...WEB vs WPA Matthew Otte Friends University Due to the nature of wireless, using radio waves instead of physical media to transferred data, anybody within range could receive the information being transmitted between devices. To successfully employ wireless technology, a solution had to be introduced to ensure security. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) was introduced to meet this need. WEP is a means to secure Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) by encrypting transmissions at the data-link layer with the symmetric RC4 encryption algorithm. The main goal when employing WEP was to provide confidentiality, access control, and data integrity at an equivalent level as a wired connection, thus the name. These security standards were...
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...Treona Traylor 11/22/2013 EDU225 Lois Jackson Section Three: Integrating Instructional Technology Technology is growing daily. There are always new programs or software for education created for children to enhance their learning. Technology is the new way of learning and as a teacher we have to make sure that each child is getting the most out of it. Planning and assessing students are very crucial because we need to know everything regarding the student’s education. Technology can be used to facilitate and enhance instruction in the classroom in so many ways. Technology will help students acquire the skills they need to survive within the workforce and life period. It is good for students to know about technology and how to use it in their everyday life. Technology helps by fostering all learning such as conversing, reflecting and putting into action the use of it all. If you look at the bigger picture, technology is more than just hardware. Technology is also the designs that engage learners. Technology can also consist of any technique or method for engaging learning, such as critical thinking skills. Technology also changes the way teachers teach, offering educators effective ways to reach different types of learners and assess student understanding through multiple means. It also enhances the relationship between teacher and student (Article “Why Integrate Technology into the Curriculum? The Reasons Are Many”edutopia.com, 2013) The possible pros and cons when...
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...Varna Free University “Chernorizec Hrabar” ------------------------------------------------------------------------Institute of Technology Introduction to Computer Networking Prof. Teodora Bakardjieva 1 1.0 Introduction The purpose of the networking guidelines are as follows: to assist students in understanding the benefits of networking to help students place in context their current stage of networking development in their school. to assist students in planning the next stage of network development in their school. to provide standard networking ‘models’ and best practice to students that will assist students in their network planning. This document includes information under the following main headings: Introduction to Networking Advantages of Networking Types of Networks Models of networking appropriate to students NCTE recommendation to students Some relevant terms. 1.1. Basic of Networking A computer network consists of a collection of computers, printers and other equipment that is connected together so that they can communicate with each other. Fig 1 gives an example of a network in a school comprising of a local area network or LAN connecting computers with each other, the internet, and various servers. 2 File and Print Server CD or Multimedia Servers Access to: Internet content & learning resources, Scoilnet etc Email communication Users computers Cache, Proxy, Filtering, Firewall Server ...
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...CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Objectives EXAM NUMBER: 220-901 About the Exam Candidates are encouraged to use this document to help prepare for CompTIA A+ 220-901. In order to receive the CompTIA A+ certification, you must pass two exams: 220-901 and 220-902. CompTIA A+ 220-901 measures the necessary skills for an entry-level IT professional. Successful candidates will have the knowledge required to: • Assemble components based on customer requirements • Install, configure and maintain devices, PCs and software for end users • Understand the basics of networking and security/forensics • Properly and safely diagnose, resolve and document common hardware and software issues • Apply troubleshooting skills • Provide appropriate customer support • Understand the basics of virtualization, desktop imaging and deployment These content examples are meant to clarify the test objectives and should not be construed as a comprehensive listing of all the content of this examination. EXAM ACCREDITATION CompTIA A+ is accredited by ANSI to show compliance with the ISO 17024 Standard and, as such, undergoes regular reviews and updates to the exam objectives. EXAM DEVELOPMENT CompTIA exams result from subject matter expert workshops and industry-wide survey results regarding the skills and knowledge required of an entry-level IT professional. CompTIA AUTHORIZED MATERIALS USE POLICY CompTIA Certifications, LLC is not affiliated with and does not authorize, endorse or condone...
