...World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has ensured that its specifications can be implemented on a royalty- free basis. Standards will be maintained by not for profit organizations, and it’s ongoing development. Some of the benefits are companies are not locked into a specific technology and/or vendor. This makes it easy to use different forms of communications and technologies with in one company or business. It also makes the exchange and the interchange of data a lot smoother. 2) Layered architecture will help accelerate the application development of processes. A model is defined as a set of elements, (forms, queries, methods or fields) captured in metadata and stored in specific layers of a model store. This allows less code writing and faster solutions. Large and complex systems that are constantly being updated, the ability to be able to change the implementation of a service without affecting the other components of the system. 3) A protocol is a set of rules that defines how things are to be done, a standard method that’s agreed upon for passing or transmitting data between devices. The internet is an example of successful protocol-based system in which the implementation of key qualities of protocols such as error and correction and message formatting is utilized across a wide variety of hardware and software. 4) There are four different types of networks: a) Local area network (LAN) is a network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as...
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...current network and ways to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our network system. The following problems have been researched and addressed in the following pages: 1. Toll charges are currently being applied to communications between Los Angeles (LA) and Miami offices 2. Network upgrade needs to be implemented to remain competitive a. Eliminate all interoffice toll charges b. No adverse effects on the Wide Area Network (WAN) c. Diagram the network layout The current network has been around for a while and is in desperate need of upgrade. It is my belief that the upgrade should begin at the local area networks (LANs) in both Miami and LA. Only by upgrading both offices equally, can we expect to achieve the efficiency which we desire. The recommended changes should be enough to lower the collective overhead and operational expenses while preparing the company for continued future growth. To implement this growth, many challenges will be faced while creating a WAN solution for this business. The primary focus areas consist of the ability to connect when desired and the security and reliability of our connections while maintaining cost effectiveness. Wireless WAN connectivity from a reliable server can play a very important part in the implementation of these challenges. A broadband connection in addition to wireless WAN...
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...Raven Williams January 14, 2016 NT: 1210 Intro to Networking 1. What are open standards, and what, if any, are the advantages of such standards? Open Standards" are standards made available to the general public and are developed (or approved) and maintained via a collaborative and consensus driven process. "Open Standards" facilitate interoperability and data exchange among different products or services and are intended for widespread adoption. 2. In general, why would a layered architecture be viewed as beneficial? The Benefits of Layered Application Other applications will be able to reuse the functionality exposed by your layers. You will be able to distribute your layers over multiple physical tiers. This can make a very good impact on your application by Improving performance (sometimes), scalability and fault tolerance. The maintenance of your application is easier because of the low coupling between layers. Adding more functionality to your application is made easier. Layers make your application more testable. Building a well formed layers makes the orientation in your application easier. Having your application not layered means that you have to deal with all security threats in one place which is very difficult. Having your application distributed to layers makes it much easier for design and implement Without a good deployment plan it is not trivial to distribute your layers over multiple physical tiers in distributed computing. You need...
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...threats. Networking hardware is hardware that is used to help work stations connect to a server. What will be used on the wireless network will be the WPA2 encryption standard, Special hardware will be implemented when using WPA2 to work properly. The hardware that will be chosen would be routers, and switches. By using both along with firewall protection it will help protect not only the network but those networks that use Ethernet cabling. Each desktop will run Norton Anti-Virus. Norton will run the update programs automatically whenever there is an update to be made. This software along with the firewall will keep Kudler’s Fine Foods network safe and secure. Security Concerns Security should be the top priority for the network within an organization, and for the growth of the business. One of the concerns would be the mobile devices on the network. Smartphones and IPhone are effectively small computers and face many of those same threats that personal computers or laptops risk for those organizations. One thing that Kudler’s Fine Foods should install would be Norton Mobile Security. This offers an advance antitheft feature that will let you remotely lock your phone if it is lost or stolen, remotely erase sensitive information, block fraudulent websites designed to trick you into revealing personal information, and the Norton Mobile Security automatically scans all apps and app updates you download to your phone for threats. Distinguish between local area networks, wide area...
