...How industrial capitalism has transformed work, its gendered character and its gendering effects The founding fathers those good old boys, always knew where a women’s place was. These Upper-middle class white men were the founder of beliefs that are imbedded in our makeup that created separate sphere and gender role for men and women. That saying a “Women’s place is in the home”, that belief has been in our make up for generations. When the Industrial revolution arrived things changed, it’s transformed the idea of work to outside the home. The result eventually transforms society as a whole. The industrial Revolution is without question one of the most important transformation in human history. With the separation of job opportunities by gender, the effects that our gender plays in the employment opportunities that are available to us. The text states, “The shift of production from homes during the industrialization transformed men into wage laborers who left home each day for jobs. The decline of domestic production, in turn, robbed women of the role of breadwinning, and left them with the invisible and socially devalued tasks as housekeeping and child rearing. Thus in the wake of industrialization, women found themselves with limited options. Because social norms and job discrimination curtailed their participation in the labor force. “ This Ideology of separate spheres was born among the English upper-middle class, called for the separation of family life from paid work...
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...The eighteenth century was a time of significant social, cultural and economic change for Europe. The century included both the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions. They transformed demographics, working methods and economic structures. Their consequences impacted on the family income, both in terms of how money was earned and who in the family earned it. One of the consequences of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolution was a shift in populations to more urban areas. The revolution also impacted on the self-sufficient economy of rural life with increased reliance on industrial employment. This essay will examine these changes and discuss how they impacted on women and the family. This will be achieved by examining the changes in gender roles and, in particular, changes to women’s roles in the family and society and how this directly impacted on the shape and function of the family. The aim is to explore the cultural and economic shift in eighteenth century society from a mainly rural, agrarian society to and more urban, industrialises society. The essay will also consider how these changes impacted on family life during this period. The issue which this essay focuses on is; that as women and children began to play a greater role in the work place the shape and function of family changed. Eighteenth century life was dependant on agriculture. During the early years of the century over eighty percent of the population were living in rural areas. Although there were demographic...
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...the equal rights of all women in the Bahamas in The Women’s Suffrage Movement. This movement’s main purpose was to ensure that all women would have a right to practice the franchise. Sir Randol Fawkes described the struggle for the enfranchisement of women in his book, “The Faith That Moved the Mountain”. where he states, "More than half of the adult population of the Bahamas - the women - still remained voteless. In 1958, they lagged far behind their male counterparts in the field of human rights. The chief roadblocks to full citizenship for Bahamian women were the traditional attitudes of men and women towards their respective roles in society, the lack of equal training and education, vocational guidance and counseling in the school, the division of the labour market into traditionally male and female sectors, and lack of child-care facilities for working mothers". Sir Randol detailed other disadvantages women faced including the inheritance law of primogeniture and the inadequate maintenance laws for child support. However, this is not the only thing that resulted in the hard work of the women apart of this movement. In fact, even the amount of times you could have voted and the men’s vote was affected positively through the efforts of the Women’s Suffrage Movement. Because of the Women’s Suffrage Movement’s Positive effects on the voting of all citizens’, and we can clearly see their important role in the “Quiet Revolution”. In the mid twentieth, the Bahamas...
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...Women’s Roles During the Industrial Revolution During the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Industrial revolution transformed Western Europe and the United States introducing origins of machinery in the cotton textile industries. However during this time, non-industrial wage labor increased, more children were being forced to work, urban cities grew, and the commercial agriculture from farms transformed into a labor market. Although, it was not only these economic developments being impacted that made the time of the Industrial Revolution significant; changes in family life also occurred, particularly speaking the decline of family size and increase of life expectancy. Therefore, there was a greater role for women in the labor force, allowing them to compete in contemporary politics and reform activities. Dependent on beginning of the transatlantic movement of British immigrants and their technology, the Industrial Revolution in the United States moved forward allowing the textile industry to expand. Long after the American Revolution showed signs of advantage in the marketplace, a flood of British exports took over, replicating inventions from English manufacturers. One of the first inventions reconstructed would be the first permanent cotton spinning mill and an Arkwright water frame restored by Samuel Slater under sponsorship of former merchants William Almy and Moses Brown. With the leadership of Slater, Almy and Brown they expanded a firm in machine...
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...economics, continuity, communication, convenience and efficiency The myths from the textbook are that marriage is universal, family harmony, you are what your family is, and the stable past The three revolutions: Post industrial – life and modernity, evolution of life, altered family with technology, work moved outside the home Old family had a lot of kids and worked on farms then had less kids and went to work (rural to urban) Life course revolution – advances in medicine and vaccines, family and people live longer, have less children and have more time for education and job pursuit, medicine helped people to live longer added stages in life that people never had before like old age and middle age and childhood stages Psychological revolution – family relationships used to be functional (roles) now it is about love and support, increased education increased peoples marriages Conservative views – decline, pessimists, and their values were traditional Avoid talking about women’s rights, claim that America’s problems are a result of the breakdown of family values Liberal – diversity (variation), optimists, and values were changing Claims that women’s problems are a result of job discrimination Feminist – diversity, caring for each other, women’s roles, individualism over collectivism, free child and healthcare and raise minimum wages Coontz – ahistorical not typically historical says conservatives are ahistorical Static – concepts and ideas remain the...
