...pregnancy usually at around 28 weeks or later many women are diagnosed with gestational diabetes (Pepe, 2004). It is a serious condition with health implications for mother and baby. Gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy (Sugaya, 2005). Pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood glucose (sugar) levels during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes. Based on recently announced diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes, it is estimated that gestational diabetes affects 18% of pregnancies (National Diabetes Data Group, 2009). According to WHO (2011), GDM affects 3-10% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied, and is growing in prevalence. The World Health Organization criteria as a guide to the severity of hyperglycemia, mentioned that there is a significant increases in the incidences of the more severe grades of GDM in parturient born in the Mediterranean region, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Egypt, and Arabic countries. Babies born to mothers with GDM are at increased risk of problems typically such as being large for gestational age, low blood sugar, and jaundice (Khan, 2004). Women with GDM are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus after pregnancy (Gabbe, 2010). Up to one-third of affected women have diabetes or impaired glucose metabolism at their postpartum screening...
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...Case study – Gestational Diabetes and the effects it has on mothers and neonates As midwifery becomes more complicated and the numbers of women becoming pregnant, who present with or develop medical conditions which can impact on the health of themselves and their babies increases; it is important midwives are knowledgeable in order to recognise and help manage the risks and complications that may arise as a result of these conditions. Furthermore able to discuss these risks with expectant mothers and their families, to ensure women are able to make informed decisions about care which they receive, even if choices available to them are restricted as a result of the condition which they are suffering from. For this case study I have decided to explore diabetes and the affects it has on care mothers and their babies require antenatally, during the intrapartum period and postnatally. As 87.5% of pregnancies affected by diabetes are due to the development of gestational diabetes (NICE,2008) and therefore the most common type, I have decided to focus on gestational diabetes, although many of the guidelines put in place are similar when caring for women who have diabetes prior to becoming pregnant. With no previous medical experience prior to embarking on my midwifery degree, I had limited knowledge of gestational diabetes and the impact it can have on women physically and emotionally; especially if left undiagnosed or the care they receive is lacking. I wanted to gain a better...
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...What is diabetes? Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition where the amount of glucose in the blood is too high Glucose comes from the digestion of carbohydrate containing food and drinks and is also produced by the liver Carbohydrate comes from many different sources including starchy foods such as bread, potatoes and chapattis, fruit, dairy products, sugar and other sweet foods The food we eat turns into glucose (sugar) for energy The pancreas makes insulin (a hormone) to help glucose get into the cells of our body When someone has diabetes their body either doesn’t make any/enough or can’t use its own insulin as it should Glucose begins to build up in the blood Prevalence: WHO estimate in: 2000 = 177 million diabetic people 2025 = 300 million diabetic people = 9% global population IDF (international diabetes federation): 2 million diabetic people in UK with over 750,000 undiagnosed NICE: 650,000 women give birth in England & Wale each year and 2-5% (13,000-32,500) involves women with diabetes, of these: * 87.5% are Gestational Diabetes (GD) * 7.5% are Type 1 * 5% are Type 2 From 1997-2003 there was 74% rise in new cases in the UK with the West Midlands being one of the highest areas (News, 2009) Treatment: Aim: to maintain glycaemic control – regular monitoring is required Lifestyle: diet, exercise Medication – tablet or injection e.g. Insulin, rapid acting insulin analogues (Aspart, Lispro) and/or hypoglycaemic agents (Metformin and Glibenclamide) ...
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...should be brought to attention. The article discusses and explains the research behind how women with diabetes are more likely to have a higher staged breast cancer than women who do not have diabetes. The study was tried on more than thirty eight thousand women who have breast cancer. Out of that total a little over six thousand women had diabetes. According to the article, “Breast cancer patients with diabetes were significantly more likely to present with advanced stage breast cancer than those without diabetes.” The researches statistics proved that unlike women without diabetes those with diabetes were fourteen percent more likely to get stage two breast cancer, twenty one percent more likely to get Stage three and sixteen percent more likely to get stage four. However, this was not the only finding that I found to be extremely important. The article also discussed how those with diabetes are also more likely to have the cancer spread throughout their bodies causing lymph node metastases, and larger tumors. The article really raised my attention because many members of my own family including my personal family have diabetes so this topic hit home for me. I was intrigued to find that there was a correlation between the two since both the disease and the cancer are so different and affect such different parts of your body. I don’t think that many people would ever assume that having diabetes could take your risk of cancer severity even higher. I really enjoyed reading this article...