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...that is almost magical. Telecommunications and computer networking have vastly increased our options on how and what we communicate, they have physically constrained us by leashing us with a physical wire to the network. But wireless communications brings us back to a form of communications that is inherently natural to us. There are three main types of networks that will be discussed on this paper, namely Local Area Network (LAN), Control Area Network (CAN), and Wide Area Network (WAN) (Rysavy, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to know what each of these networks are, how they work, and how each of them can be implemented. LAN Network: This is a data communications network connecting terminals, computers and printers within a building or other geographical limited areas. These devices could be connected through wired cables or wireless links. Ethernet, Token Ring and Wireless LAN using IEEE 802.11 are examples of standard LAN technologies. Local Area Network could be interconnected using Wide Area Network (WAN) or Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) technologies. The common WAN technologies include TCP/IP, ATM, and Frame Relay. LANs are traditionally used to connect a group of people who are in the same local area. However, the working group are becoming more geographically distributed in today's working environment, making virtual LAN. VLAN technologies are defined for people in different places to share the same networking resource (Edraw visualization solutions, 2015). Implementing...
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...course that outlines data communications; wide area networks; circuit and packet switching; routing; congestion control; local area networks; communications architecture and protocols; internetworking. Pre-requisites By topic: • Programming language (such as C++) • Basic understanding of probability theory and data structures • Basic understanding of the internal operations of computers By course: • STAT 230 Probability and Random Variables, and EECE 330 Data Structures and Algorithms. Instructor Ayman Kayssi Office: 404, Raymond Ghosn Building (RGB) Office Hours: Monday 2 – 3:30 pm and by appointment Extension: 3499 Email: ayman@aub.edu.lb Web: aub.edu/~ayman Messaging: +961 3 965 258 LinkedIn: lb.linkedin.com/in/aymankayssi Twitter: akayssi Facebook: akayssi Course objectives The objectives of this course are to give students: An understanding of the basic principles of computer networking An overview of the main technologies used in computer networks An overview of internetworking principles and how the Internet protocols, routing, and applications operate The basic background in computer networks that will allow them to practice in this field, and that will form the foundation for more advanced courses in networking The basic skills needed to write network applications. Topics covered in this course Introductory concepts Physical media Link layer and local area networks Packet switching Internetworking...
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...Networking When you have two or more computers connected to each other, you have a network. The purpose of a network is to enable the sharing of files and information between multiple systems. The Internet could be described as a global network of networks. Computer networks can be connected through cables, such as Ethernet cables or phone lines, or wirelessly, using wireless networking cards that send and receive data through the air. LAN - Local Area Network A LAN connects network devices over a relatively short distance. A networked office building, school, or home usually contains a single LAN, though sometimes one building will contain a few small LANs (perhaps one per room), and occasionally a LAN will span a group of nearby buildings. InTCP/IP networking, a LAN is often but not always implemented as a single IP subnet. In addition to operating in a limited space, LANs are also typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single person or organization. They also tend to use certain connectivity technologies, primarily Ethernet and Token Ring WAN - Wide Area Network As the term implies, a WAN spans a large physical distance. The Internet is the largest WAN, spanning the Earth. A WAN is a geographically-dispersed collection of LANs. A network device called a routerconnects LANs to a WAN. In IP networking, the router maintains both a LAN address and a WAN address. A WAN differs from a LAN in several important ways. Most WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by...
