...Wind Turbine San Jose State University, Charles W. Davidson College of Engineering E10 Introduction to Engineering By Justin DeCastro, Cari Geldreich, Hugo Quiroz, and Ashley Mishra March 24, 2011 Professor Athanasiou Section 6 Project Summary The project that was assigned in lab was the wind turbine lab. The objective of this lab was to develop and construct a wind turbine that would create enough energy to conduct electricity. The goal of the assignment was to construct the most creative and stable structure so that it would withstand high winds. After constructing the turbine, which was 17 inches high and weight 255 grams, the next task was to test its stiffness using various amounts of weights and to look for the displacement. The maximum amount of displacement by the turbine was 4.81 mm. After finding out how stiff the turbine was, the next task was to measure the amount of power the turbine generated. The turbine worked quite well except for the fact that the blade broke within the first few minutes. The blade speed started out with 9703 RPM and went down to as low as 6000RPM when it had 6 light bulbs on. The turbine successfully completed all the objectives with ease. The only thing that it could’ve done better in was the stiffness test because it displaced more weight than it needed to. Table of Contents Introduction pg. 4 Turbine Structure Design Structure & Blade Design pg. 5 Structure & Blade Construction pg. 6 ...
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...that we can use. Wind, water, sun and geothermal heat are a few that are readily available for use. However, we have to think of the pros and cons and the human interaction that comes with all four of these. Some of the pros and cons are the same with these, although from here-in there will only be talk of wind power and the good and bad sides to using it. Wind power is a totally renewable resource. Since, there is wind all over the world turbines could go up anywhere, on land and in the sea. The pros to putting wind turbines are that they are green. They do not produce any radiation or other type of pollution that can affect the local area. Efficiency always comes in to play when planning something that big and they are very efficient, both with space and what they provide. Some of the largest turbines offer power to generate enough watts for 600 homes; they also can protect against power outages, whereas telephone poles cannot since they can get knocked down more easy, for example in an ice storm. Wind power has been around since the early 1800’s when it was used to power water pumps to get water out of wells to go to farming. And, besides, once the structure is up and running and paid for the power is, for the most part, free. With the pros stated, now it is time for the cons to be gone over. Since the biggest part of a wind turbine is the wind, it can be hard to say where and for how long a certain place it going to be windy for. There could be a lot if wind one day and none...
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...Current Event 09-07-12 Wind Turbines I First Willacy County Turbine Farm Opens, More to Follow: A little over a year ago, a Chicago-based renewable energy company E.ON held a ribbon-cutting ceremony at the new site and began construction in October of 2011. The Magic Valley Wind Farm is what they decided to call it and it is located roughly 5 miles east of Raymondville. It is Willacy County's first wind farm. Within the last year, they put up 112 Danish-produced Vestas 1.8 megawatt turbines that generate more than 200 megawatts together, which is enough to power 60,000 houses. There was over 200 people hired for the construction phase of this wind farm and a staff of around 20 people on site. The project was approximately a 200 million dollar investment for E.ON and is the company’s 16th operational wind farm in North America upping the company’s generating power to 2,000 megawatts in Texas. The location of this wind farm is supposed to have minimal impact on wildlife and the environment due to environmental studies. During construction of this wind farm, more than 24 miles of public roads where constructed. Why do you think that is? I’m assuming they were constructed to cart in the enormous shafts and blades. There were more than 60,000 cubic yards of concrete poured and more than 50 miles of underground cable laid. Now if you head South of the Magic Valley project you will run into two more wind farms owned by Duke Energy that are supposed to operational at the end of the...
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...Wind energy is a renewable resource, which means that future supply will not be affected by current use. The rising concerns about global warming, pollution, and depletion of natural resources makes wind a viable and logical source of energy for the near and distant future. There are many advantages to wind energy; it is a sustainable energy source that is non-polluting. With a 30 percent annual increase, wind is the world’s fastest-growing bulk power electricity source. Montana has a bright future in wind energy. The American Wind Energy Association ranked Montana’s wind-energy potential in the top five in the nation. Currently, the state has several utility-scale wind farms in operation. History of Wind Energy Wind energy has been used by civilizations throughout time. As early as 5000 B.C., wind energy propelled boats up and down rivers. Simple windmills pumped water in China in 200 B.C. Wind energy technology and its applications continued to grow and diversify throughout the ages. By the late 19th century, settlers of the New World were using windmills to pump water, and eventually, to generate electricity. Small windmills were used until the late 1920s to bring electricity to rural Americans. Farm and ranch communities in Montana used wind generators that produced direct current (DC) electricity that was often stored in batteries. However, these systems were short-lived due to the Rural Electrification Act (REA) of 1936. The REA subsidized the construction of rural...