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...August 6, 2012 Rebecca Johnson RN, MSN, FNP, BC Culture and Disease I chose diabetes mellitus for my culture and disease paper because it is a disease that runs in my family, and there are so many people in this society living with diabetes and does not know they have it or just do not want to take this disease very seriously. Diabetes mellitus is a disease, which affects the glucose level in the blood, whether it is too high or too low, can cause harm to the body. There are three types of diabetes: type I, which is also know as juvenile diabetes that affects most children and young adults have to take an insulin injection everyday to regulate the glucose level. Type II or adult onset diabetes, which is more serious and develops when the body cannot function to make the required amount of insulin, which is diagnosed mostly in would find affecting more adults. In this case the patient has to take both insulin injections and medication by mouth to help regulate the amount of glucose or sugar the body produces, there is gestational diabetes, which affects only pregnant women, no matter the culture of the mother and if the diabetes is not monitored closely in a pregnant woman or taken under control it can be transferred onto the mother’s unborn child. If a mother develops gestational diabetes during pregnancy, it is said that the mother can develop type II diabetes later in life. Diabetes is a very serious disease, if not taken care of can cause severe side effects, kidney...
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...Diabetes and Pregnancy HCS/245 Instructor September 10, 2012 Abstract Being pregnant is a very exciting time in a women’s life. The thoughts of bring a new life into the world can be exciting and scary at the same time. A woman can have diabetes before becoming pregnant and they can also develop diabetes during pregnancy, this called Gestational diabetes. In the past, women who were known to have diabetes were discouraged about becoming pregnant due to all the health problems for the mother and the health problems that a baby could develop before being born (WebMD, page 1). A few of the health problems for the mother would be: miscarriage, premature delivery, low blood glucose at delivery, eye problems, worsening kidney problems, and preeclampsia just to name a few. The health problems for the baby would be birth defects, prolonged jaundice, respiratory distress syndrome, and being born prematurely and all the problems that go along with being premature. Another common problem with babies of pregnant women with diabetes is that they have very large babies. This happens because the babies receive too much sugar from the mother and it turns to fat which in turn increases the size of the baby. This can make the baby to large to be delivered naturally and a cesarean delivery would then be necessary. As stated in WebMD, “once delivered, the baby could develop dangerously low blood sugar right after delivery because of high levels...
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...or know of someone currently diagnosed with diabetes?”)There are an estimated 15 million people with some form of diabetes in the United States.” According to the National Diabetes Fact Sheet, “1.9 million new cases of diabetes are diagnosed in people aged 20 years and older in 2010.” Diabetes ranks seventh among the leading causes of death in the United States and causes more deaths than breast cancer and AIDS combined. . Preview: Diabetes is a chronic disease in which there are high levels of sugar in the blood. There are three main types of diabetes, Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin Dependent, and Gestational Diabetes. . Body . Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus also known as Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease. Type I diabetes is also known as juvenile onset diabetes. 1. “Only 5% of people with diabetes have this form of the disease.” 2. People with this type have little or no ability to produce insulin. a. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. 3. The pancreas undergoes a change and cells that usually produce insulin are destroyed by the body’s own immune system, believing the pancreas to be a foreign organ. a. As a result, the body may then try to eliminate the pancreas. 4. The cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown; this kind of disorder can be passed down through families. 5. If you have been diagnosed with Type I diabetes, you should have a check-up each week until...
