...University of Applied Sciences,Frankfurt Leadership in Global Environment Project LEADERSHIP : WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS Masters of Business Administration in Aviation Management Semester 3 Mukul Ringe, Reg No. 1042245 Deputy Chief Aircraft Engineer, Air India Limited Professor: Dr. Yvonne Ziegler 25 March 2014 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………5 1.1 Background …………………………………………………………5 1.2 Scope ………………………………………………………………..5 1.3 Structure of Report and Methodology …………………………...6 2. Women in Leadership Positions ……………………………………6 2.1 Women in Leadership in Indian Industry ………………………...6 2.2 Women in Leadership in world Industry ………………………….7 3. Higher education in women in India ……………………………….8 3.1 Sequential Growth ………………………………………………….8 3.2 Society perceptions and limitations ………………………………9 3.3 Government Initiatives ……………………………………………10 3.4 Economic Considerations ………………………………………..10 4. Carrier Family Balancing …………………………………………...10 4.1 Gender Discrimination ……………………………………………11 4.2 Historical Gender Bias ……………………………………………12 4.3 Duties of motherhood and Homemaker ………………………..12 5. Diversity Management Programs …………………………………12 5.1 Gender Diversity …………………………………………………..13 5.2 Diversity as a result of Religion, caste and Education ………..13 5.3 Managing Diversity ……………………………………………….13 6. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………14 References …………………………………………………………….15 Page i Table of Figures Figure 1: Positions held by women in Fortune 500 companies.........
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...Gender's Impact on Leadership in Organizations Abstract This paper put into perspective the impact of gender on organization leadership. The paper will mainly be looking at the factors that bring about the gender disparities when it comes to leadership in organizations. It also seeks to understand the development of leadership in late 19th century and in the early 20th century. It looks at theories like The great man theory which believes leaders are born and not made and the situational theory which states that leaders are molded in conformity with their environment. All these theories are aimed at understanding how the organization leadership was shaped, and the role played by gender in their formation. The paper also looks at the mitigating factors that inform gender in leadership. The paper also looks at the issue of leadership techniques employed by both genders. It analyzes the effectiveness of both the techniques and how they affect the overall performance of the organization. Some of the difficulties confronted by women in organization leadership include confidence, excessive scrutiny, lack of sponsors and mentors for women. Other include career paths that lack empathy for women needs while in leadership, gender biases, leadership identity and lack of networking ability. The paper is not exhaustive in its mandate to tackle all the issues concerning organizational leadership. Issues like gender-based management can still be explored in future research papers. This paper...
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...Jones explored the phenomena of leadership in higher education from the perspectives of women who hold leadership positions at community colleges in west Texas. Traditionally, higher education has been a male-dominated field which made it difficult for women to attain administrative positions. However, in today’s community colleges, women hold 50% of the leadership positions at community colleges in the United States, which shows the openness of community colleges to accept women in leadership positions. Additionally, the number of administrators projected to retire from community colleges in the near future illustrates that opportunities...
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...Discussion WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP ROLES Coordinated by the Division for the Advancement of Women Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Hosted by WomenWatch With support from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 19 November to 15 December 2007 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this report reflect the opinions of participants to the online discussion and not the official views of the United Nations Contents 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Theme One: Status of women in leadership positions globally ....................................................... 5 2.1. Country experiences ................................................................................................................5 2.2. Ability of women in leadership positions to influence change .....................................................6 2.3. Instruments and methodologies to measure impact ..................................................................8 3. Theme Two: Factors that influence women’s access to decision-making positions —views from public administration, the judiciary and the private sector................................................................. 9 3.1. Representation of women in the public sector.........................................................................10 3.2. Representation of women in the judiciary...
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...number of African American women are succeeding on the long road to career advancement and leadership positions. Nevertheless, racism and sexism still hinder their efforts for career advancement and leadership positions. Black women are facing an intense combination of discrimination in American institutions. Because we live in a white male-dominated society, it is easy to underestimate African American women’s leadership potential and abilities. African American women are looked at as inferior beings, rather than as equals capable of accomplishing any and everything a man can. The purpose of this research will be to investigate how education influences career advancement and leadership positions of African American...
