...in their various locations: Windows 3.1 Windows 3.x Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows 9.x Windows NT Windows 2000 Professional Windows XP Professional Windows Exchange Server 5 Windows Proxy Server 2 Novel Netware 4.11 MAC OS I believe these operating systems were chosen because, at the time they were put into use, they were state f the art operating systems. As the company has grown, focus has been on other areas of the company and its operations. As the company grew and the need for more computers grew, the company seems to have simply added the needed systems with whatever operating systems were current on the systems they purchased. The biggest implications of the operating systems in use by Huffman Trucking would be compatibility. As technology advances and older technology reaches end of life, the ability to maintain a network of computers using so many varied operating systems becomes increasingly difficult. Another implication is using so many different technologies (Windows-based vs. Novel vs. Apple) can cause problems in compatibility, rendering certain systems and software unable to do the tasks that are needed to be performed. Maintaining such an eclectic network likely requires many man-hours that would not be necessary if all of the systems were closer to current, and if they were more closely matched to each other. An example would be if the server software were more current, the desktop operating systems were all Windows XP or higher and the MAC OS...
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...1 Introduction to Operating Systems assignment 1 Contents The Linux Operating System 1 The History of Linux 3 The linux mascot 4 linux and its fued with microsoft 4 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Linux 6 Comparing Linux to Windows 7 The increase in complexity of Operating Systems 8 advantages and disadvantages of this increased complexity 10 Client-Server Operating System 11 Plug and Play & Multitasking in Windows 13 plug and play 13 multitasking in windows 15 References 17 The Linux Operating System Before getting into Linux, a short introduction on what an Operating System is – An Operating System is a software layer that is between the hardware and the software that you actually use to get something productive. In other words, the operating system is what allows the software to talk to the hardware, such as storing information to the hard drive, to send out print jobs to the printer and so on and so forth. Figure [ 1 ] An excerpt from the Ubuntu (a Linux distribution) website on how and why it's free Figure [ 1 ] An excerpt from the Ubuntu (a Linux distribution) website on how and why it's free Now, onto Linux. Linux, like Microsoft Windows is an Operating System. Unlike Windows, however, Linux is open source, meaning one can readily find the source code for the OS for free and add or edit the code to his heart’s content. 1Library A library is a collection of implementations of behavior, written in terms of a language...
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...of the spiral approach, software development process follows the phase-wise linear approach. At the end of first iteration, the customer evaluates the software and provides the feedback. Based on the feedback, software development process enters into the next iteration and subsequently follows the linear approach to implement the feedback suggested by the customer. The process of iteration continues throughout the life of the software. An example of the spiral model is the evolution of Microsoft Windows Operating system from Windows 3.1 to windows 2003. We may refer to Microsoft windows 3.1 Operating System as the first iteration in the spiral approach. The product was released and evaluated by the customers, which include the market large. After getting the feedback from customers about the windows 3.1, Microsoft planned to develop a new version of windows operating system. Windows’95 was released with the enhancement and graphical flexibility. Similarly, other versions of windows operating system were released. Spiral Approach Phases 1. Customer Communication: Includes understanding the system requirements by continuous communication between the customer and the system analyst. 2. Planning: Includes estimating Schedule, cost, and resource for the iteration. 3. Risk Analysis: includes identifying, estimating, and monitoring technical and management risks, such as schedule slippage and cost overrun. 4. Engineering: Includes requirement gathering and design of...
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...Charts……………………………………………………....……………………………………..…5 Descriptive Statistics and Variation…………………………………….………………………8 Histograms…………………………………..…………………………………….……………….……10 Confidence Intervals…………………………………..……………………………………….……13 Hypotheses and Hypothesis Test…………….……………………..………………………..15 Scatter Plots and Correlation……………….……………………………………………….....18 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………22 Recommendations…………….…………………………………………………………………….…………22 Executive Summary As a company, Coca Cola always strives to keep their customers happy. The corporate goal is to deliver all customer orders with 100% accuracy and within the customer’s time window. A metric the company has developed to measure this is On Time and In Full (OTIF), which illustrates the percentage of the orders sent out on a particular day that were within the customer’s time window and with 100% of the cases the customer ordered. For example, if a customer orders 100 cases of product but Coca Cola is not able to deliver even 1 of those cases, the OTIF metric for that company goes from 100% down to 0% for that particular delivery. The daily OTIF measurement is an average of OTIF scores for all customer orders that went out for that particular day. There are 4 different components that make up the OTIF...
