So why has the role of fathers changed?
Here the MARS model of individual behavior and performance will be used to explain the reason behind.
As we have learnt, MARS model is a model that seeks to explain individual behavior as a result of internal and external factors or influences acting together. Thus it shows combined effect of motivation, ability, role perceptions and situational factors on individual performance, which is father’s role in today’s context.
Firstly, Motivation. Fathers are being motivated to perform better. More and more people are realizing the importance of positive male role model in a family. Father-child interaction promotes a child’s physical well being, perceptual ability and competency for relating with others. Secondly, from the research done by Boston College Center for Work & Family, fathers’ new role as parents had enhanced their reputation, credibility, and even career options. Not only fathering is good for the child, the father himself will feel good as well. Lastly, The increasing national fathers movement groups, such as DadsforLife, Centre for Fathering and many others have emphasized on the roles of fathers. These specifically inspires and involves Dads to be a positive influence in their children’s lives. Programmes such as Fathers@Schools have also started so as to encourage fathers to be more involved in their children’s activities in schools to create a conducive learning and nurturing environment for the child.
The second factor would be Ability. Fathers are naturally want to love and care the kid, which are their natural aptitudes. On the other hand, some fathers may face difficulties in being a mentor and friend for the kid or changing diapers and milk feeding in the past; however, with the emerging organizations and movements as I have talked about in the motivation point, fathers are taught to perform these tasks. Thus they are fully equipped with these capabilities to better perform a role as father as well.
The third factor would be Role Perceptions. Role perception here in the context of fathering refers to extent to which fathers understand the job scope/duties and responsibilities of being a father. The three dimensions for a clear role perception has been gradually addressed.
Understanding father duties or consequences for which they are accountable, such as that of a disciplinarian, leader, role model to the children
Understanding the preferred behavior, such as how to handle different situations i.e. if the child throws his temper, should he be punished physically or verbally.
Performance expectations of a father – Quality vs Quantity in terms of time, effort in children’s lives.
Fathers in the present are having clearer and clearer role perception, which enables them to better perform their responsibilities.
Lastly, Cherylnn will talk about the situational factor.