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...Leadership: Women Make Better Leaders than Men Jay Wilson April 7, 2013 Leadership: Women Make Better Leaders than Men Abstract Men still run the world, but many recent studies indicate that the world might be in better shape if women were more often in charge. Women’s approach to leadership may be more effective than men’s. Several literatures prove that women behave differently as leaders because of the demands society places on them and their internalization of those demands. Because people tend to be less willing to tolerate a tough, authoritarian, and unfeminine style in women, they tend to take a more democratic and collaborative approach. Although women continue to face immense challenges in getting to the top, there is empirical evidence that suggest considerable progress being made toward gender parity in both the private and public domain. Toward this end, his paper agues that though men continue to hold a supper majority of leadership positions, women being both transformational and transactional leaders, make better leaders than men. Keywords: women leadership; gender; transformational; transactional INTRODUCTION For a long time now, men have held every major leadership role in the world than women. Does society ever pause for a moment to wonder what the world would look like if women were in position of leadership? Although this concept may seem far fetched, indeed the world and time is changing considerably...
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...females that aspire to leadership positions? Substantive Differences A fair amount of research has explored sex differences in business leadership. Although mostly survey research, a number of themes appear consistently, suggesting that there are some substantive differences between men and women with regard to leadership performance. For example, with regard to global leadership, research by Javidan et al. (2016) suggest that women demonstrate stronger leadership self-efficacy (the importance of which is iterated by Locke & Latham, 2002; Hannah et al., 2008; Lester et al., 2011; Luthans & Peterson, 2002; Paglis & Green, 2002) profiles in regard to passion for diversity, intercultural diversity and diplomacy, while men tend to show strong leadership self-efficacies regarding global business savvy, cosmopolitan outlook and interpersonal impact. Women tend to behave more ethically than do men, and also tend to be more personable (Anonymous, 2013; Stedham et al., 2007). An article by Gannon (2012) discusses research showing that women leaders are judged as more supportive and rewarding, whereas men are judged to be better at such behaviors as delegating and managing up. Other research is described in the Gannon (2012) article,* suggesting that women leaders demonstrate higher levels of compassion and team-building skills. In addition, women leaders are also rated to be more persuasive and assertive. Still other research has shown that more women than men asked their bosses...
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...The underrepresentation of women in leadership positions in higher education, the inequality compensated face by women, and limited upward mobility into leadership has captured the attention of the scholarly community. Lowe (2011) documents the underrepresentation of women in chief executive officer’s positions, since they represent less than 10% in theological education, thus, hitting the stained glass ceiling. In past two decades, gender imbalance has negatively impacted women employment at Christian colleges, universities, and other nonprofits that have reflected less than 30% representation in leadership roles (Longman & Anderson, 2016). According to Scott (2014), “Since the 1970s, researchers have argued that female leaders struggle with incongruity between their role as a leader and their prescribed gender role because the traits we often desire in leaders tend to be traits we...
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...Women Leaders, Overlooked Many of the challenges that women face in the workplace are the same as those for men. These challenges include work/life balance, parenting, juggling many responsibilities and multi-tasking. Challenges specific to women continue to be a wage gap. Women have always faced many obstacles and barriers to gain entry in the corporate world when attempting to progress their careers. Some barriers that women will encounter at all levels are prejudice and resistance to women’s leadership. Other factors that keep women from getting leadership roles within an organization are their ethnicity, race and age. Women are in many managerial positions and deserve the same opportunities as men, but women are constantly overlooked simply because of their gender. Women are still not getting the leadership positions they deserve because many feel that women lack skills and are not deemed worthy of leadership roles. Even in the twentieth century women are not treated the same when it comes to leadership positions within an organization. Women are constantly underrepresented in top corporate leadership positions around the world, although they have proven time and time again that they have industry knowledge and superior leadership abilities. Although the ceiling has been shattered, women in powerful roles are still very rare. For the women that have broken the barrier and are in top leadership positions within their organizations, they appear to have high...
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...1 RACE, GENDER, & LEADERSHIP Race, Gender, & Leadership: What Impact Does Race and Gender have on Leadership Advancement for Women and Women of Color? Dawn MJ Hyman University of Baltimore 2 RACE, GENDER, & LEADERSHIP Introduction Race and gender disparities in public leadership still plague the workplace despite the continued growth of a more diverse demographic landscape. For women and women of color, this presents a unique challenge in their aspirations for leadership positions as well as how they are perceived and behave as leaders. We will examine leadership through the context of race and gender, discuss biases, perceptions and stereotypes, compare and contrast leadership experiences between women and women of color, review leadership behavior with regards to agency, and then complete the discussion with a summary and conclusion. 3 RACE, GENDER, & LEADERSHIP Race, Gender, & Leadership: What Impact Does Race and Gender have on Leadership Advancement for Women and Women of Color? Depending on the definer, leadership has taken on a host of various definitions – with most depicting the use of power, authority, and influence to promote the actions of others for goal achievement (Yukl, 2009). Early on, while studies have been conducted on men and leadership, women – particularly women of color – were excluded completely from this research until the 1970’s and 1980’s (Chemers, 1997). It’s critical to address the current scarcity of leaders...