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...Throughout this semester, we have touched on two connected and central themes: Religious revival across America, and the continued conflict between men and women. These themes became critical during the market Revolution, as the economy began to boom, intense religious excitement and issues with social structure began rise as well. Was this Second Great Awakening going to bring America together or tear it apart? That was a difficult question. Paul E. Johnson & Sean Wilentz book, The Kingdom of Mathias: A Story of Sex and Salvation in 19th-Centurey America, gives insight to this question and the greater themes gonging on during this period in American history. During the Market Revolution, Americans were eager for a transformation. This revolution...
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...It was through these women's organizations and their international counterparts that Bahamian women gained increasing confidence to lobby for the suffrage and the further advancement of women's rights and civil rights in general. The Suffrage Movement in the Bahamas received tremendous support from its allies in the United States, Canada and England. The growing enfranchisement of women around the world provided an enabling environment for the Suffrage Movement in the Bahamas. The specific social climate in the Bahamas in regard to women which engendered the struggle for the enfranchisement of women was described by Sir Randol Fawkes in his book, The Faith That Moved the Mountain. He states: "More than half of the adult population of the Bahamas - the women - still remained voteless. In 1958, they lagged far behind their male counterparts in the field of human rights. The chief roadblocks to full citizenship for Bahamian women were: - i) the traditional attitudes of men and women towards their respective roles in society; ii) the lack of equal education and training, vocational guidance and counselling in the school; iii) the division of the labour market into traditionally male and female sectors; and iv) lack of child-care facilities for working mothers". Sir Randol detailed other disadvantages women faced including the inheritance law of primogeniture and the inadequate maintenance laws for child support. In its particular pursuit of the right to vote for women and its...
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...Sexual Revolution Evolution Intimacy is not free in the modern world. Political change, social change, systems of oppression, and globalization all contribute to the shape and to the limit of people’s intimate lives. The oppressive regulation of marriage and sexuality by states and cultures can really affect intimacy and incite sexual revolutions. In feminist studies Professor Leila Rupp’s lecture, Tickell and Peck were cited as defining globalization as a notion based on an increasingly borderless market, where market rules and competitive logics predominate. In another lecture, Rupp stated that sexual revolutions are linked to and caused by: globalization, economic forces, technology and culture. Rupp expresses that many changes in behavior and attitude have been related to these factors. Many sexual revolutions according to Rupp are caused by resistance to oppressive governmental and cultural regulation of sexuality and the diverse ways that people, both individually and collectively, resist regulation and bring about change. People are agents and resist individually and collectively the perils of oppression. Two sexual revolutions addressed were that that took place in the United States in the 1910’s and the 1960’s. Gender roles were extremely limiting and constricting especially from the perspective of many females. Females were limited to household jobs and conservative dress in addition to their overall conservative behavior. On top of women’s restrictions behaviorally...
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...involved the concentration of workers into factories, mills and mines, access to fast transport and the emergence of the middle class. The Industrial Revolution brought about many cultural changes. Before the revolution, most people lived in the country, worked on farms, and travelled by horse, walking or boat. However, during the revolution, people moved to the cities to work in factories, cities became overcrowded, unsanitary, and polluted, and new ways of travelling were introduced including railroads, steamboats, and automobiles. This was a dramatic shift in the way of life for the average person and has made a huge impact on how the world works...
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...are also other forms less well-known forms of the ideology such as post-modernist and eco feminism. However there has been controversy as to whether there can be conservative feminists or not as it looks to be utterly incompatible. Liberal, socialist and radical feminists however all have different views to feminism. Firstly, liberal feminists want a change without having a revolution and believe in having equality and female emancipation. Socialist feminists argue this as they say that nothing can happen if a social revolution isn’t brought about and radical feminists believe have the strongest opinion which is to have a revolutionary change in society to raise awareness rather than having gradual reform like liberal feminism wanted, so they go as far to say that women should have nothing to do with men. Firstly, looking at the extent to which there are liberal feminists. The ideas of liberal feminists have come from the ideology, liberalism. They have the belief that equality can be achieved within the existing political structures in Western Liberal democracies therefore there is not need for a revolution. We should all be equal regardless of out sex, race or colour and therefore have a place in society where woman can chose to do as they wish. For example each individual woman should have the choice to whether she stays at home and looks after the family etc or earns money through having a career. It is their belief also that there should be changes to laws and public attitudes...