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...Knowledge of Wind Turbines The purpose of this presentation is to inform the audience about general information on wind energy. I want to inform the audience of the basic design of a wind plant. I will also introduce them to the basics of wind turbines and what a wind turbine site consists of. The best audience for this presentation is anyone without previous knowledge of wind turbines. This presentation is designed to generally educated people on wind turbines and wind sites. It is not designed to go into real depth with wind turbines. If there was anyone interested in getting wind turbines on their land this presentation would help to let them know what to expect. They type of audience that would resist this knowledge is any group that works in fossil fuels. These communities usually worry that their jobs our in jeopardy because of green energy. This topic is important because of the increase in wind turbines throughout the United States and world. It is important for us to understand the basics of what they do and what a plant is made up. The reason this is important is because we the people vote to allow turbines in our communities. The more information we have on the technology the better decision people can make for their communities. Research shows that due to better technology and the demand for green energy Wind Turbine development is increasing across the United States. Today I’m going to give a brief back ground of the history of turbines and talk...
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...It is said that wind generated electricity is the greenest and most sustainable natural energy source there is. It has the ability to generate large amounts of electricity without polluting the air, water, or general landscape. When several wind turbines are grouped together they are called wind farms. These wind farms offer many benefits to the environment, economy, and people whom are receiving the wind generated electricity. But without proper research and improper planning schemes wind farms are being placed in migratory paths for birds and bats killing or injuring them, attract and kill pollinator insects, and (according to some) decrease the aesthetic beauty of the landscape. The first wind farm in the United States was in Crocheted Mountains, New Hampshire in 1980. Since then they have grown to 119 wind farms in the United States. There are two basic forms of wind turbines, vertical axis and horizontal axis wind turbines. The vertical axis turbine blades have several designs but the commonality between the designs is that they have open spaces some people refer to as lattice spaced openings. Horizontal axis turbine blades look like propellers on an airplane. It is estimated that roughly 573,000 birds are injured or killed annually, roughly 600,000 bats are injured or killed annually and innumerable pollinator insects are killed annually by wind farms. The problem with vertical axis turbines is that the spaces in the blades are wonderful perching and...
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...electricity has pushed the world into energy crisis where demand is surpassing supply. In order to solve the issue, people must cut short electricity use and increase power input. It means that devices should be off when they are not in use, replace obsolete bulbs with energy efficient bulbs and at the same time build more energy harvest systems to enhance electricity production. Electrical energy can be produced by renewable sources and non-renewable sources of energy. With development in the technological field, renewable resources like water, solar, and wind current are preferred to produce electricity in order to replace fossil fuel which would not last very long. In fact, natural resources can produce multi-folds of electricity without being eradicated. However, this essay is comparing solar panel to wind turbine. Their major differences are location, method and efficiency. Initially, the difference of both solar panel and wind turbine is method of generating electricity. Since the solar panel has defined as an object that absorbed the sunlight and turns it into electricity. The method to generate electricity by solar panel is complex. Firstly, after the sunlight shines into the panel, it has been converted from protons to electrons (Llorens, n.d.). After that, the current’s output is in a form of direct current. This is a type of electrical current which flows in one direction in a circuit and mostly loss energy when energy is carried over a long distance (“Alternating Current...
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...assumptions stated below the payback of the Jiminy Nick wind turbine with a cost of about $3.3 million would return the investment in about four years time. Net present value summarizes the initial cost of an investment, the estimated annual cash flows, and expected salvage value, taking into account the time value of money (1). A NPV calculation for the scenario SED is reviewing equals $7,697,286 minus the investment costs of $3,318,000 totaling $4,379,286. The capital budgeting analysis reflects the assumptions stated in the case scenario that the initial investment cost and installation of the wind turbine is $3,900,000 and there is a grant available from the Renewable Energy Trust Fund in the amount of $582,000. A bank loan of $3,300,000 at 7.3% will be obtained leaving an $18,000 difference. The turbine will follow MACRS double-declining balance depreciation schedule for a period of five years including half-year depreciation in the first and last recovery years. Jiminy Peak has an income tax rate of 40%. The company has sufficient taxable income to benefit from any deductions and credits available, and the after-tax weighted average cost of capital of 6%. The turbine’s useful life is 25 years with no terminal disposal value. There will be $100,000 net cash inflow from extended operations and it is referring to after-tax profit, and the $75,000 cost and $166,667 RECs will continue at that level for the remaining years of the wind turbine’s life cycle. The cash flows for the net...