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...NT1310 Physical Networking SYLLABUS Credit hours: 4.5 Contact /Instructional hours: 56 (34 Theory, 22 Lab) Prerequisite(s):NT1210 Introduction to Networking or equivalent © ITT Educational Services, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -1- 03/02/2012 NT1310 Physical Networking SYLLABUS COURSE SUMMARY COURSE DESCRIPTION This course examines industry standards and practices involving the physical components of networking technologies (such as wiring standards and practices, various media and interconnection components), networking devices and their specifications and functions. Students will practice designing physical network solutions based on appropriate capacity planning and implementing various installations, testing and troubleshooting techniques for a computer network. MAJOR INSTRUCTIONAL AREAS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Telecommunications Cabling Specifications and Constraints Cabling Tools and Media Network Equipment for Wired and Wireless Networks Cable Testing Fiber Optics and Light Principles Fiber-Optic Cables, Splicing and Connectors Fiber-Optic Light Sources, Detectors and Receivers Fiber-Optic Considerations and Testing COURSE OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Distinguish between bandwidth, frequency, and data rate in a data network Explain the importance of codes, standards, and specifications. Compare and contrast network topologies Describe the characteristics of different...
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...Commerce,Naipunnya Institute of Management and Information Technology Submission date : 15thjuly 2015 By Wireless communication Wireless communication Wireless technology exists to enhance the human sensory feelings to give people the opportunity to be heard, to listen and be educated, to recognize and be recognized. It is a type of technology that allows you to express yourself anywhere, anytime toward achieving a greater level of communication. The objective in this paper is to become familiar with the concept of wireless technology. Various topics are covered to include Wireless history, standards, basic principles, regulatory change, and global implications. There was a time when you could easily count all the men in the country who even pretended to know anything about wireless. No one of the few who were working with wireless then, knew whether a set carefully put together would work at all or how far the signals could be heard. Transmissions of a hundred miles or more were hailed as remarkable. Present-day radio listeners are quite prone to think of radio as nothing more than telephonic broadcasting. But before the wireless telephone, came tremendous amounts of hard, sometimes discouraging, but always fascinating and essentially romantic work. Wireless first startled the world’s fair in 1904. At that time there was, of course, no radio public, and the range of wireless was only a few miles. The sending and receiving instruments were unbelievably crude, resembling in no...
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...4G Fourth-Generation Cellular Communication System AGENDA y y y y y Introduction Evolution of Data Standards WiMAX The Road Ahead Closing Thoughts 4G DEFINITION 4G 3G 2G 1G 0G Fourth Generation Cellular Communication (4G) 4G is not one defined technology or standard, but rather a collection of technologies and protocols aimed at creating fully packet-switched networks optimized for data. 4G networks are projected to provide speeds of 100 Mbps while moving and 1 Gbps while stationary. EVOLUTION OF DATA STANDARDS 4G 3G 2G 1G 0G Zero Generation Mobile Systems (0G) The radio telephone system preceded modern cellular mobile telephony technology (1G). The radio telephone system contained one central antenna tower per region. The central antenna required radio phones to have a powerful transmitter, capable of transmitting up to 50 miles. The number of radio telephones per region was limited by the number of available channels. Unlike closed radio systems, radio telephones were connected to the public telephone network and were typically mounted in cars, trucks, and briefcases. EVOLUTION OF DATA STANDARDS 4G 3G 2G 1G 0G First Generation Cellular Communication (1G) The 1G cellular telephone system divided cities into small cells. This division allowed extensive frequency reuse across a city, allowing millions to use cell phones simultaneously. 1G cell phone technology encompassed analog standards introduced in the 1980s and continued...
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...Over the last decade, net neutrality has increasingly made its way into public discourse: politicians on Capitol Hill have battled over it, corporations have worked to curb it and public interest advocates have fought to preserve it. In September, the fight to keep the Internet free and open found its way to the DC’s Circuit Court of Appeals, where Verizon is attempting to overturn the Federal Communications Commission’s current net neutrality regulations. Verizon vs. FCC , which could be decided as soon as this month, is the latest and arguably most important battle to protect the Internet from censorship and discrimination. But what is net neutrality? And what could this case mean for the future of the Internet? We’ve put together this explainer to catch you up. What is net neutrality? Network neutrality, or net neutrality, is a term first coined by technology policy scholar Tim Wu to describe the preservation of online innovation by prohibiting companies from discriminating against some users and content, or prioritizing some content over others. It guarantees a level playing field in which Internet users do not have to pay Internet service providers more for better access to online content, and content generators do not have to pay additional fees to ensure users can access their websites or apps. By the way, what is an Internet service provider? An Internet service provider, or ISP, is a company or organization that sells you access to the Internet....