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...THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION PAPER JEANETTE SANDERS XACC/210 JUNE 8, 2014 RICHARD VINCENT Abstract THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION PAPER Thirty years age most financing accounting was done by hand, which indeed left a long paper trail. “Currently, most accounting information is recorded via computers and wide area networks (Journal of Accountancy, 1994). Technology has changed the face of accounting over the last fifty years. It is unclear whether technology’s has an impact on accounting which can be interpret as being positive and negative. It is clear that technology has changed the accounting period. Some of the impacts of technology are either positive or negative which are simply changes, The impacts of technology on accounting field has been positive, negative and neutral, but the impact results cause an demand on the profession to confirm ti the changes but sudden results ti cause a huge demand the profession to conform to the changes. The advantage of technology is the various tools that it has provided. One example would be computer-integrated manufacturing, communications technology, Image processing and the Internet. An example of the many tools of technology whose purpose is to provide detailed and correct information in a short period of time. The advantage of technology is computer-integrated manufacturing technology. Computer –integrated manufacturing has a significant and positive...
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...Link layers of the OSI, performing any type of serial interface. This technology was developed at an attempt to resolve some of the communication problems that the other protocols would not. There was an increased need for higher speeds, an increased need for larger bandwidth efficiency, an increase in intelligent network devices that lower protocol processing, and the need to connect LANs and WANs. The Frame relay evolved passed the X.25 as a less careful, but less burdensome protocol designed to transmit packets across a network. (Horton, 2010) Frame relay is known all around the world in many different networks. There are many terms that describe and refer to Frame relay and Wide Area Networking in telecommunications. These terms are also noted when referring to Local Area Networking as well. The table below describes these terms. (Horton, 2010) Table 1 – Frame Relay Terms CIR Committed Information Rate – the minimum level of throughput as guaranteed by the service provider. DCE Data Circuit-terminating Equipment – a device on the service provider's network that connects to the customer's DTE. DTE Data Terminal Equipment – a device at the customer's site that connects to the service provider's DCE. DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier – a 10-bit number used...
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...Objectives and Assignments Week 7 Instructor: Thomas W. Chappell, PhD. Office Hours (For appointments): Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday 3:30 – 6:00 PM Objectives: Complete current week’s assignments submissions Important Notes: Attendance in class is critical to your accomplishments Missing class is missing valuable information that will help you succeed and accomplish your goals Please attend every class for success in your field! Grading Policy: * Please read the last page of your syllabus which will be covered in week one. * Missing labs will be made up at 80% after the first week, 70% the after the second week and 0% the third week. * Quizzes will not be made up. * Students can potentially be dropped by the Dean of Academic Affairs after missing 4 or 5 cumulative classes. * Students who miss three consecutive class will be dropped by the Dean of Academic Affairs * Assignments and Labs will be counted at 0% after three weeks. Course Objectives Covered by This Unit * CO1 Identify the major needs and stakeholders for computer networks and network applications * CO2 Identify the classifications of networks and how they are applied to various types of enterprises * CO3 Compare and contrast the OSI and TCP/IP models and their applications to actual networks * CO4 Explain the functionality and use of typical network protocols * CO5 Analyze...
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...a high level network for ABC Company we will provide a basic written infrastructure of both the local and wide area networks we are to build for them, being such an early stage this document is subject to change. This design includes the infrastructure for the corporate headquarters located in San Francisco, as well as the other design centers in Detroit, Paris, Tokyo, and Sao Paulo. We then follow up by explaining the infrastructure of the sales offices, which may not require as high grade of equipment as the design centers depending on its requirements. Finishing with the overview of the entire wide area network, connecting each site to the corporate headquarters which is where we will begin our design. The corporate office being the main headquarters will include many services such as file, print, email, directory, and application. These services will be separated onto at least two different servers due to the constant strain we may see from directory and email services. If necessary we will implement an application server as well to run any in-house programs the company may be familiar with. We also suggest the use of a database server dedicated to storing and providing access to its information throughout the network, which would also need to maintain a backup located nearby or even off site. Finally we will also implement a PBX server in order to provide world-wide telecommunication through VoIP software and the use of the PSTN. All of the offices will be cabled using...