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...Neodymium and Wind Turbines Even though the rare earth elements form the largest chemical group in the periodic table, they are generally unfamiliar and do not gain much attention. Nonetheless, the rare earth elements are crucial for many application in different fields. For instance, high technology and environmental application of the rare earth elements have been importantly developed in the past few decades. One of the most important application from the rare earth elements is permanent magnets, which do not lose its magnetic field or lose the magnetic field in a very low rate in a long period of time. The reasons give such a distinguished characteristic to the magnets is that rare earth magnets are ferromagnetic, and they have a crystalline structure. Among the other rare earth elements, neodymium with iron and boron create the most powerful magnet. This unusual strength happens because of the tetragonal crystalline structure of the compound. This powerful permanent magnet is widely used in many application, especially wind turbines, and it result in many significant profits. Rare earth elements are the sets of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium. They are cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho), lanthanum (La), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), ytterbium...
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...1 2006 IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition Latin America, Venezuela Evaluating the Effects of High Penetrations of Roof-Top Wind Turbines on Secondary Distribution Circuits Petros P. Kritharas, Luis F. Ochoa, Student Member, IEEE, Konstantinos D. Papastergiou, Student Member, IEEE, and Gareth P. Harrison, Member, IEEE Results are presented and discussed remarking the timevariant benefits and drawbacks of roof-top wind power generation taking into account critical scenarios of such generation. II. TECHNICAL DATA In this section the data required for performing the simulations of high penetrations of roof-top wind turbines in secondary distribution circuits is presented. This includes wind turbine power curves, wind speeds, load demand and secondary circuit details. A. Wind Turbines and Wind Speed Data In order to consider real-life roof-top wind turbines, five types that can easily be found in the market were chosen, as shown in Table I. TABLE I SELECTED COMMERCIAL WIND TURBINES Type AIR-X 1 2 Index Terms— distributed generation, roof-top wind turbines, distribution networks, power flow, line losses. I. INTRODUCTION C URRENT energy policies are encouraging the connection of small-scale power generating plants to distribution networks, mainly in response to environmental concerns as well diversification of the energy mix. As such, Distributed Generation (DG) [1], electric power generation located within distribution networks or...
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...SERVICE SPECIFICATION DNVGL-SE-0074 Edition December 2014 Type and component certification of wind turbines according to IEC 61400-22 The electronic pdf version of this document found through http://www.dnvgl.com is the officially binding version. The documents are available free of charge in PDF format. DNV GL AS FOREWORD DNV GL service specifications contain procedural requirements for obtaining and retaining certificates and other conformity statements to the objects, personnel, organisations and/or operations in question. © DNV GL AS Any comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@dnvgl.com This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document, and is believed to reflect the best of contemporary technology. The use of this document by others than DNV GL is at the user's sole risk. DNV GL does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting from any use of this document. Changes – current CHANGES – CURRENT General This service specification supersedes and replaces the January 2014 edition of DNV-DSS-904. Service specification DNVGL-SE-0074 – Edition December 2014 DNV GL AS Page 3 CHANGES – CURRENT .................................................................................................. 3 Sec.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................
