...Leadership Styles of Men and Women Executive Summary A research study on the main characteristics that lay the foundation for leadership styles of men and women is carried out in this paper. The key focus emphasized in this paper is on recognizing and studying the differences between the 2 sexes with respect to leadership attributes. Factors that lead to this distinction are highlighted, along with the traditional reasons that lead to these differences. A historical insight into the various trends that dominated different societies is given, in a view to engage the reader and lead him/her to understand how the gender roles evolved as the societies evolved. Many challenges that women encountered in the past are described that further aid in this understanding. The outcomes of this comparative study are then observed. These outcomes include gender-stereotypic expectations by the leaders, mental health of the individuals, efficiency at the job role, industrial pressure and gender discrimination. Generic leadership traits for men and women are observed and described, which tie to the gender-stereotypes. These observations distinguish the women to possess an interpersonal-oriented leadership style, as opposed to men, who possess task-oriented style of leadership. Different leadership studies are implemented to understand the impact of these styles. The impact varies for organizational studies, laboratory experiments and assessment studies. Other traits like how the leadership qualities...
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...Women in the trucking industry Women in the trucking industry Reference Page What is the value of the Women in Trucking Association Western Trucking News March 2016 Issue 94 https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-012-x/99-012-x2011002-eng.cfm https://www.truckinghr.com/en/content/women-drive http://www.mover.net/movers/news/releases/NationalOccStandardsChart.pdf https://www.thestar.com/business/2016/05/16/trucking-industry-faces-labour-shortage-as-it-struggles-to-attract-young-drivers.html http://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/16/the-next-big-thing-in-us-trucking-female-drivers.html http://breakawaystaffing.ca/women-in-trucking/ The article I chose for this assessment was about women in the trucking industry, and how the Women in Trucking Association (WIT) started. It began with small group of thoughtful, committed individuals who’ve been focused on increasing the percentage of women employed in the trucking industry. The article brings attention to the fact that, although women make up half the labor force, a very small percentage are in the trucking industry. One of the goals the Women in Trucking organization has is to address reasons why women aren’t fairly represented in trucking industry roles. They’ve conducted research to better understand what women are looking for in a company, what values attract them and where to find potential female drivers. The article discusses how some trucking manufacturers are now changing cab designs...
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...housewife and mother, and women were not entering the workforce, however, the role of women has drastically changed. Until modern time, legal and cultural practices, combined with longstanding religious and educational conventions restricted women’s entry and participation in the workforce. In today’s society, women populate approximately 47 percent of the United States labor force. While women in the workforce is a modern phenomenon, it would not be possible without the pioneers of the Women’s Rights Movement; however there are still challenges women face, such as gender discrimination. Gender discrimination is treating individuals differently in their employment specifically because the individual is a woman or a man. Currently the federal law, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, protects individuals from discrimination based upon sex or gender. This law makes it illegal for an employer to discriminate against individuals because of their gender in the following actions: hiring, firing, and other terms and conditions of employments, such as promotions, raises, and other job opportunities. Title VII covers all private employers, state and local government, and educational institutions that employ more than 15 individuals. Even though gender discrimination is illegal for companies to discriminate against, it seems to still be an issue in the 21st century. The focus of this research paper is on gender discrimination in the technology industry in Silicon Valley as recent...
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...Women in the Technology Field COM/156 Women in the Technology Field The revolution of technology had begun centuries ago; it had been the work of many over the years to bring it where it is today. It entailed people with bright imaginations to come up with technological inventions. These inspiring designs were then taken and built upon to improve its operation. Finally computers were no longer a revolution, but an evolution. During the course of time many men as well as women were affected by technology. Unfortunately, women have not received the same form of acceptance as the men in this field of work. After careful research, women in technology, they found it was difficult to find the names of women influential in technology. In the era when women are increasingly prominent in many industries, there are few women in technology. There are many reasons some women might avoid a career in the technology field. Technology advancement and improvements increase the separation between genders, which show that industrialization and the principles of gender influence each other. Men and women have very different decision making-processes when assessing new technology. In the past, women were considered to be incapable to perform on the same level as men when dealing with technology. Women have been mainly seen as the “stay at home and take care of the kids” person. The majority of professionals in the technology field are male; these are manly environments in which...