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...Router Disperses electronic data Network Adaptor Required for each Computer Wired NIC (network interface card) or Ethernet card Wireless Wireless Adaptor With this configuration you can use the file server as locker for all of your data and set up online backup software to back it up continually. The costs for these services are negligible when considering the frustration and lost time that comes from losing your data. I would like to suggest use static IP addresses to each work station not DHCP. What this means is that the IP address of each machine will remain the same at all times. Removing the variability that is associated with DHCP makes trouble shoots much easier if you have any problems or need to add equipment to the network. What you will need to get started; cat 5 Ethernet Cable (purchase lengths accordingly) cable/dsl modem (the box the cable supplying the internet plugs into) Router (Wired or Wi-Fi. If using Wi-Fi stick with 802.11n) Two workstation and two laptop File server (another computer) Modem Printer Network: - One or more devices connected together To the Internet with a router To each other in order to share Resources: Internet Connections Sharing Files Sharing Printers WAN, LAN, WLAN, PAN WAN – Wide Area Network … many computers, locations LAN – Local Area Network … few computers, 1 location PAN – Personal Area Network … home network WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network Note :-...
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...1Lesson 1: Overview of Local Area Networks Objectives By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the functions and advantages of a network. Describe the evolution of networking models. Compare and contrast server-based and peer-to-peer networks. Identify the characteristics of local area networks (LANs). Identify the functions of a networking operating system, network interface cards and transmission media. Compare wired and wireless connections. Identify the advantages of using open standards such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Identify the two types of addressing used on a LAN: MAC addresses and IP addresses. Describe the structure and allocation of IPv4 addresses. Describe the structure of IPv6 addresses. Identify the advantages of using private IP addressing, and describe the process of Network Address Translation (NAT). 1-2 Local Area Networks (LANs) Pre-Assessment Questions 1. In a centralized computing model, what is situated at the center of the network? a. b. c. d. 2. node host mainframe client There is no centralized management of network resources in which type of network? a. b. c. d. 3. A A A A A A A A peer-to-peer network server-based network mainframe network domain-based network What are two characteristics that describe a local area network (LAN)? © 2012 CertPRESS, a...
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...Network Mechanisms This paper will define and describe the differences in mechanisms that make up a network system. It will include topologies and connection mediums, as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with these network mechanisms. Topologies and connection mediums that will be addressed are the following: Topologies: • Mesh • Bus • Ring • Star Connection Mediums: • Ethernet • Token Ring • FIDDI • Wireless Mesh Topology A mesh topology consists of two types, full mesh and partial mesh. Full mesh topology interconnects all systems to each other. This allows for redundancy if one connection is severed. With partial mesh topology only some workstations are interconnected to other computer systems while; others are only connected with systems that an exchange of data occurs (Mitchell, 2011). The advantages and disadvantages of a mesh topology are: Advantages: Disadvantages: Provides redundant paths between systems Time and material to implement The network can be expanded without disruption to current users. Cost to implement (many connections) Dedicated links for transmitting data Complicated implementation Bus Topology A bus topology uses a common backbone that directly connects each system. The backbone consists of a single cable that all transmissions are sent across by the systems that are attached (Mitchell, 2011). The advantages and disadvantages of a bus topology are: Advantages: Disadvantages: Easy to implement...
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...• • • • • Level 5 Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 -- Application Layer (rlogin, ftp, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, HTTP..) -- Transport Layer(a k a Host-to-Host) Layer(a.k.a Host to Host) (TCP, UDP) -- Network Layer (a.k.a. Internet) y ( ) (IP, ICMP, ARP) -- (Data) Link Layer / MAC sub-layer (a.k.a. N t ( k Network Interface or kI t f Network Access Layer) -- Physical Layer • Level 1 Final Exam Review Physical Layer • • • • Time and frequency domains. Bandwidth Band idth and data rate rate. Analog and digital transmission. Simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex transmission Final Exam Review Physical Layer ( Ph i l L (cont’d) ’d) • • • • Transmission impairments. Decibel. S/N ratio. Channel capacity. – Nyquist Nyquist. – Shannon. • Types / properties of media – Copper (UTP: Cat-3, Cat 5) Cat 3, Cat-5) – Fiber. Final Exam Review Physical Layer (cont’d) (cont d) • Data encoding – Analog-to-digital. • (Time sampling / amplitude quantization) – Digital-to-analog. • (D t reconstruction) (Data t ti ) – Transmission modes. • S Synchronous. h • Asynchronous. Final Exam Review Data Li k L D Link Layer Error Control • • Framing Error detection / correction schemes schemes. • Parity. • Hamming distance • CRC (polynomial encoding) . Final Exam Review Data Li k L D Link Layer Flow Control • Acknowledgement • Stop and Wait • PAR (P i i A k (Positive Acknowledgement with l d ih Retransmission) • ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) • Sliding Window • Piggybacking • “go back n” • Pipelining • S l ti repeat Selective...