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...Vols and therefore women of an unmistakable type. Fighters. I remember how many of them fought for a better life for themselves, I just met them halfway” (Jenkins & Summitt, 2013). The importance of a player and coach relationship in the athletes’ athletic and academic objectives is exemplified in this quote. Countless student-athletes begin their careers with aspirations of becoming professionals, and desire a coach who will help them achieve this goal. Disregarding student athletes’ aspirations, in a recent NCAA report, only 19.1 percent of men’s basketball players play professionally, with only 1.1 percent of those playing in the National Basketball...
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...Leadership In today's organizations, flexibility, teamwork, trust and information sharing are replacing rigid structures, competitive individualism, control and secrecy. The leadership styles of women and men continues to differ as women increasingly enter leadership roles that traditionally are occupied mainly by men. Similarities in women and men leadership styles tend to out weigh the differences. Although revealing relatively small differences, women, more than men, appear to lead in styles that recommend them for leadership. In contrast, men, more than women, appear to lead in less advantageous styles by attending to supervisors' failures to meet standards and displaying behaviors that entail avoiding solving problems. The best leaders listen, motivate and provide support to their people. The leadership communication styles that women typically use make them better than men at negotiating. Some communication strengths for women leaders include: they enhance teamwork, they encourage innovation through collaboration, and they increase opportunities for continuous improvement because of open access to information. Communication strengths for men leaders include: they tend to set strong boundries, they assign clear responsibilities and they weed out weak performers. Companies may suffer by not developing and retaining some of the best talent, which is key in remaining competitive in the business world. The perceptions by...
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...In this paper I choose to write about the Social Perception of women in the workplace, because women in the professional industry are overlooked everyday especially when u a woman of different race; It becomes very difficult to gain respect or even promotion in that field. In today’s world women of different race are forced to deal with racism and sexism and they have to tolerate it if they want to keep that job but when does this behavior stop; I mean how long can this women continue to keep silent just because they want to provide for their families and if they fight back they are painted as the aggressor “saying she wanted it” but do a young woman walking an office asking for job, or even walking the office asking to be harassed about her body or been called names wanting it. In order for women to talking seriously in his century they have to act like men, be aggressive like them, make their presence by been hard which sometimes can lead to people calling her names; but as a woman of color I understand that they have no choice but to act that way because that’s the only way anybody in that office will take them seriously. With most women of color today the perception of how they see other women been treated can alter their choices in career, so sometimes they settle for career where they feel more comfortable it may not be the dream career they want, if you take a look at most fortune 500 companies almost all their CEO’s are men it rarely before you see a woman CEO in any...
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...Introduction The business environment offers a lot of challenges for every individual looking to penetrate this field especially for women as it is a field dominated by males and gives men an unfair advantage over women. Women are still very largely underrepresented in leadership positions in the business environment since women started to be visible in the environment during the late 1970’s. Adler & Izraeli (1994: 89) state that, “although women represent more than 50% of the world population, there is no country in which women represent half, or even close to half of the corporate managers”. Therefore in this essay one shall attempt to discuss the leadership challenges facing women in the business environment by firstly defining leadership...
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...of the Future of Women “Whatever women do they must do twice as well as men to be thought half as good. Luckily, this is not difficult”, Charlotte Whitton (The Soul Sisters). Hilary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and Oprah Winfrey are just a few names who have taken women leadership to the next level. But why does progress still seem to be a struggle for other women? Men seem to be dominating the political world in the U.S., and females seem to be striving to be the next powerhouses, but their professional image seems to be standing in the way of their future. Although women have made significant progress in obtaining low level leadership positions, their professional image continues to prevent them from receiving these same positions in higher forms. Political standards for future female candidates have become increasingly difficult to fulfill. The claim made for women not obtaining these higher level positions is simply because women are “less hierarchical, more cooperative and collaborative, and more oriented increasing other’s self-worth” (Eagly, pg. 2). Candidates for the job must be “likeable and tough” (Braude), which is seemingly become more and more difficult for female leaders these days when men are strong participants with these characteristics. When one wants to put a female and a male in a rink together, who would come out on top? The obvious choice would be the male, but it is not time to give a female the chance? The opportunity for women leaders to take control...
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