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...Status of women in a society gets reflected in the roles played by them in its institutions such as family, political or other social groups. Corporate also echo the same. In Indian industry woman hold more positions of power now than in the past. Indian hospitality industry also shows the same pattern. But compared to their share in population women hold few positions compared to males. This is in spite of a number of measures taken by the government through legislation and policy measures. The vertically typical “Gender Pyramid “is prevalent in this too- lower level occupation with few career development opportunities dominated by women and key managerial positions dominated by men. Earlier studies found the deeply entrenched beliefs and stereotyped attitudes towards women in the workplace to be the main barrier in gender equality. Though India seems poised for superpower status because of its booming economy. However, beneath the spectacular “India Shining” story lurks an area of darkness – the unequal status of its women, who constitute more than half its demographic. This study on Gender Equality in Indian Hotel Industry- A study of Perception of male and female employees aims to examine whether female employees of hotel industry perceive gender equality issues differently than male employees. It collects information from 13 hotels and 110 respondents in NCR on 5-point likert scale on 27 items. For analysis Independent samples T test is used, and results of study demonstrate...
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...How Music Treats Women Madonna and Don Mclean sang about “the day the music died.” While music hasn’t died, it has certain changed. Music has been commercialized, and it has become quite the profitable business. Gone are the days of artistic expression. They’ve given way to the era of the bottom dollar. This music industry is dominated by men. The artists, managers, and executives are all mostly males. They target other males as their primary consumers, and everything revolves around that fact. The easiest way to market a product is with sex, and since these industry’s power players target male consumers, they use women as cheap sexual marketing tools. The music industry promotes the objectification of women because they are used to sell a product with their sexual appeal. While the majority of the earth’s population is female, most people in positions of influence are actually men. For years, females have been forced to keep silent in a male-dominated world. Jennifer Mclune states in her article “Unlike men, women in hip-hop don’t speak in a collective voice.”(1) Women have very little voice in the music business, and few females wield any real power. The industry is full of male power players including most producers and composers. A heavy hitter in the hip hop world is Rapper Jay Z. He’s been around for several years, and he’s sold plenty of records. Jay Z also has his own clothing line and owns a sports representation agency. Needless to say, this man is at the top of...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR-I An Analysis Of The case study on “Julia Stasch’s Dilemma” INTRODUCTION: The case revolves around Julia Stasch who from being a teacher went on to join Stein and Company. Stein & Company is a real estate company providing complete array of real estate services. Stasch work here could be called as Change Agent in the industry. Her efforts in introducing affirmative action as well encouraging women and minorities to be part of real estate industry improved their conditions. However because of the mentality of being a male dominated industry in construction projects, she was facing problems of introducing and encouraging women workforce in construction industry The Case study concludes as to what Julia Stasch should do to overcome her dilemma, introduce changes and also be able to obtain the bid Metcalfe Federal building to advance the cause. OUTLINE OF THE CASE: Stein & company, founded by Richard A Stein which started as a small venture handling rehabilitation of townhouses evolved into a successful enterprise responsible for over a billion worth of commercial properties in Chicago . Julia Stasch, a socially conscious high school teacher, joined Stein and Company as a secretary to Richard Stein but rose to the status of president and chief operating officer within 15 years. Julia Stasch’s first real opportunity to address minority and women’s issues in construction began in 1984 when Stein and Company was asked by the city of Chicago...
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...by many. It appears to be more competitive than ever before, especially as a profession for women. It looks like a glamorous career for women because they are traveling from one sporting event to another, meeting athletes, and reporting on the sideline during games. So, as we see an increase in women striving to become sports broadcast journalist, as well as the number of women seen and heard reporting sports, it is a challenge today as it was over a decade ago. The issue is whether or not women in sports media are afforded the same opportunities that include prominent positions, reporting male games as well as female games, benefits and salary based on their qualifications and credibility...