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... pacifist movement against the Vietnam War, women’s rights, and sexual liberation were made and the “Camelot” vision was quickly shattered. America’s youth began to revolt against the establishment and the foregone conclusion that they would adopt the lifestyle of their parents. In ten short years societal norms were turned completely around. Never before had change happened so quickly or been driven by the same group. This rapid change is breathtaking, considering most young people are generally naïve and disinterested in events outside their immediate scope. I have therefore decided to investigate what role the media played in the youth revolutions of the 1960s. This paper will identify media’s influence in driving change and analyze relationships between media, specific historical events, and the reaction of America’s youth. This will be achieved by looking at both primary and secondary sources to determine how much influence the media played in manipulating America’s youth via songs, marketing, and select writings. The media industry’s reaction to the social and technological upheavals of the twentieth century was to encapsulate the mantra “youth as fun” and sell it to America’s teens. . It was the social exposure that the media promoted that resulted in the heightening of knowledge among America’s youth, leading to their liberalized views. As a result, the role of the media industry was crucial to the revolution of the 1960s. Without the media providing the...
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...Miss representation” Carol Pardun writes, “Is advertising a mirror of society? Or an agent of change? The basic premise is something like this: if advertising is a mirror of society, then the advertising industry is not really to blame for all the problems associated with bad advertising. We’re to blame.” Introduction Advertising is the process of communication whereby a person or group of people are persuaded to take some form of action, usually to make a purchase or participate in a particular behaviour. Studies undertaken by the Media Awareness Network estimate that on average, the typical North American will see 3000 ads per day (2010). With such a high level of advertising around consumers every day, is it likely that advertising shapes society, or that it merely mirrors pre-existing social trends? This is important because should advertising shape society, the high numbers of advertisements in existence could have a substantial impact to society’s wellbeing, as well as the ethical issues surrounding the messages and behaviours advertisers are trying to achieve. The question of advertising as a mirror vs. creator of culture is one of the most debated issues of the relationship between advertising and society. Does the image of woman represented in advertising shapes society or mirrors already prevailing social trends? Hypothesis The advertising media produces messages,images and ideas of woman, which therefore affect the process of social change. Conclusion ...
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...Chapter 22 – Life in the Industrial Age. (1800-1914). (1) The Industrial Revolution Spreads. (2) The World of Cities. (3) Changing Attitudes and Values. (4) A New Culture. First Belgium. Factories. 1807. Daguerre Perfects. Photography. 1839. Darwin. Publishes. 1859. Wright Brothers. Fly. 1903. (1) The Industrial Revolution Spreads. Setting the Scene. The second Industrial Revolution is marked by the spread of industry, the development of new technologies, and the rise of big business. By 1880s, steel replaces steam as symbol. New Industrial Powers. In first Industrial Revolution Britain stands alone as world industrial giant. Britain tries to protect its lead through laws against export of inventions (or inventors). By mid-1880s, others challenge Britain dominance. In Europe. Elsewhere. 1807. Belgium becomes first European nation outside Britain to industrialize. British mechanic (William Cockerill) opens factories to make spinning, weaving machines. 1871. Germany unifies into powerful nation. Becomes Europe’s leading industrial power. 1900. USA emerges as world’s leading industrial power. Some nations in southern and eastern Europe (sans resources) are slower to industrialize. Japan industrializes rapidly after 1868 to become leading industrial power in Asia. Technology and Industry. In first Industrial Revolution inventions (like steam engine) are work of gifted tinkerers. In second Industrial Revolution professional chemists and engineers create new products. Early inventors...
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...Over the course of the past century in the United States, women and their presence workplace have been constantly shifting. There have been many changes, both economic and social, that have helped pave a new road for the life of a working woman. Based on the information that I have gathered, three key points of interest stand out. They are economic dependencies, the evolution of women’s employment and the “doing gender” theory. Each one of these factors has had their own impact in shaping the working woman of today, especially in comparison to those of fifty years ago. For this research paper I chose to interview two women that I felt were ideal candidates. They were my grandmother, Marion, and my best friend from high school, Leah. My grandmother, Marion Young, was born in the 1920’s and grew up as a child during the great depression. Marion told me that growing up during this time was hard, and it had a important impact on the way she lived her life. In the late 1940’s she got married to my grandfather, Vance. At that time they were both working full-time jobs. Marion had a high school diploma, which during that time period made it extremely easy for her to find a job. To Marion a job was nothing more than work, and she never saw it as anything more. She never cared about what kind of job she had, just as long as she had one. The types of jobs she held ranged from a switchboard operator, to a legal secretary, and even a teaching assistant at the local public...
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...Labor Unions — Are They Still Relevent Labor Unions were formed in the mid-19th century in response to the changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution. The labor unions were established to help workers with low pay, unsafe working conditions and long hours—to name a few. Their main goal was to ensure that all working people were treated justly in the work force. “Working people have a lot of concerns in this economy. They want decent pay. They want benefits. And of course they want job security. All the reasons why they need union representation” (Crane, 2012). Is that statement still true today? Do labor unions want the best for the working person or are unions another example of something good gone bad? Many people believe Labor Unions were essential in the 19th century but now with government oversight and business practices, unions are no longer required. Labor Unions Needed Agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions during the Industrial Revolution. As the revolution progressed, business moved from a mom-and-pop model to a machine-and-factory production model. Families quickly moved from the rural areas to the cities. They hoped to improve their standard of living. This meant ever member of the family had to work, regardless of sex or age. People worked for long hours for low wages, in dangerous and repetitive conditions, and with little-to-no job...
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