circulates through the land just as it does through the human body, transporting, dissolving, replenishing nutrients and organic matter, while carrying away waste material. Further in the body, it regulates the activities of fluids, tissues, cells, lymph, blood and glandular secretions. An average adult body contains 42 litres of water and with just...
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...Alternative Energy Sources Geology Many people believe that we must depend on fossil fuels for energy, where as the reality of it is the earth provides an abundance of renewable energy sources. These energy sources can produce enough energy that we would never have to use fossil fuels again. Alternative energy is the use of other energy sources instead of the use of fossil fuels or nuclear energy. Solar power can be used to operate cars and provide electricity to homes and businesses. Hydropower can be used to provide electric power to small towns and cities. Geothermal power can heat up buildings or water to power turbines to make energy. Wind power can be used to pump water and generate electricity. So let’s start with solar power since it is the most known of the group. Energy from the sun is one of the most abundant resources available today out of the alternative group. It is one of the most important of the non-conventional energy sources as well, because it does not pollute the earth. “One of the reasons for this is that the total energy we receive each year from the sun is around 35,000 times the total energy used by man”. (Alternative Energy Sources) One way to capture the sun’s energy is through the use of solar panels made out of Photovoltaic cells, which are commonly called (PV) cells. These panels can be used on homes, businesses, greenhouses, water heaters, traffic lights, or grouped together as a solar power plant. PV cells can transform the sun’s energy...
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...GLOBAL WARMING: Energy, Fall 2005 v30 i4 p36(2) It could get a lot warmer. (GLOBAL WARMING) Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2005 Business Communications Company, Inc. If humans continue to use fossil fuels in a business as usual manner for the next few centuries, the polar ice caps will be depleted, ocean sea levels will rise by seven meters and median air temperatures will soar to 14.5 degrees warmer than current day. These are the stunning results of climate and carbon cycle model simulations conducted by scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. By using a coupled climate and carbon cycle model to look at global climate and carbon cycle changes, the scientists found that the earth would warm by 8 degrees Celsius (14.5 degrees Fahrenheit) if humans use the entire planet's available fossil fuels by the year 2300. The jump in temperature would have alarming consequences for the polar ice caps and the ocean, said lead author Govindasamy Bala of the Laboratory's Energy and Environment Directorate. In the polar regions alone, the temperature would spike more than 20 degrees Celsius, forcing the land in the region to change from ice and tundra to boreal forests. "The temperature estimate is actually conservative because the model didn't take into consideration changing land use such as deforestation and build-out of cities into outlying wilderness areas," Bala said. Today's level of atmospheric carbon dioxide is 380 parts per million (ppm). By the year 2300, the model...
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...SR. NO. | TOPICS | 1 | Acknowledgement | 2 | Introduction OF Water Pollution | 3 | Types of Water Pollution | 4 | Water Pollution Effects | 5 | Ganga River pollution in India | 6 | Extent of problem in West Bengal | 7 | CONSEQUENCES IN KOLKATA AS A RESULT OF WATER POLLUTION | 8 | Water Pollution Solutions | 9 | Water Pollution Preventions | 10 | “Ganga Action Plan” (GAP) | 11 | Conclusion | Introduction Water Pollution India is a land with many beautiful rivers and countryside. In India many of the rivers are considered to be holy, but water pollution in India has caused many of the rivers to be too polluted for use. Water pollution is a very serious problem in India which is the second most populous nation in the world. It is estimated that over 70% of all of India’s surface water is polluted in some way and many of the groundwater reserves have also been contaminated as a result of biological and industrial pollutants. As more and mre water becomes polluted the water pollution in India gets more and more severe. Many rivers have been deemed to be unsafe for human consumption which leads to water scarcity. Water pollution in India also makes irrigating crops difficult. If the water supply is too polluted to drink it should not be used for watering crops. With limited sources of water and pollution increasing every day India is facing a serious water crisis. Water pollution is becoming a huge problem which is faced by all of the human existence...
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...advancements were developed. In addition to the many inventions, urbanization expanded, factories were built, and the environment suffered negative impacts due to air pollution, deforestation, and many other factors. Three of the most negatively impacted inventions to the environment, were the Canal, The Railroad and Locomotive, and the Automobile. There were some positive impacts to these three inventions, but the environment unfortunately was not one of them. Dewitt Clinton was one of the men behind the invention of the Erie Canal. Although history has stated that the idea was not originated by Clinton, he was a significant factor in the process. History states that an imprisoned flour merchant by the name of Jesse Hawley He envisioned building a canal across New York State. His initial goal was to provide an alternate route to help others navigate between the Great Lakes, the Hudson River, and the Atlantic Ocean. Hawley developed the idea after failed attempts to successfully transport his own products. Construction started in 1817 and was completed in 1825. The actual mileage span was documented at 350 miles. Before its closure in 1882, it became a very successful resource which led to other states building canals. The amount was estimated at around 7 million in total costs. There were many environmental concerns as well as impacts during construction and the duration of the canals operation. One environmental impact “available through record shows Environmental Issues and...