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...Gestational Diabetes Gestational Diabetes Gestational Diabetes 3/8/11 Gestational Diabetes Pathophysiology Gestational diabetes occurs because there is an increase in hormones such as estrogen and that leads to lower levels of glucose as well as many other things that lead to side effects of pregnancy. As the women progresses through her pregnancy, the glucose levels increase steadily and increase as the sensitivity of insulin is decreasing. As the placenta grows, more insulin is needed for the body to control blood glucose levels. Gestational diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce more insulin to control the glucose levels and the placenta is resistant to the insulin the body has. Cause Hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy cause pregnant women’s blood glucose levels to be higher. The placenta becomes insulin resistant and as the placenta grows, the body needs to produce more insulin in order to get glucose in the cells to be used effectively. In gestational diabetes, the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to control the glucose levels. Incidence Gestational diabetes is reported in 2-10 percent of pregnancies and 5 to 10 percent of women who have gestational diabetes are found to have type 2 diabetes. Women who have gestational diabetes are 35 to 60 percent more likely to develop type 2 diabetes in the 10-20 years following their pregnancy. Prognosis Most women with gestational diabetes are successful in controlling...
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...Diabetes Overview Almost everyone knows someone who has diabetes. An estimated 23.6 million people in the United States—7.8 percent of the population—have diabetes, a serious, lifelong condition. Of those, 17.9 million have been diagnosed, and 5.7 million have not yet been diagnosed. In 2007, about 1.6 million people ages 20 or older were diagnosed with diabetes. … Source: 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimates of total prevalence-both diagnosed and undiagnosed-were projected to year 2007. What is diabetes? Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism— the way the body uses digested food for growth and energy. Most of the food people eat is broken down into glucose, the form of sugar in the blood. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body. After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream, where it is used by cells for growth and energy. For glucose to get into cells, insulin must be present. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach. When people eat, the pancreas automatically produces the right amount of insulin to move glucose from blood into the cells. In people with diabetes, however, the pancreas either produces little or no insulin, or the cells do not respond appropriately to the insulin that is produced. Glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of the body in the urine. Thus, the body loses its main source of fuel even though the blood contains large amounts of...
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...distinguish some pregnancy complications from all of the normal pregnancy-related changes in the body?! Gestational diabetes is a temporary type of diabetes and one of the most common pregnancy complications. Based on a 2014 global analysis by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes is as high as 9.2%." (1) Generally, this type of diabetes does not have a very noticeable symptoms or signs. Therefore, this essay will describe the main symptoms of gestational diabetes and discuss how it is diagnosed. There are a few mild symptoms of gestational diabetes...
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...wrote about diabetes for my biology research paper. I need someone to proof read for me. It is in APA style. Thank you! =) In America, the fact that fast food restaurants are located at every corner many people becomes obesity leading to huge risk factors. The various issues of unhealthy living lead to multiple life threatening diseases, such as diabetes. When people hear the news that they have been diagnosed with diabetes, it makes them feel frightened. In 2011, statistics show that in United States 25.8 million of children and adults has diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2012). American Indians and Alaska natives have a higher percentage of adults with diabetes than other ethnicities (Collazo-Clavell et all. 2009). Diabetes is a serious life-long illness caused by high level of glucose in the blood. This condition is when the body cannot produce insulin that is located in the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that moderates the blood level. Diabetes affects the process of how the body uses blood sugar (Collazo-Clavell et all. 2009). Glucose is significant since it is “the main source of fuel” (Collazo-Clavell et all. 2009). There is no cure for diabetes but there are ways to lower the risks. Although diabetes is a disorder, it can also lead to other factors such as heart attack, kidney failure, or death. A person with diabetes has to maintain a healthy lifestyle including eating the right food, exercising, controlling their blood sugar level, and be optimistic. Diabetes...
