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1.why is all data stored in a computer in binary form?
Computers are only able to read and store data in binary form, 1 or 0, on or off, yes or no, voltage or none. Binary is the simplest way to manage information.

2. What are the four primary functions of hardware? input, output, PROCESS, and Storage
3. What are the two main input devices and two main output devices? the mouse, keyboard, printer, and monitor.
4. What three things do electronic hardware devices need in order to function? power, ground return, and load.
5. How many bits are in a byte?
There are eight bits in a byte.
6. What is the purpose of an expansion slot on a motherboard?
Expansion slots on a motherboard are designed to accept peripheral cards that add functionality to a computer system, such as a video or a sound card.
7. Which component on the motherboard is used primarily for processing?
The CPU
8. Name the two main CPU manufacturers. Intel and AMD
9. Order the following ports according to speed, placing the fastest port first: FireWire, eSATA, USB. eSATA is faster than FireWire and firewire is faster than USB.

10. What are two other names for the system bus? The PCI bus, and the PCI express bus

11. What type of output does an S/PDIF port provide? Digital output

12. Why is an SSD hard drive more reliable under rugged conditions than an IDE hard drive?
SSD hard drives have no moving parts that can disintegrate under rugged conditions.
Because SDD drives have no moving parts, they are much faster, much rugged, consume less power, last longer
13. How is the best way to determine if a cable inside a computer is a data cable or a power cable? Generally, a power cable will be coming from the power supply unit (that big block in one of the corners of the case, with the power switch and ac in on the outside of the case). Also, power cables' sockets will almost always be either rectangular, split into an even number of equally sized squares, or rectangular with one rounded corner and 4 metal pins, whereas data cables come in all shapes and sizes

14. List three types of ports that are often found coming directly off the motherboard to be used by external devices.
Usb,esata and firewire
16. What is the most common type of memory module?
DIMM
17. What is the difference between volatile and non-volatile memory? between volatile and nonvolatile memory. Volatile memory is the RAM memory that is lost when your system is rebooted. Nonvolatile memory is the data that gets saved to your ROM memory.
18. Of the two types of storage in a system, which type is generally faster and holds data and instructions while the data is being processed? Which type of storage is generally slower, but more permanent?
Primary storage, secondary storage.
19. What technology standard provides for up to four devices on a system, including the hard drive as one of those devices? What are two common industry names loosely used to describe this standard?
IDE or EIDE or ATA are the technology standard that provides for up to four devices on a system and SATA and PATA.

20. What is a measurement of frequency of a system bus and CPU? Which is faster, the system bus or the CPU?
CPU operates from 166 MHz to more than 3 GHz system can operate from 133 MHz to 400 MHz. CPU is faster than the system bus
21. Name three types of buses that are likely to be on a motherboard today. data bus, system bus and host bus.
22. A power supply receives 120 volts of power from a wall outlet and converts it to 3.3, 5, and 12 volts of power.
AC, DC
23. ROM BIOS or firmware chips that can be upgraded without replacing the chips are called
Flash Drive
24. BIOS setup allows a technician to change configuration settings on a motherboard stored in
Cmos Ram
25. Name three examples of secondary storage devices.
Cd drive, hard drive and floppy drive.
26. A hertz is cycle per second; a megahertz is ______ cycles per second, and a gigahertz is ______ cycles per second.
One, one million, one billion
27. An AGP slot is normally used for a(n) ______ expansion card.
Graphics card.
28. How many sizes of PCI Express slots are currently manufactured for personal computers?
4 different sizes
29. Name the three purposes the motherboard ROM BIOS servers.
System Bios - Manage simple devices
Start-up Bios - Starts the computer Cmos setup - used to change settings on the motherboard

30. From where does CMOS RAM receive its power when the computer is not turned on? cmos ram is powered by a trickle of electricity from a small battery located on the motherboard or computer case.

Critically thinking
1. When selecting secondary storage devices for a new desktop PC, which is more important, a CD drive or a floppy drive? Why?
A CD-ROM drive, because most software today is distributed on CD
2. Based on what you have learned in this chapter, when working on a Microsoft Word document, why is it important to save your work often? Explain your answer using the two terms primary storage and secondary storage.
Because data is temporarily stored in RAM or primary storage, which is volatile. If the power is lost, all data in primary storage is lost. In order to secure the data, it must be copied from primary storage to secondary storage, such as a hard drive or floppy disk, which is nonvolatile or permanent storage.
3. Most buses are 16, 32, 64, or 128 bits wide. Why do you think these bus widths are multiples of eight?
Because everything in a computer is stored and processed in binary, and 1 byte equals 8 bits
4. You purchase a new computer system that does not have a modem port, and then you decide that you want to use a dial-up connection to the Internet. What is the least expensive way to obtain a modem port?
a. Trade in the computer for another computer that has a modem port
b. Purchase a second computer with a modem port
c. Purchase a modem card and install it in your system
d. Purchase an external modem that connects to your PC by way of a USB port
A
5. In this chapter, a light bulb is used to demonstrate the binary concept used for computer storage and communication. Give another example in everyday life to explain this binary concept. Get creative.
Binary, its either 1 or 0, yes or no, on or off. Just like AM and PM its either one or the other.
6. If the CMOS battery inside your computer system died, when you first turn on your system, will you expect the system to boot up normally to the operating system level? What information do you think the system would not have available for a successful boot?
CMOS holds many of the boot parameters, such as what type and size of hard disk, the type and speed of the processor and other critical information. Many times the computer can still boot with a dead CMOS battery, but the information will not be available and will affect the process. Replace the battery then run through the setup procedure to save the values.
7. Which device is a solid state device, a CD drive or a memory module? Why
The memory module is a solid state device because its storage mechanism consists of writing to/reading from electronic (solid state) devices.

Hands on project
PROJECT 1-1: Identifying Ports on Your Computer
Look at the back of your home or lab computer and make a diagram showing the ports.
Label all the ports in the diagram and note which ones are used and which ones are not used.
PROJECT 1-2: Researching Motherboards Using the Internet
The Internet is an incredibly rich source of information about computer hardware and software. Answer these questions about a motherboard, using the Internet as your source:
1. ASUS is a major manufacturer of motherboards. Go to the Asus Web site at www.asus.com and print a Web page advertising a motherboard for a desktop computer. ASUS ROG Maximus VI Hero Intel Z87 Motherboard

2. What is the frequency of the system bus? What is the system bus called?
Front Bus and 1600
3. List the expansion slots contained on the motherboard. What processors does this board support?
PCI, Express, PCI ExpressCard & PC Card (or PCMCIA), AGP

4. Go to Google.com and search on “motherboard review.” List three Web sites that review motherboards. Search these three sites. Which ones review the ASUS motherboard you selected in Step 1? What is one statement that one review makes about this motherboard?
Hardforum.com,amazon.com and legitreview.com
The statement: looks like Asus added alot of specialized sound tweaks to this, if it holds as true better mic / quality sounds across all apps this, is a real treat value then.

PROJECT 1-3: Identifying Motherboard Components

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