...Social Perception Social perception, or the way one individual views others, affects behavior within an organization. Management expert Joseph Champoux writes in his book "Organizational Behavior" that an individual's social perception can be described in terms of a "target," or what is being perceived, and a "stimulus threshold," a certain level of information that must be received in order to make a perceptive assumption on an individual, work process or any other target. Wrongful social perceptions, such as fundamental attribution error that arises when one person mistakes another person's characteristics as the cause of a negative event, can lead to problems in organizational behavior. Perceptions Affecting Motivation A worker's social perception of others within the organization can affect his motivation to complete work effectively to a large degree. Motivation within an organization remains high if a worker perceives that there are opportunities for personal development or professional advancement, if he feels capable of completing tasks correctly and is involved with various organizational decision-making and goal-setting processes. Motivation can be reduced if the worker perceives a lack of opportunity for growth, a lack of involvement or a lack of opportunities to demonstrate any creativity. This holds true in volunteer organizations as well, as described in Miami University's student leadership material, "Why Volunteers/Group Members Lose Interest." Related...
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...on intrapersonal and interpersonal perception and their contribution to individual success. Perception plays an important role in both intrapersonal and interpersonal communications. By definition, perception means the judgement and understanding gained from interaction either between two or more parties or within the person himself (Anant 2010, p. 34). This essay argues that good intrapersonal and interpersonal perception is vital in individual success both at university and at work. This topic includes motivational goal setting, accurate self-monitoring, successful coordination of actions and good interpersonal skills. Intrapersonal perception is one of the decisive components in achieving both academic and career success. It involves understanding of a person himself, including his goals, characteristics and his own feelings. In order to have strong intrapersonal perception, two elements must exist: goal setting and self-monitoring. Goal setting is a process involves establishing a set of realistic and measurable targets achievable within a specific time. Smith (2013, p. 20) pointed out that goal setting provides an individual with a long-term vision and motivates him to work towards the respective goals. As they focus on their goals, they will demonstrate optimistic characteristics and feel motivated to strive for their goals. According to Bressler’s study (2010, p. 39), individuals with high motivation levels show a strong desire to work harder and are more willing to face...
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...force of 30 employees, Salatino was still able to achieve success and effectively compete with its competitors. Why Joe’s employees need to understand the importance of how people form perceptions and make attributions? Perception is a process which involves the recognition and interpretation of stimuli which register our senses. It relates to how we make sense of our environment and sensation refers to basic stimulation of the sense organs. Understanding the perception of people is essentially important. The role that perception of a customer plays in a business transaction is very much significant for the growth of the organization, as it is due to the perception of an individual which affects the outcomes of the conclusion that an individual draws on a particular good, product or service (Wilson & Rookies, 2000, p. 2-3). In the case study of Joe Salatino, the President of Great Northern American, it is evident that the understanding of the perception of the customers is essentially important for the employees working in Joe’s firm. As it is acknowledged before, the firm of Joe Salatino is a marketing firm that deals with selling and providing goods and services to more than 60,000 customers and offices in the United States of America. The firm is comprised of 30 sales team employees, who work efficiently towards achieving the major goals of the organization, Great Northern American. Due to the still completion in the market from the...
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...of Understanding How People Form Perceptions In the case of Joe Salatino, he is the new president of Great Northern American and he bases the success of his company by the amount of money he pays the employees. The firm’s salespeople sell millions of products each year. The lead person of this telemarketing company believes that spending money on commissions and bonuses is necessary to keep his salespeople motivated. The company uses all kinds of motivational tactics in the salesroom to keep the employees engaged at work. Many of Joe’s top workers earn thousands of dollars a year plus commission, but usually it takes about a year for an employee to build up their clientele. With in the article it goes to discuss how the salespeople go above and beyond to build a strong relationship with the customers. Joe believes it increases sales when the employees for a memorable relationship with the customers. As a result, when Joe is looking to hire new people; he looks for them to have great communication skills, be highly motivated and considerate. Finally, Joe looks for workers that know their strengths and weakness and thrive to take the initiative without having to be direct all the time. In the workplace, perceptions quickly become formed whether accurate or artificial. Perceptions and inaccurate assumptions of work habits, personal relationships are mostly form over company gossip. Joe Salatino needs to explain to his employees that perceptions in the workplace can impact careers...
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...Perception & Impression Management Perception: Meaning and Definition Perception is the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us. It involves deciding which information to notice, how to categorize this information, and how to interpret it within the framework of our existing knowledge and experience. Perception includes all those processes by which an individual receives information about the environment-seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting and smelling. The study of these perceptual processes shows that their functioning is affected by three classes of variables : the object or event is being perceived, the environment in which the perception occurs, and the individual doing the perceiving. Perception and Behaviour at Work Perception is a complex cognitive process which in sum, is a unique interpretation of a situation not an exact recording of it. It may reveal a picture of the world which is different from reality. Recognition of difference between the perceptual world and the real world is vital to the study of Behaviour at Work. Specific Applications of Perceptions in Organization: * In an interview-selection of the candidate, * Hiring of new employees to the Organization * To note down the realistic job expectations. * Performance Appraisal of the employee * Assessing the employee loyal to the Organization made by the Managers * Creating Favourable impressions about the Organization, employee as well...
