...(Normann & Rehermann, 2004). An organ is a collection of numerous cells that work together to carry out an individual function in the human body. The body’s organs carry different cells, these cells are extremely focused and form for all the essential jobs at a particular time. The liver is made up of various types of cells, specifically the liver endothelial cells, hepatocytes, stellate cells, and other different cells. There is also inflammatory cells, smooth muscle cells of the veins and arteries (Ireland, 2012). These various cells of the liver work individually and also together to make the liver function as it is supposed to. These cells also collaborate to let the liver be wildly involved in protein, fat, carbohydrate, and metabolism (Ireland, 2012). The liver also stores minerals and vitamins to form particular compounds like growth factors and clotting factors for our blood. Our liver cells also work as a blood filtering system that further helps in removing cellular remains and organic by-(Normann & Rehermann, 2004). The liver also performs another important function, and that is producing and discharging bile. Moreover, it also emits or detoxifies drugs and any other poisonous compounds. The different cells of the liver work in a way that when these harmful substances are broken down by the liver, they are ejected into blood or bile. Each organ of the human body is made up of different cell types, like the lungs, liver, or heart. Each single organ functions independently...
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...& Rehermann, 2004). An organ is a collection of numerous cells that work together to carry out an individual function in the human body. The body’s organs carry different cells, these cells are extremely focused and form for all the essential jobs at a particular time. The liver is made up of various types of cells, specifically the liver endothelial cells, hepatocytes, stellate cells, and other different cells. There is also inflammatory cells, smooth muscle cells of the veins and arteries (Ireland, 2012). These various cells of the liver work individually and also together to make the liver function as it is supposed to. These cells also collaborate to let the liver be wildly involved in protein, fat, carbohydrate, and metabolism (Ireland, 2012). The liver also stores minerals and vitamins to form particular compounds like growth factors and clotting factors for our blood. Our liver cells also work as a blood filtering system that further helps in removing cellular remains and organic by-(Normann & Rehermann, 2004). The liver also performs another important function, and that is producing and discharging bile. Moreover, it also emits or detoxifies drugs and any other poisonous compounds. The different cells of the liver work in a way that when these harmful substances are broken down by the liver, they are ejected into blood or bile. Each organ of the human body is made up of different cell types, like the lungs, liver, or heart. Each single organ functions independently...
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...Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system transports oxygen around the body to the working muscles. It also helps to transport waste products such as CO2 that is caused by aerobic respiration so that it can be disposed. Your heart is a fist sized muscle that is located on the left side of your chest and is an involuntary muscle and an adult heart approximately weighs 255grams. The heart is separated by a septum. The left side of the heart is thicker than the right because it has to pump oxygenated blood around the whole body whereas the right side just pumps de-oxygenated blood to the brain. There are 2 inlets and 2 outlets in the heart, there are also 4 valves in the heart that are there to stop the backflow of blood and 4 chambers. The first inlet is called the pulmonary vein. This is the only vein in the body that carry oxygenated blood. The other inlet is the superior and inferior vena cava. The two out lets are called the pulmonary artery and the aorta. The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that transports deoxygenated blood in the body. The two upper chambers of the heart are called the atria. The two lower chambers are called the ventricles. The four valves are called the tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic valve and the pulmonary valve. The valves are there in order to stop the backflow of blood. Functions of the Heart The heart has a number of different functions such as delivery of oxygen and nutrients and removal of waste products. The cardiovascular...
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...Shawnte McMillan Elbert HIV/AIDS is an epidemic on a global stance. HIV is a virus that can cause AIDS. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. These virus both destroy a persons immune system. The disease makes the person more susceptible to other infections. AIDS is the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The difference between these two diseases is that HIV is what causes AIDS. When a person is infected with HIV, with medicine, they can usually live decades without having severe symptoms or developing into AIDS. Once a person has reached a certain level of T-cell destruction is when that person no longer has HIV but rather full blown AIDS. There is not a set time period for developing AIDS from HIV however; the threshold is when ones T-cell or CD4 cell count is less than 200. To put this into perspective a healthy person has a CD4 cell count of 500-1800 per cubic millimeter of blood. HIV can be transmitted through bodily fluids and sharing needles. Specifically blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk is how the virus is transmitted. HIV is transmitted through the sharing of needles by one person using the needle to inject themselves and then passing it to another who may not be infected but just used the same needle as someone who was infected. HIV can be transmitted through these ways but the most common in the United States is that of unprotected sex. The important thing to remember is the best way to prevent HIV is...
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...my eyes open. However, I have accumulated many methods of studying once I learned it would be an everyday thing from here on out. Psychology has led me to believe that the working memory method is the most helpful in my principles of biology class. In biology we are currently learning about classification of the cell, its’ different parts and what it does. It is very difficult to learn the parts and their functions just by repeating them in my head like I normally would. I need something visual in order to remember what I need to know as far as having to remember the functions, characteristics and placement of the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome, centriole, chloroplast, cilia and the flagella. Therefore, I resorted to the working memory method that I learned in psychology. The working memory strategy refers to the active maintenance of information in short-term storage which includes subsystems that store and manipulate visual images or verbal information which makes it much easier to learn. For example I started used note cards to exercise the working memory strategy in order to study for my last biology test. I soon figured out it was the best system for visualizing the parts of the cell after having notecard after notecard illustrating each part of the cell. This...