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...Leah Finmark Bus 513 Proposition Paper Drilling off Shore in the U.S. Introduction There is a lot of conflict today about the United States drilling for oil off shore. Oil is a huge commodity of the entire world and is hugely demanded. However, off shore drilling is hazardous to both the economy and the environment and could potentially get worse. Oil spills are a largely known negative externality that is related with offshore development. There will always be pros and cons about drilling for oil. The big question is: should we or should we not drill off shore? Literature Review One reason we should not drill for oil in the United States is because it is dangerous and could be disastrous to the environment. The recent BP spill in 2010 killed 11 workers and caused months of leakage into the ocean. Per Katherine Goldstein “This oil spill has obtained the dubious distinction of being the worst oil spill in US history.” This spill was caused by an explosion while drilling off shore in the Gulf of Mexico. This caused leaking of about 5,000 barrels of oil a day. To try to stop the leaking, several attempts were made which included controlled burning and plugging the leak, both unsuccessful. This has a huge impact on our ecosystems even though it can take months or possibly years to surface. Louisiana was most impacted by this spill. They are the closest to the leaking well and over 100 miles of the coast had been polluted. Per David Adam “State officials have...
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...Far North Island College | Fish Farming | Benefits and Costs | Hailey Devitt 3/28/2011 | English 160 Module # 4 & 5 Assignment # 5 Formal Report North Island College Section: Distance Submitted To Derek Hanebury March 28, 2011 Submitted by: Ms. H. Devitt Table of contents Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………….Page 1 Introduction & Background……………………………………………………………………………………Page 2 Major Issues…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Page 2 & 3 Benefits………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Page 3 & 4 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………Page 4 Works Cited……………………………………………………………………………………………….………….Page 5 Executive Summary Fish farming in Canada has recently taken quite the spotlight, for good or for worse that is the question that needs to be addressed. I feel the negatives greatly outshine the positives at this point in time; the wild salmon stocks are currently in danger and fish farming is taking double the amount of wild salmon to produce half the amount of farmed fish. The fish coming from the farms are dubious to say the least; they produce a chemical, disease ridden product that is not beneficial for consumption. There are many issues around the benefits of the actual fish, and what it might do to the wild if they are interbred and mixed among the wild salmon. However like everything along with the negatives come some benefits of these farms. There is a major industry...
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...Alec Petersdorf Mr. Groom AP English 2 November 2015 Word Count: 513 Why Dihydrogen Monoxide Should be Outlawed The spread and use of a dangerous chemical, known as dihydrogen monoxide, has grown to epidemic proportions. This colorless, odorless liquid compound can induce severe respiratory damage and/or failure if inhaled and its solid form can cause extreme tissue damage and necrosis over a long period of time. In addition, dihydrogen monoxide is a major contributing factor to the degradation of our nation’s infrastructure and environment. Because of its destruction of the environment and many various health risks, the substance should be outlawed. First, look at the slew of detrimental health effects that dihydrogen monoxide has on the...
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...The Biophysical Foundations of Indian Cities Imagining Bangalore What do we not see on this map (or any other map)? Bangalore (like any other city) is a living organism • This is from my nephew’s 1st grade science book – Living things breathe – Living things need food – Living things excrete – Living things grow (usually only for a part of their lives) – Living things die The Problem • We understand a lot about Bangalore’s circulatory system – The flow of rupee and (especially) dollar through the city. – The circulatory system is what economics and business is interested in. • However, what about the digestive system? – What does Bangalore consume? – What does Bangalore excrete? What are these metabolic flows? • • • • Food (Organic waste and sewerage) Energy (air pollution) Water (BWSSB) Metals and plastic (recyclable waste) • Metabolic flows share a two-way relationship with the circulatory system Three ways to characterise metabolism • Social Justice – How are the flows distributed between different people in the city? • Ecological sustainability – What volume of flow is sustainable? • Economic Efficiency – How are the flows distributed between different activities in the city? • Bangalore as a living organism is sick and unhealthy on all three counts – The political economy of distribution is fraught with all sorts of inequity – Most metabolic flows are not physically sustainable – The flows are often not economically efficient...
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...weather (including its averages). For example, it could show up as a change in climate normal’s (expected average values for temperature and precipitation) for a given place and time of year, from one decade to the next. We know that the global climate is currently changing. The last decade of the 20th Century and the beginning of the 21st have been the warmest period in the entire global instrumental temperature record, starting in the mid-19th century. Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific consensus maintains that climate change is due primarily to the human use of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air. The gases trap heat within the atmosphere, which can have a range of effects on ecosystems, including rising sea levels, severe weather events, and droughts that render landscapes more susceptible to wildfires. Climate change is a large-scale, long-term shift in the planet's weather patterns or average temperatures. Earth has had tropical climates and ice ages many times in its 4.5 billion years. So what's happening now? Since the last ice age, which ended about 11,000 years ago, Earth's climate has been relatively stable at about 14 °C. However, in recent years, the average temperature has been increasing. * Higher temperatures Scientific research shows that the climate - that is, the average temperature of the planet's surface - has risen...
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