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...Estimating the Elasticity of Demand for Gasoline Professor Pushan Dutt The graph below shows the evolution of the price of oil (adjusted for inflation) since 1957. Note a couple of sharp jumps and collapses in the price of oil. 1. 2. 3. 1973: : 2.75 % of global production was withheld; Prices in nominal terms jumped from $3.5 a barrel to $10 a barrel 1979: 5.68 % of global production withheld; Prices in nominal terms jumped from $15 to $32 a barrel. 2007: Oil prices increase from $60 to reach a peak of $128, followed by a rapid collapse Why do we observe such sharp swings in oil prices? The answer lies in the elasticity of demand and supply. For this exercise we will focus on the demand side and estimate the price elasticity of demand for oil. We will focus on the US and use time-series data to estimate this demand function. Here are the somewhat modest goals of the assignment: 1. To convince you that demand functions and elasticities are measurable, rather than purely abstract concepts. 2. To provide practice in manipulating and interpreting demand functions particularly constant-elasticity demand functions 3. To motivate your study of linear regression in UDJ by providing an example of an application. I will lead you through the steps without explaining the statistical methods of regression. Such methods are not part of this course but you will see them in detail in your UDJ core course. © INSEAD Step 1: Write a Model The first, and perhaps...
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...TCP Timestamping can be used to retrieve information about your system that you may not wish to be public. I started investigating this after some discussion of NetCraft's (http://www.netcraft.com/) server uptime stats, and their reliability. Ant Mitchell was very polite in telling me NetCraft would not disclose how they obtain these figures, only that he feels they are reliable. So I started looking into how they could get this information. What I discovered was TCP Timestamping is equal to the uptime (after a fashion) of many systems, and as such can give you extra information about the running system. What is Timestamping? How can it be used to gain information about a running system? Timestamping is a TCP option, which may be set, and if set takes 12 bytes in the header (for each packet) in addition to the 20 bytes a TCP header normally takes. This is exclusive of any other options. What good is this overhead? According to RFC1323: "The timestamps are used for two distinct mechanisms: RTTM (Round Trip Time Measurement) and PAWS (Protect Against Wrapped Sequences).". I suggest that anyone interested in TCP Timestamps read RFC1323 (these are not the IP timestamping options). The fact that timestamping exists isn't anything special in itself, but how the value is populated and how the value is set is somewhat interesting. 4.4BSD increments the timestamp clock once every 500ms and this timestamp clock is reset to 0 on a reboot...
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...Harvard Business School 9-800-050 Rev. September 30, 1999 Double Dealmaking in the Browser Wars (A) For months, the upstart Netscape Communications Corporation had battled the Microsoft Corporation over which browser the accounting giant KPMG would select for its internal use. On June 2, 1997, Netscape CEO Jim Barksdale finally heard the gratifying words that capped the see-saw dealmaking process: “You've re-won the business,” said Roger Siboni, Deputy Chairman of KPMG. “And I'd like to extend my personal invitation for you to give the keynote speech at our annual meeting in Orlando, Florida.” Delighted at the news, and visualizing the army of KPMG accountants, tax people, and consultants he’d be triumphantly addressing in August, the Netscape CEO thanked Mr. Siboni, and put down the phone. This was a crucial beachhead for Netscape in its quest for the corporate market. Netscape had initially won the KPMG contract, but Microsoft’s persistence had pried it back open. Beating back Microsoft’s latest challenge marked a great success for Netscape. This victory stood in sharp contrast to a far less happy dealmaking episode the previous year in which Netscape had tilted against mighty Microsoft for AOL’s browser business. In a sequence that gave some industry observers virtual whiplash, a pathbreaking Netscape deal with AOL had been announced, only to be undercut the very next day by Microsoft. Netscape’s ultimate loss in the AOL battle helped to define an Internet dealmaking...