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...dramatically. (Roth, 2004) They fought to distance themselves from the oppressing male ideals that women were only seen as “wives, mothers or maids,” to instead also be seen as “lovers, friends and comrades.” (Roth, 2004:82) In current society, “women generally don’t find themselves having to choose just one role for themselves. A woman can be wife, mother, entrepreneur, professional, career-minded, and any number of other things all at the same time…” (Amos, 2010) The man’s role in society has also changed vastly in the past thirty years from sole-earner to primary-earner in most cases, as well as fathers who are more involved in raising the family and assisting in domestic chores. Even with these shifts traditional gender roles are just below the surface. Ms. Wingo, with whom I chose to compare the change of gender roles, grew up being taught that women had to date and marry a man, and that he would take care of her. That was the role of the woman; find and marry a man who will take care of her financially while she looked after the home and raised the children. There was no allowance for wanting a life of her own, or to allow for a partner of the same gender. It was against social culture at the time for a woman be single or to have a relationship with another woman. Thanks to organised feminist groups, this is no longer the case today; at least it isn’t the case on the surface of society. Women are free to remain single to focus on their own lives and careers, choose their...
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...Studies (IJMS) Vol.6, No.1, January 2013 pp: 77-97 Glass Ceiling and Women Career Advancement: Evidence from Nigerian Construction Industry Obamiro John Kolade1*, Obasan Kehinde2 1. Department of Business Studies,Covenant University, Ota,Ogun State, Nigeria 2. Department of Business Administration,Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye Ogun State, Nigeria (Received: 9 December 2011; Revised: 19 February 2012; Accepted: 26 February 2012) Abstract Despite the fact that women possess the required knowledge, skills, competencies, training and experiences to perform effectively and efficiently in construction industry, they experience entry and career advancement barriers. This research examines the effects of glass ceiling syndrome on women career advancement in construction industry. Data were obtained through structured questionnaire distributed to workers of selected construction companies. The findings reveal that some of the barriers mentioned in the literature against women career advancement in construction are prevalent in Nigeria, except the existence of equality in respect of male and female in terms of employment and career development opportunity. Also, low women participation in Nigerian construction industry begins in choosing course, education and continues throughout recruitment process. The aim is to encourage women's participation in construction industry and employers to tackle the industry‟s environmental issues by introducing flexible work hour, reducing workload...
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...Woman” contain a powerful message of female empowerment. Songs like this challenge the traditional devaluation of women as incapable and weak. With the rise of feminism, many more female artists have started to include feminist ideas in their songs. Thus, the topic on how popular music has helped bring forth the idea of feminism is of great relevance to our world today. Literature Review The personal struggles and triumphs that female artists portray in their songs and lives, relates to and in turn empowers females in patriarchal societies. Nelson (1993, p. 77), a rap music journalist, commented that female rap artists in the 1980s had to fight harder than their male counterparts in the industry and yet never replicated the male artists’ success. (As cited in Keyes, 2000, p. 265) Similarly, Madonna worked hard to prove her worth as a female artist in the male dominated pop music industry. (Lugo-Lugo, 2001) The struggles of these two female artists in their respective male dominated trades are parallel to the struggles of females in patriarchal societies. These females desire gender equality and look to female artists and their songs as a source of hope. Female rap artists use rap as a medium to advocate gender equality and in turn created spaces for themselves and other ‘sistas’ as well. (Keyes, 2000, p. 274) In the song lyrics of "The Intelligent Black Women Coalition National Anthem" and "Sisterland" from Make Way for the Motherlode (1991), Yo-Yo speaks on female empowerment...
