HST 2100 DL01 QUIZ 4 CHAPTER 7 DUE APRIL 11, 2011
DR. DARLENE ANTEZANA

1. WOMEN’ PEACE PARTY- The WPP was founded in 1915 and was led by Jane Adams and other well-known reformers. The WPP dedicated itself to promoting pacifism and feminism. The WPP leaders maintained that women suffrage and women’s participation in government would stop this and future wars. To them, wars represented the failure of male leaders (pg. 320). 2. BESSIE COLEMAN- The first black woman to earn her pilot’s license in 1921. Coleman crashed and died while practicing for an air show in Orlando, Florida. After Coleman’s death, her friends and fans took up her dream of establishing a flying school black Americans, naming it the Bessie Coleman School (pg. 344). 3. ADELINA OTERO-WARREN- With an elite background and was bi-lingual, Warren proved to be active and influential in the woman suffrage movement. She managed to reach out to Hispanas of other classes, convincing many of them that the patriarchal system could change, and that women could and should have the right to vote. Otero-Warren served as president of New Mexico’s chapter of the NWP, until 1919, when she became chair of the women’s division if the Republican State Committee for Women (pg. 332-333). 4. NINETEENTH AMENDMENT- On August 26, 1920 the secretary of state proclaimed the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. American women could finally vote at last. Seventy-two years had passed since the 1848 convention at Seneca Falls, where women had first asked for the franchise. Many suffragists were elated and believed they had gained a way to solve their problems and those of society (pg. 335). 5. JEANNETTE RANKIN- A suffragist from Montana and the first woman elected to Congress. Suffrage leaders had chosen Rankin to introduce the “Anthony” amendment, as the suffrage measure was called, for consideration, which proceeded to do (pg. 334). 6. AMY JACQUES GARVEY- Jamaican born black Nationalist Amy Jacques Garvey spoke and wrote on behalf of the most successful Pan-African movement ever. As a supporter and spouse of Marcus Garvey and his Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), Garvey was a strong voice for cultural unity as a vehicle for racial uplift. During the mid-1920’s, Marcus was jailed and Amy represented him and the UNIA as a writer, speaker, and advocate. After his release and deportation, the Garvey’s went to Jamaica, where Amy continued as a strong voice for Pan-Africanism (pg. 358). 7. JOSEPHINE BAKER- During the 1910’s, a black singer and dancer delighted audiences as she traveled with the Dixie Steppers. In 1921, Baker captured a part in Eubie Blake’s and Nobles Sissle’s musical, “Shuffle Along”, which catapulted her to stardom. After captivating American audiences, Baker repeated her triumph in Paris. She not only preserved, but she legitimized African American dance forms. She sang in six different languages and was a fine comedian. Although Baker is thought of as an acclaimed artist today, in her lifetime she never gained widespread acceptance and confronted much racial prejudice in the United States (pg. 342). 8. MARIA HERNANDEZ- beginning in 1924, a young civil rights leader from Mexico, spoke and wrote in Texas on behalf of rights for Mexican Texans. Hernandez advocated cooperation between women and men in fighting against the racial segregation their people faced. She campaigned for improved education in ghettos and Hispanic activism in politics and the workplace. In 1929, Hernandez and her husband organized a male civil rights group, the Orden Caballeros de America. Later, she helped develop the Raza Unida party in Texas (pg. 356). 9. HARLEM RENAISSANCE- The migration of southern rural African Americans to northern cities introduced black oral traditional rhythms to northerners in general and to New Yorkers in particular. During this time white audiences became interested in the work of black artists. The epicenter of this cultural renaissance was New York’s Harlem, a vibrant Upper East Side neighborhood that since the early 1910s incubated the renewal of black culture, providing a model for African Americans living in the rest of the country (pg. 347). 10. GERTRUDE SIMMONS BONNIN-A Dakota Sioux named Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, also known as Zitkala-Sa or “Redbird”, worked with the society of American Indians, founded in 1911. Bonnin campaigned for U.S citizenship for Indians, which Congress finally granted in 1924. She also wanted an equitable settlement of Indian land claims and investigations of the federal government’s relations with individual tribes. In 1926, she founded the National Congress of American Indians, which she led for years. She convinced the General Federation of Women’s Clubs to join the Indian Rights Association and encourage the documentation of Indian grievances. Through her writings in journals, she brought Native dilemmas before the American public (pg. 354).