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...Microsoft Microsoft started from humble beginnings in 1975, and soon rose to become one of the biggest companies in modern history. Today, Microsoft is having record revenues, making a total of $18.06 billion dollars last quarter (Forbes). Microsoft affects almost everyone’s life in the US daily, whether it is kids on their Xbox, to desk workers using Windows Office each day to accomplish their work, people use Windows every day. From Microsoft’s early beginnings to its multibillion-dollar company today, Windows has had success from the start, and will continue to for the coming decades. Two men in 1975; Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded Microsoft. (History of Windows) They started out with MS-DOS, their first operating system. The companies’ first headquarters was in Albuquerque, New Mexico, but after signing some pivotal contracts with IBM, they moved to their headquarters in Bellevue, Washington in 1979.(History of Windows) Working side by side with IBM to develop OS/2, Microsoft released their new product, Microsoft Windows. It was a graphical extension of MS-DOS. On March 13th, 1986, Microsoft went public, which would result in 4 billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires being created from the ensuing rise in stock. (Forbes) Along with its partnership with IBM came allegations that they were trying to monopolize the computer industry. The Federal Trade Commission set its sights on Microsoft and began almost a decade of legal battles between Microsoft and the...
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...United States vs Microsoft Corporation, for Committing Monopolization Written By: Blank March/24/2014 Blank Lee The federal case United States vs Microsoft Corporation (2001) was an anti-trust case tried in the U.S. District Court in which the U.S. government filed suit against Microsoft on May, 18, 1998 because they were concerned that the company was using the power of it enormous market share in the PC operating system market to exert undue influence on the market prices and competition. The government also alleged that Microsoft had engaged in anticompetitive conduct in violation of § 1 and § 2 of the Sherman Act. Although the investigation really began in 1993 when Microsoft’s marketing tactics had sparked the Department of Justice’s interest in the business dealings of the company in order to conclude whether or not the company was partaking in monopolistic practices. This Department of Justice investigation was directly subsequent to two deadlocked probes by the Federal Trade Commission that were initiated in 1990 ("Wired.com”). During the 1993 investigation the Department of Justice found that indeed Microsoft was abusing the monopoly power it possessed over the PC operating systems markets. Monopoly Powers are generally defined as the absence or ineffectiveness of competitive constraints on price, output, product decisions and quality. The Supreme Court defines monopoly power as ''the power to control prices or exclude competition.'' A firm is...
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...operating system (OS) serves primarily as a translator between the user and the applications and hardware of the machine in use. In this case the PC, tablet or mobile phone. The OS allows the user to easily visualize commands that prompt the software to carry out an array of functions, limited only by the hardware capabilities and the knowledge of its user. During the beginning stages of personal computer (PC) usage, IBM finalized a deal in the early 1980's with the most common household PC OS developer name, Microsoft. It's MS-DOS, then a command line user interface served as the principal design for Microsoft's home PC users released post Apple's Mac OS just 1 year prior. This decision was made after an irreconcilable deal for the 1970's CP/M developed by Greg Kildall. As MS- DOS gained recognition, the onset of home PC user OSs emerged. This report will provide an introduction to the top OSs commonly used in households today such as Mac OS X, Linux, Windows and some of their variants. The functions of these OSs vary in performance across the span of it's developers, however, are relatively the same. These similarities begin with booting the device, providing a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that appeals and adds ease of utilization to the user, as well as the management of system resource, input/output (I/O) and data. All are necessary for a positive experience from even the most novice of users. The similarities of the OSs are what group their developers together, however...
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...controller c. peripheral device d. serial and parallel ports (explain the difference) e. adapter card, expansion card, interface card f. video adapter, video card g. pixel h. keyboard i. mouse j. printer k. BIOS l. device driver m. systemboard, motherboard n. video cable o. drive cable p. ribbon cable q. expansion slot (ISA, EISA, MCA, VL bus, PCI, local bus; what does each of the acronyms stand for?) r. ZIF socket (what does “ZIF” stand for?) s. SIMM (what does “SIMM” stand for?) t. system realtime clock u. jumper v. chipset w. cache memory x. power supply cable y. RAM and ROM z. CPU, microprocessor aa. coprocessor bb. primary storage and secondary storage (give examples of each, and know which is which) cc. volatile vs. nonvolatile memory (know which is which) dd. CMOS configuration chip ee. traces ff. bus gg. power supply 3. Be able to identify all of the items shown in Figures 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5 in Andrews’ A Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC. 4. What are the principal functions of an Operating System? 5. Distinguish between, and give examples of the use of: a. a command-driven interface b. a menu-driven interface c. a GUI 6. Define: a. Multitasking b. Multithreading c. Operating environment (e.g., a GUI environment; a single- or multitasking environment) 7. OPTIONAL: Name seven operating systems that are commonly used in desktop computers, and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each. 8. What...