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...& Slocum, 2011). One of the top salespeople at the company can make 20 to 25 calls an hour (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). This kind job of could be hard on a person if he or she is not very customer oriented. Joe should use the social learning theory to help his employees understand the importance of how people form perceptions and make attributions. Joe could use several methods apply this theory to help improve the employee’s performance. Joe could also gather a clearer understanding of self efficiency, and this would help him hire people who will be successful. Incorporating social learning theory into his company and helping his employees have a better understanding of how people work will help Joe’s company become even more successful. Discuss why Joe’s employees need to understand the importance of how people form perceptions and make attributions. Knowing how people form perceptions and make attributions is important because it will enhance the number of customers who shop with the company. Joe should inform his employees that the success of the company depends on the customer’s perception of the company and its employees. Customers will form perceptions and make attributions based on the actions of the employees. Duggan (2012), “Perception describes the way...
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...How does intra- and interpersonal perception (understanding yourself and other people) contribute to individual success both at university and later at work? An individual’s awareness and monitoring of themselves can enhance and improve one’s perception of reality, contributing to individual success; just as growing relationships with others and strong communication skills can in-turn contribute to the same individual success. This success can be achieved at an academic or organizational level, through an individual’s intrapersonal and interpersonal perception of themselves and the world around them. However, without strong intrapersonal dynamics, an individual cannot achieve an equally strong interpersonal perception with their community and the greater world. Strong intrapersonal perception begins with an individual’s self-assessment of what they know, so that they can improve their self-regulated learning skills and be successful (Bercher, 2012). Self-regulated learning is important as it allows an individual to assess and monitor themselves, proving to them their ability or inability to complete a task. This can be achieved through many tools and exercises. Bercher describes the use of a Student Self Assessment Sheet (SASS), which shows how an individual can achieve better learning through cognitive feedback, which usually occurs during the completion of a task. If feedback occurs during the accomplishment of a task, an individual can understand what went wrong and modify...
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...victim. But the fact is that other forces might have conspired in the murder. (Poison may have been used; bullets may have been fired only as an afterthought; perhaps they were fired by the victim himself, before he died . . .) Yarn can tell us the story only in certain circumstances. As a researcher and a writer, Matthew Gribble analyzes his crime scene with diligence and care. The crisis: The shortage of nurses in America. The question: How and why did this shortage become a persistent problem? Matthew affixes strings of yarn to a number of gunshots: the increasing average age of the workforce, long hours, work that is often menial or clerical, and finally, relatively low salaries. But these strands lead to new questions, wider causes which have nothing to do with social yarn. These new questions have to do with rhetoric and the enduring association of nursing with “women’s work” and “femininity.” Matthew has the audacity to ask how the rhetoric of femininity actually functions. How and why are we compelled to accept images and tropes as ‘normal’ or ‘natural’ when they are anything but normal and natural? Is it possible that the rhetoric of nursing is responsible for the shortage? Or perhaps it is the rhetoric of femininity and masculinity as such? But how did such a crime take place, right under our noses, when so many of us never noticed that an injustice ever took place? This essay is brilliant and provocative because it will not stop until the crime...
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...and Organizational Behavior July 26, 2012 Strayer University This case study involves the importance of perceptions and how it effect attributions in the business world. We will use Joe Salatino, President of Great Northern American, as an example of how businesses can be successful when their customers are their top priority and employees learn how to understand their customer needs to improve sales. There are three learning theories operational conditioning, social learning and learning. We will discuss how one of these theories would be appropriate for Mr. Salatino’s business and how that theory could improve his employee’s performance. The last item is how self-efficacy is used to ensure the best candidate is hired for the company who can be successful. Mr. Salatino has a successful 35 year business. The reason is based on paying his employees bonuses and commissions in relation to their sales. The one thing Mr. Salatino’s employees need to understand is the importance of how people form perceptions and make attributions. So, what is perception? Perception is “the process, by which the individual selects, organizes, interprets, and responds to information” (Organization Behavior, p. 104). However, one perceives something to be is true to them even though their perception could be completely wrong. Our perceptions remain the same unless something in our internal or external environment illustrates we could be wrong. People perceive things...
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...Perception & Impression Management Perception: Meaning and Definition Perception is the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us. It involves deciding which information to notice, how to categorize this information, and how to interpret it within the framework of our existing knowledge and experience. Perception includes all those processes by which an individual receives information about the environment-seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting and smelling. The study of these perceptual processes shows that their functioning is affected by three classes of variables : the object or event is being perceived, the environment in which the perception occurs, and the individual doing the perceiving. Perception and Behaviour at Work Perception is a complex cognitive process which in sum, is a unique interpretation of a situation not an exact recording of it. It may reveal a picture of the world which is different from reality. Recognition of difference between the perceptual world and the real world is vital to the study of Behaviour at Work. Specific Applications of Perceptions in Organization: * In an interview-selection of the candidate, * Hiring of new employees to the Organization * To note down the realistic job expectations. * Performance Appraisal of the employee * Assessing the employee loyal to the Organization made by the Managers * Creating Favourable impressions about the Organization, employee as well...