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...All-In-One / CompTIA Network+ All-in-One Exam Guide / Meyers & Jernigan / 170133-8 / Appendix A A PPENDIX Mapping to the CompTIA A+ Objectives A CompTIA A+ Essentials Objectives Map Topic Chapter(s) Domain 1.0 Hardware 1.1 Categorize storage devices and backup media FDD 3 HDD 3, 11 Solid state vs. magnetic Optical drives CD / DVD / RW / Blu-Ray Removable storage 11 3, 13 3, 13 11, 13, 17 Tape drive 17 Solid state (e.g. thumb drive, flash, SD cards, USB) 13 External CD-RW and hard drive 13, 11 Hot swappable devices and non-hot swappable devices 13 1.2 Explain motherboard components, types and features Form Factor 9 ATX / BTX, 9 micro ATX 9 NLX 9 I/O interfaces 3, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25 Sound 3, 20 Video 3 1219 AppA.indd 1219 12/9/09 5:58:26 PM All-In-One / CompTIA Network+ All-in-One Exam Guide / Meyers & Jernigan / 170133-8 / Appendix A CompTIA A+Certification All-in-One Exam Guide 1220 Topic Chapter(s) USB 1.1 and 2.0 3, 18 Serial 3, 18 IEEE 1394 / Firewire 3, 18 Parallel 3, 22 NIC 3, 23 Modem 3, 25 PS/2 18 Memory slots 3, 6 RIMM 6 DIMM 3, 6 SODIMM 6 SIMM 6 Processor sockets 3, 5, 9 Bus architecture 5, 8 Bus slots 8, 9, 21 PCI 8, 9 AGP 8, 9 PCIe 8, 9 AMR 9 CNR 9 PCMCIA 21 PATA 11 IDE 11 EIDE 11 SATA, eSATA ...
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...Wireless technology upgrade Tony Madrid Keller Graduate School of Management of DeVry University Decatur, Georgia NETW562: Wireless Devices & Apps Table of Contents Introduction 1 Strategic business assessment 3 Competition 4 Tradeoff analysis and rationale 5 System selection 5 Customer devices 6 Design a Wireless System 7 System description 9 Efficient Support 9 Quality of Service (QoS) 10 Service description 10 Network Detection and Selection 10 Service Continuity with Seamless Connections 10 Topology Independence 10 Coverage analysis 11 Initial capabilities and limitations 11 Less Complexity, Faster Transmission 13 Enhanced Mobile Gaming 13 Presence 14 Broadband Access in Remote Locations 14 Financial outlay 16 Conclusion 17 Wireless technology upgrade Introduction In telecommunications, 4G (also known as 4-G) is an acronym used to refer to the fourth generation of technologies for mobile telephony. It is the successor of the technologies 2G and 3G; 4G is based entirely on IP protocol, with a system of systems and a network of networks, which is achieved through the convergence of wired and wireless networks. This technology may be used by wireless modems, smart phones and other mobile devices. The 4th generation technology gives ultra broadband experience over the internet access on mobile devices, like, laptop with USB wireless modems, mobile devices and smart phones. Imaginable application, which includes, the...
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...communication process” “Effective vs Good communication” & “Electronic communication” Submitted To Mohammad Milon Lecturer Department of Business Administration Submitted By Rahat Ahmed Chowdhury ID No: 131-116-051 BBA, 29th (B) Submission date: 23th February 2014 Steps of Communication Process Communication process is the sharing of meaningful information between two or more people with the goal of the receiver understanding the sender's intended message. 1.Develop an idea In the communication process the first and foremost thing is to develop an idea. It is the initial steps for starting a communication process. Before a communication we must have do the following things: * Identifying the purpose of our communication * Identifying our audience * Plan and design our message * Consider our resources * Strategize how we’ll connect with the media and others who can help us spreading our message * Creating an action plan * Decide how we’ll evaluate your plan and adjust it, based on the results of carrying it out 2.Encode This is the process of thinking of what we want to communicate, and then representing that thought in a verbal or non verbal way 3.Transmit It is the process of sending and propagating an analogue or digital information signal over a physical point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission medium, either wired, optical fiber or wireless. 4.Receivers The receiver...
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