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...File System Comparison POS/421 Windows Server Networking January 30, 2012 Ali Shokraee File System Comparison This paper is going to compare the different file system structures used for the different version of Windows Operating Systems. This will go from the Disk Operating System (DOS) of the early years to the latest Windows Server 2008. The desktop OS and the servers OS will be compared and contrasted in this paper. Different Types of File Systems There were many different types of file systems that were used over the years that Microsoft was in business. This ranges from the DOS years to the most current version from Microsoft, Windows Server 2008. The following table (table 1) shows the different File Systems that Microsoft has used and the Operating System (OS) that uses that type of File System (NTFS.com, 2011). |File System Structure |Operating System | |FAT12 |All Versions of MS DOS | |FAT16 |All Versions of MS DOS | |FAT32 |DOS v7 and Higher, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003 | | |Server, Windows Vista, Windows 7 | ...
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...PS/2 – 1987 • Waning of IBM as the pace setter – 1987 to present 14 The First PC • Generally considered the MITS Altair • Introduced in January 1975 • Based on the 8080 Intel Processor • Sold for $395 in kit form 15 Before the IBM PC, personal computers used: • A variety of microprocessors • Many different architectures • A variety of operating systems 16 The IBM PC • Introduced on August 12, 1981 • Used the Intel 8088 microprocessor • Operated at 4.77 MHz • No hard drive • One or two single-sided floppy drives • Used MS-DOS 1.0 • Introduced the 8-bit ISA bus 17 The IBM PC brought standardization • Intel Microprocessors • Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) • Architecture 18 The IBM XT • Introduced in 1983 • Included a 10 MB hard drive • Used MS-DOS 2.0 • 16-bit ISA Bus 19 The IBM AT • Introduced in 1984 • Based on Intel’s 80286 microprocessor • Operated at 6 MHz • 20 MB hard drive • Used MS-DOS 3.0 20 The IBM PS/2 • Introduced in 1988 • IBM abandoned its own standard • Microchannel...
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...Operating Systems most favored by fortune 500 companies are Windows, Red Hat Linux and AIX. Operating Systems perform basic task that supports the use of input, the printers, drivers, keyboard and the display screen. The operating systems support different programs and users running on it at the same time. It also supports the security and user abilities. Operating systems provide software platforms on top of applications, like Java, Visual Basic etc. These applications have to be written to run operating systems. There are several choices of operating systems DOS, OS/2, Windows, AIX, and Linux. The two main operating systems are Windows and Linux/Unix. “And they have a competitive history and future” (Haas). Before we get into the technicalities of either operating system, let’s examine the environment that these two systems evolved from, or the culture from whence they came, if you will. “Corporate culture pertains to the identity and personality of the company we work with, either in the private or public sectors. All companies have a culture; a way they behave and operate. They may be organized and disciplined or chaotic and unstructured. Either way, this is the culture the company has elected to adopt” Brice, (2012). “Microsoft may appear to some people as a company without culture, but that impression changes upon entering the Sigma Building, which houses Microsoft Research Asia. Chatting with the great minds at Microsoft Research Asia, one is reminded...
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...CISC vs RISC By Armin Gerritsen - Which one is better? - RISC vs CISC is a topic quite popular on the Net. Everytime Intel (CISC) or Apple (RISC) introduces a new CPU, the topic pops up again. But what are CISC and RISC exactly, and is one of them really better? This article tries to explain in simple terms what RISC and CISC are and what the future might bring for the both of them. This article is by no means intended as an article pro-RISC or pro-CISC. You draw your own conclusions … CISC Pronounced sisk, and stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. Most PC's use CPU based on this architecture. For instance Intel and AMD CPU's are based on CISC architectures. Typically CISC chips have a large amount of different and complex instructions. The philosophy behind it is that hardware is always faster than software, therefore one should make a powerful instructionset, which provides programmers with assembly instructions to do a lot with short programs. In common CISC chips are relatively slow (compared to RISC chips) per instruction, but use little (less than RISC) instructions. RISC Pronounced risk, and stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer. RISC chips evolved around the mid-1980 as a reaction at CISC chips. The philosophy behind it is that almost no one uses complex assembly language instructions as used by CISC, and people mostly use compilers which never use complex instructions. Apple for instance uses RISC chips. Therefore fewer, simpler and faster instructions...
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