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...CSC621 Business Data Communications and Networking Chapter 1: Introduction to Data Communication Submitted By: Sreedhar Thotakuri Student ID – Sthota9299 Sullivan Univeristy Professor: Dr. Nathan P. Johnson Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions 7. How do LANs differ from MANs, WANs, and BNs? Answer: A Local Area Network (LANs) are a group of computers located in the same general Area usually in a small defined area like one floor or work area and uses shared LANs support high-speed data transmission compared with standard telephone circuits, commonly operating 100 million bits per second (100 Mbps). (Fitzgerald, Dennis, & Durcikova, 2012) A Metropolitan area network (MANs) covers a city or county area usually span between 3 and 30 miles, MAN is provided by common carriers like telephone companies. MANs data transmission usually ranges from 64 Kbps t0 100 Mbps. (Fitzgerald, 2012). Wide area network (WAN) covers city, state or national boundaries and it covers hundreds or thousands of miles and it provides data transmission ranging from 64kbps to 10Gbps(Fitzgerald, 2012). Back bone network (BN) a larger, central network which connects several LANS, MANs, WANs and other BNs and it covers from hundreds of feet to several miles and the data transmission ranges from 100 to 1,000 Mbps. (Fitzgerald, 2012). 14. Explain how a message is transmitted from one computer to another using layers. Answer. Network user uses application layer which is...
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...3.1.2 Types of Computer Networks Computer networks are classified based on the geographical length. A network can be as small as the distance between a mobile phone and its Bluetooth headphone. Also it can be as large as the internet itself. It covers the whole geographical world. Types of Networks • LAN • WAN • MAN (i) LAN (Local Area Network) A local area network is a self-contained network. It lengths a small area, such as a single building, floor, or a room. In LAN, all the nodes and segments are connected directly with short range wireless technology or cables. Each computer in a LAN has its own CPU. It executes the programs. It also access the data and devices anywhere on the LAN. Through LAN many users can share expensive devices, such as laser printers, as well as data. The LAN is used by the users to communicate with each other. They communicate through emails or by engaging in chat sessions....
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...Data Communications The 4th Annual Technology Trade Show is slowly approaching. We are preparing to get things in order for the company’s booth. Marketing managers are in the process of determining what displays we will be presenting. The specified equipment will be all of the 2015 models of the T-21. As a marketing manager, I have developed an Excel spreadsheet that will track booth components, equipment, shippers and shipments. The Excel file is named “2015 Trade Booth” located on the company SharePoint site. The excel spreadsheet has five sheets that are labeled with the approximate label. The tab labeled “Events” has all of the information for the Trade Show. This tab has an info form imported from Word that needs to be filled out by all vendors, suppliers, and buyers for the event. Once the form is completed, it should be entered into the 2015 Trade Booth Access program. Entering the vendors, suppliers, and buyers information in the Access program will link information to the equipment, supplies, and shippers and shipment information. Using Access for the database allows the company to store vast amounts of information while importing and exporting files to or from Word, Excel and PowerPoint. One disadvantage with using Access last, was connection problems with Word and Excel, which made it impossible to track data. This year, only one person will enter data and export/import files. Access is a great example of a personal database. A personal database is a DBMS product...
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...IT204-1501B-01 Fundamentals Of Networking Phase 1 Individual Project 2/19/15 Modern day lives depend on the network or more specifically the internet. One could find this to be true if one had no access to the internet for one day. Networks at a base level can be explained as two or more electronic devices connected electronically sharing resources to one another. How we classify each network depends on the devices that are connected and the size of the network. Not all networks are created equally. One could categorize a network based on the size geographically. Is it a network that is in a room or small office building? Or do the systems attached to the network span the entire length of a state? Local Area Network or LAN is two or more electronic devices that are connected with in a limited area such as a room or building. The evolution of LANs has changed as technology has become more powerful. Early local area networks used coaxial cable as a means to communicate. Then in the 80s twisted pair starting with Cat3 cable made the splash in networks. Modern local area networks use Cat5 or Cat6 cable. The main thing to remember about Local Area Networks is this is Local and does not span over a far distance. Unlike LAN’s the Wide Area network does span over far distances. A good example of this is a company that has one building on 4th street and 20 miles away they have another building on 175th street. The company’s computers can share resources between buildings...
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