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...Literature pertaining to entrepreneurial women is very limited. There are numerous books that depict the lives of wage-earning women in Canada; however works on self-employed women are uncommon. The Business of Women- Marriage, Family, and Entrepreneurship in British Columbia, 1901-1951, was written by Melanie Buddle in 2010, under UBC Press. In The Business of Women, Buddle attempts to highlight the key features of entrepreneurial women in the 1900’s in Western Canada, exploring how and why women entered the business world. In this book, Buddle examines case studies and primary documents in order to expose the world of female entrepreneurs. Buddle focuses on issues of gender and class relations that influenced the ability of women to become self-employed. Although the information presented in this book represent the period of 1901 to 1951, I will attempt to draw connections, through the use of a summary and analysis, between the materials presented in this book to 21st century businesswomen. In the first part of The Business of Women, Buddle addresses reasons why women were more likely to be self-employed in British Columbia. Buddle highlights frontier characteristics that depict why a larger proportion of women in British Columbia were married and were self-employed. In British Columbia, women married in higher proportion, compared to the rest of Canada. Many males arrived in British Columbia in the 1850’s during the gold rush and many men settled in Western Canada in order...
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...Women Movement of 1960s Women Movement of 1960s In this paper I am going to discuss how my own life would be different if one specific event of the 1960s had never occurred. I also would like to discuss how this event influenced my course of study and my choice of career path and how different my life would be if this event had never taken place. The event I am speaking of is The Women’s Movement if the 10960’s. Background Since the rise of dawn women have been treated as second class citizens and unequal to men. They were not given equal rights regarding their education, health, career and other aspects of their lives. In many civilizations women are treated as slaves and men considered them their property. From the beginning of History women are considered to be inferior to men. Even scholars, learned men and socialists of the early age called women as the greatest source of temptation and evil. Women were treated second-rated not only by the social norms, but also by the religion. Many religions of the world considered women as a species to gratify male hunger and produce his offspring. Civilizations were of the views that as women are physically weaker than men in the same way they have weaker mental abilities and powers. Even Christian Fathers gave humiliated statements about women e.g. St Jerome, Latin Father of Christian Church has said “Women is the gate of Devil, the Path of Wickedness, the Sting of the Serpent, in the World...
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...Women today are expected to be loving mothers, domesticated wives, educated career women and still obliged to provide for their families. However, with the demand and focus for highly regarded, high paying careers being dominated by men within society women are unable to break free and prove their capabilities as successful working class individuals as easily as their male counterparts. The obstacles that many women face today limit working women’s ability to enhance their current skills and make it extremely difficult for them to excel in the workforce. With the expectation to balance and multitask work as well as the domestic responsibilities, the same skills that allow women to take on so much are in fact the same factors that hold them back from any advancement within the labour market. According to Krahn, Lowe and Hughes, authors of Work, Industry and Canadian Society (2008), women find themselves seeking refuge in employment facilities with “little economic security and little opportunity for advancement; furthermore the work is often unpleasant, boring and sometimes physically taxing” (p.187). It often forces the female population to strictly seek jobs in the service sector assigned to them based on gender alone. Women have been stereotyped into being domesticated labourers due to the double standard. Women in Canada also face the problem of earning significantly less than their male counterparts. Editors of Dividing the Domestic: men, women, and household work in...
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...Running head: AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Affirmative Action Paper Cesar Petit-Dieu University of Phoenix MGT/434 May 4, 2010 Instructor: Eleanor T. Lawrence, DBA & PsyD Affirmative Action Paper This Paper explain the fundamentals of Affirmative Action as it applies to public sector and private sector employers, and how it interacts with Title VII requirements of Equal Employment Opportunity. It addresses the following: a. What employers are subject to affirmative action plans and why? b. What do the plans require employers to do? c. What happens if employers do not meet the goals of the affirmative action plan? Affirmative Action Programs Voluntary Affirmative Action Plan Implementation Affirmative action programs are intended to positively structure the behavior of both private sector and public sector employees. Some laws may apply to just private employers, while others may apply to educational institutions, employment agencies and public sector employees. Still, the laws do take into account how many employees are working at a company, and how many employees are in each location. Even so, companies of every size should make an ethical effort to avoid discrimination. “An affirmative action plan consists of statistical analysis of the employer's under utilization of individuals from certain protected classes and includes the steps that will be taken to improve their representation in...
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