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...Exercise 1) On-shore wind turbines are installed in land-based applications, while off-shore wind turbines are installed over water. The best thing about offshore windmills is the wind tends to be much more consistent and strong, which helps predict payback period and shorten it, for the cost of the turbine. The bad thing about offshore is aesthetics, some people don’t like the looks of the ocean shoreline being filled with turbines. It is also difficult to get the power from the turbines and back to the land where the electricity can be used. It can also be difficult to maintain the windmills out at sea. Exercise 2) Geothermal heating and cooling is having another revival due to rising energy and oil costs. Geothermal heating uses the natural temperature of the ground at about 10 feet and below which averages about 68 degrees F. Trenches are dug or holes are drilled and plastic tubing is placed in them. The tubing is then filled with a circulating fluid, usually just water and heated to the temperature of the ground during circulation. The fluid then goes to a heat exchanger where the heat of the fluid is exchanged to the air, which in turn circulates through the house to warm it. On average, a geothermal heat pump saves about 7 out of ten energy units that would go into operating a standard heat pump. The main additional cost of adding a geothermal heat pump is in the installation of the tubing in the trenches or holes, which can be expensive because it requires special machinery...
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...Science Report Aim: To investigate whether the amount of blades on a pinwheel affects the amount of times the pinwheel will spin Hypothesis: More blades on a pinwheel will make it spin more than a pinwheel with fewer blades. Equipment: * 5 pins * 5 pencils * Scissors * 5 sheets of paper * Ruler * Pen * Utility knife * Electric fan Variables Independent Variables: The amount of blades on the pinwheel Dependant Variables: The amount of times the pinwheel spins Controlled Variables: -Pinwheel size -Angle blown -Amount of air blown with -Placing -Natural Wind -Type of paper -Type of pin Pinwheel Template 5-Bladed Pinwheel Template 5-Bladed Pinwheel Template 3-Bladed Pinwheel Template 3-Bladed Pinwheel Template 4-Bladed Pinwheel Template 4-Bladed Pinwheel Template 44 2-Bladed Pinwheel Template 2-Bladed Pinwheel Template 6-Bladed Pinwheel Template 6-Bladed Pinwheel Template Diagram for method: Fan Fan Pinwheel Pinwheel Method 1. Gather Materials 2. Make the pinwheels with the templates provided 3. Set up experiment like diagram 4. Blow the pinwheel for 2 seconds with the fan 5. Record the amount of time it spins 6. Repeat steps 4-5 for each pinwheel 3 times to get an average Results | 1st try | 2nd try | 3rd try | Average | Amount of Blades (blades) | Times spun | Times spun | Times spun | Times spun | 2 Blades | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1+1/3 | 3 Blades | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 Blades | 4 |...
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...Memo To: LD, Pricebook Manager From: Laurie Nelson, Pricebook Analyst Date: 2/1/2012 Re: Request for Funding for a Business Communications course I would like to request funding to participate in an upcoming class, Business Communications (GB512), at Kaplan University in West Des Moines. As an employee that cares about XXX & XX, its impact on the environment and on the community, I have decided to research the effect of a wind turbine on energy savings to the company. The ability to communicate more professionally will assist me in presenting my research of the wind turbine and its benefits to KG. I am part of the Green Task Force committee here and plan to present it to them. It will also be a benefit to me in presenting it as a sustainability project to KK, CEO. Cost of the class is $1764 for six weeks which includes all course material and software. Start date is February 12th and meets one night a week for three hours. The class focuses on effective written communication for the business environment with attention on how to analyze business problems using research and presenting ideas in ways that achieve your business purpose. It will not only give me valuable information for writing the research paper and the presentation of my project it will also provide me an opportunity for professional development. Attending this class will enable me to also effectively communicate in my current position and any...
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... Employee thinks that there may not be any change and they also fear of reactions from their manager. In Case Study "Cape Trafalgar" parties involved in the conflict are fishermen and two companies willing to build huge windmills at the sea shore. Suppressed conflict is on construction of windmills. These companies never involved in discussion or considered the concerns of fishermen and when fishermen approached many officials to express their concerns, they didn’t communicate back to them. Manuel Bustos is one of the officials for windmill production, he never resolved the basic issues of fishermen and he stated to his group to influence the fishermen by telling benefit of the project. In our case fishermen are ready, but government and wind organizations are still discussing and not cooperative to surface conflict. Problems occur if such situations are ignored: If the situations are ignored, it may turn even worse and employees refuse to work, poor coordination and integration. Employees become demotivated and in turn loss to the company since cost factor increases with these situations, there is will be no creativity and innovation in organization of employees. In Case Study "Cape Trafalgar" if the situation is the same i.e., ignoring. Fisher men may revolt against Government and Organizations. Already Fisher men are hostile towards the actions carried with them and this will take worse and there is a troublesome situation for Government if all the opposing parties in...
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