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...arts-and-crafts, and computer supplies to more than 60,000 businesses around the country” (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2009). Salatino’s employees are able to earn roughly between $60,000 and $100,000 a year depending on their sales. The leader of this organization has developed a system to create revenue and profit while motivating employees. Perceptions and Attributions It is critical for Salatino and his employees to understand the importance and concept of how individuals will form perceptions and make attributions. Perception describes the way people filter, organize, and interpret sensory information (Duggan, 2009). Attribution explains how people act; determining how people react to the actions of others as well. Salatino holds a position where it is his duty to guide and give directions to his employees. His main focal point should be helping his employees understand Great Northern American’s mission and gradually work toward achieving it. The behavior that occurs within an organization is a direct reflection of the people’s perceptions and attributions. Accurate perception gives the employees the opportunity to decipher what they see and hear in the work environment adequately to make decisions, finish tasks, and perform in an ethical manner....
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...Abstract It is important for an employer to have an understanding of how their employees form perceptions and make attributions to being part of the team. There are many ways in which an employee can learn and it is up to the employer to understand how that gets accomplished. The way an employee learns can have an influence on their job performance and can be leverage in determining whether or not that individual is correct for a particular position. The perception of any employee to other individuals is an important functionality to the overall operation of a company. Also, the attributes that can be contributed to the company on a whole, can be a vital part in making the entire group of employees work towards the same goal and obtain the objective that was sent forth by the employer when creating their mission statement. Perceptions & Attributions The perception of one employee is not only important on how it is view by his/her co-workers, but also how the employer understands and interprets it. In these tough economic times that we are all dealing with in our work place and our daily lives, it is hard for individuals with some form of a disability to find work. The competition is hard enough because they know that an employer is going to higher not just the best applicant, but one that will not cost them money in the long run, either in health insurance and potential benefits. It is estimated that only about 29 percent...
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...get out of performing a task. Unfortunately, implications of such could be the demonstration of a much deeper feeling in inequity that could ultimately damage the motivation of an entire organization. As defined, an organization is a collection of people who work together to achieve a variety of goals (Understanding & Managing Organizational Behavior, p 1). Organizational behavior is the actions and attitudes of those people within the organization (Understanding & Managing Organizational Behavior, p 1). The attitude of an individual determines the job satisfaction or dissatisfaction, commitment to the organization and overall involvement. Attitude can be influenced by internal factors, external factors and perception. First developed by John Stacey Adams in 1963, Equity theory attempts to explain the relationship between how fairness and unfairness correspond to a persons satisfaction. It asserts that employees seek a need to maintain balance between their inputs and outputs, all in comparison to that of a “referent” other (McShane & Von Gilnow p.151). Further, it suggests people will avoid those relationships that seem unfair or inequitable and recognizes the balance of the inputs and outcomes as ones perception of them, not necessarily by objective standard (Understanding & Managing Organizational Behavior, p 27). When an imbalance of inputs and outcomes exist, the individual’s reaction is to find balance. Occasionally they find this...
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...Lecture 1: 1. What Are Organizations? Organizations are social inventions for accomplishing common goals through group effort. * Social Inventions mean that their essential characteristic is the coordinated presence of people. The field of organizational behaviour is about understanding people and managing them to work effectively. * Goal Accomplishment: organizational survival and adaptation to change are important goals. The field of organizational behaviour is concerned with how organizations can survive and adapt to change. Example: People have to be motivated to join and remain in organization; carry out their basic work reliably, productivity, quality and service; be willing to continuously learn and upgrade their knowledge and skill; and be flexible and innovative. * Group Effort: organizations depend on interaction and coordination among people to accomplish goals. The field of organizational behaviour is concerned with how organizations to get people to practice effective teamwork. 2. What Is Organizational Behaviour? Organizational behaviour refers to the attitudes and behaviours of individuals and groups in organizations. 3. Goals of Organizational Behaviour are effectively predicting, explaining, and managing behaviour that occurs in organizations. * Predicting organizational behaviour and events. * Explaining organizational behaviour and events in organizations. (Why event occur). * Managing organizational behaviour by...
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...African Americans have the features of emotional vitality, collective survival, oral traditions and interdependence (White 1984). Hispanics are characterized by high levels of interdependence, conformity, a readiness to sacrifice for the welfare of in-group members, flexible attitudes toward time and obedience to people in authority (Marín and Marín 1991). Asian Americans have been described as reflecting an emphasis on the harmony in relationships, the precedence of group interests over individual interests, and the importance of fulfilling obligations (Uba 1994). As a result, the four ethnic groups also have remarkably different perceptions toward work ethic. And the different perceptions are significantly correlated to their corresponding ethic characteristics. Bhagat (1979) looks into the black – white differences in identification with work ethic. The research shows that, compared with their Caucasian...
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