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...Diabetes Mellitus Machelle Van N140 Instructor’s Name November 5, 2012 Diabetes Mellitus According to the Australian Institute of Health and Wellness, “Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition in which the body makes too little of the hormone insulin or cannot use it properly” (pg. 1, para 1). The pancreas produces insulin which helps glucose to enter cells through the bloodstream; the sugar is then converted into energy. Diabetes is uncontrollable when there is a build-up of glucose in the bloodstream, and there is not enough glucose entering the cells. If left untreated, diabetes can cause damage to the brain, kidney disease, heart disease, stroke, and complications to other parts of the body. Diabetes often appears in childhood or adolescence. Etiology The disease affects more than 20 million Americans and more than 40 million Americans have pre-diabetes that can lead to type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the cells become resistant to the action of insulin, and the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to overcome the resistance. Three Major Types of Diabetes Type I Diabetes | Type 2 Diabetes | Gestational Diabetes | Diagnosed in childhood or adolescence; the disease can occur in adults. | Common than type 1 diabetes; makes up many of the disease. | Develops at any time during pregnancy. | The body cannot produce insulin. | Occurs frequently in young people, and adulthood. | Women are at a higher risk of developing type...
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...Diabetes Mellitus among African Americans Final Research Paper Peggy Hollie Epidemiology Disease Dr. Peters May 9, 2012 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by abnormal metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat, resulting in increased levels of blood sugar. The adjective mellitus (for sweet) is used with diabetes insipidus (tasteless), which is so rare that the word diabetes by itself generally refers to diabetes mellitus. The only thing that diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus have in common is polyuria, or frequent urination. There are two forms of diabetes mellitus: Type I, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus IDDM), and Type II, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Diabetes is one of the ten leading causes of death from disease in the United States. It is the result of an insufficient supply of insulin or an inadequate use of insulin that is supplied from the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2010), diabetes affects 25.8 million people 8.3% of the U.S. population, diagnosed 18.8 million people and undiagnosed 7.0 million people. African Americans who have diabetes are 4.9 million or 18.7% aged 20 years or older. African Americans are twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes as non-Hispanic whites. In addition, they are more likely to suffer complications from diabetes, such as end-stage renal disease and lower extremity...
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...lead to multiple life threatening diseases, such as diabetes. When people hear the news that they have been diagnosed with diabetes, it makes them feel frightened. In 2011, statistics show that in United States 25.8 million of children and adults has diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2012). American Indians and Alaska natives have a higher percentage of adults with diabetes than other ethnicities (Collazo-Clavell et all. 2009). Diabetes is a serious life-long illness caused by high level of glucose in the blood. This condition is when the body cannot produce insulin that is located in the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that moderates the blood level. Diabetes affects the process of how the body uses blood sugar (Collazo-Clavell et all. 2009). Glucose is significant since it is “the main source of fuel” (Collazo-Clavell et all. 2009). There is no cure for diabetes but there are ways to lower the risks. Although diabetes is a disorder, it can also lead to other factors such as heart attack, kidney failure, or death. A person with diabetes has to maintain a healthy lifestyle including eating the right food, exercising, controlling their blood sugar level, and be optimistic. Diabetes occurs in several forms but the major ones are Type I and II diabetes and gestational diabetes. Type I diabetes is also known as “Juvenile Diabetes” because it typically occurs in children and young adults. The symptoms for Type I diabetes are frequent urination, extreme thirst and hunger, unusual...
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...Diabetes Mellitus Christa Hackett SOC 313 Sabrina Geoffrion June 17, 2013 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic, incurable condition of carbohydrate metabolism that involves an imbalance of the supply and demand for insulin; it is the most common of all endocrine conditions (Laffel & Wood, 2007; Olefsky, 2001). Diabetes is a common health condition that affects millions throughout the universe. Diabetes affects millions of people in different and diverse ethnic groups. In the United States diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death. Diabetes is a growing problem in the US and it is becoming an epidemic. There are 3 types of diabetes mellitus, Type-1, Type-2, and Gestational Diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is insulin dependent and accounts for at least 10% of diagnosed cases. In Type 1 diabetes the immune system makes it hard for the body to produce insulin. With no insulin the body cannot transform sugar from food into nutrients for cells. When excess sugar collects in the blood stream, it may eventually cause premature death and heavy damage to organs. Type-1 diabetes can affect adults and children suddenly and require supplemental insulin, a carefully planned diet and exercise regimen. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in young adults, teenagers, and children. Type 1 diabetes happens when the body’s immune system strike and destroys cells in the pancreas, the organ which is located behind the lower part of the stomach. These beta cells commonly produce insulin, the hormone...
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