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...Wednesday: February 26 I. Desired Results a. Unit Enduring Understanding(s) – i. Students will understand the structures and functions of cell organelles ii. Students will understand how each organelles help the living organisms b. Unit Essential Question(s) – iii. Why each organelle has a specific function to carry? iv. Where do all cells come from? c. Daily Learning Objective v. Students will know the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells – I. GPS Standards SB1: Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells. 1. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. SCSh3: Student will identify and investigate problems scientifically 1. Suggest reasonable hypotheses for identified problems 2. Develop procedures for solving scientific problems 3. Collect, organize and record appropriate data SCSh6: Students will communicate scientific investigations and information clearly 1. Use data as evidence to support scientific arguments and claims 2. Participate in group discussions of scientific investigation II. Introduction (TIME) a. The lesson start with an on-time quiz (15-20 minutes) 1. Students are expected to read page 96-99 on...
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...systems in the brain’ (p.259). Does this mean that psychological life can be reduced to neuronal activity? Illustrate your answer with examples from Chapter 4, ‘Biological psychology’, from Book 1, mapping psychology The case study of Phineas Gage referred as being within the subject of Biological Psychology. As we human beings are a “biological species”, we need to be able to understand our biological make-up, to further study the Physiological field, only once we can fully understand the different part of our bodies, including the brain can we then apply Psychological research methods to study & develop understanding . Science constantly evolves to study and gain understanding, which then can lead to data interpretation methods like Psychological .The Theorist Crick,-: His belief and scientific approach called “Reductionism” (Mapping Psychology, Pg 230) Suggests that “Potentially all psychological events and experiences can fully and only explained in terms of the activity within the components of the brain”. Other Scientists do however argue that there should be a much broader view taken, and other views et should be considered.(Bolton and Hill, 1996, Stevens, 1996: Toates, 2001) These other theorists, and studies are suggested (Mapping Psychology, Pg 230) as having equally possible explanations of how our brains components affect our actions and how we are. Phineas Gage, the study and interpretation of why his behaviours changed, relates hugely to beliefs of that...
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...Sanil Modi Biol-4910 Summer 2014 M-F Dr. De Vries, Christopher T. Fields The Effects Of Toll Like Receptor 2 Deletion on Social Behavior Neural Network Introduction During this past summer I had the opportunity to conduct research at the Neuroscience Institute at Georgia State University. The research I participated in was under Christopher T. Fields who is working on getting his doctorial degree. In these last few months I have worked on many exiting projects, learned how create experiments and analyze them. From the first day of lab I learned to work with many different lab instruments, software and mastered the structures of the mice brain. The instruments I started working with were a digital microscope and its software Stereo Investigator that took pictures at HD quality of mice brain. Shortly after came the analysis of the pictures we captured and the software used was ImageJ and Excel. In ImageJ you can measure different thresholds of the mice brain and get analysis which is imputed into excel and then the numbers from excel are put into a statistical software where graphs are made and you can check if your experiments had any change from the control. What I also learned was how mice brains are put on a slide. First you would use a cryostat, which slices the mice brain at the amount of thickness needed. While you are slicing the mice brains you are putting them onto a slide. Then they are taken from the slide put into a buffer solution, which lets you add to another...
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...when making a promise that you really, really mean? Or turn on the radio to hear a guy singing about his broken heart? We see and hear about hearts everywhere. A long time ago, people even thought that their emotions came from their hearts, maybe because the heart beats faster when a person is scared or excited. Now we know that emotions come from the brain, and in this case, the brain tells the heart to speed up. So what's the heart up to, then? How does it keep busy? What does it look like? Let's find out. Working That Muscle Your heart is really a muscle. It's located a little to the left of the middle of your chest, and it's about the size of your fist. There are lots of muscles all over your body — in your arms, in your legs, in your back, even in your behind. But the heart muscle is special because of what it does. The heart sends blood around your body. The blood provides your body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs. It also carries away waste. Your heart is sort of like a pump, or two pumps in one. The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart does the exact opposite: It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. You probably guessed that the blood just doesn't slosh around your body once it leaves the heart. It moves through many tubes called arteries and veins, which together are called blood vessels. These blood vessels are attached to the heart. The blood vessels...
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...A disease of the brain in which cancer cells arise in the brain tissue. * Cancer cells grow forming a mass of cancer tissue (tumor) that interferes with brain functions; * Muscle control * Sensation * Memory * Other body functions Malignant Tumors -tumors composed of cancer cells Benign Tumors -composed of noncancerous cells Brain tumors -cancer cells that develop from brain tissue Metastatic Brain Tumors -tumors that spread from other body sites GRADE of TUMORS Grade I * tissue is benign * Cells look nearly like normal brain cells * Cells grow slowly Grade II * Tissue is malignant * Cells look less like normal cells Grade III * Malignant tissue contains cells that look very different from normal cells * Anaplastic- abnormal cells are actively growing Grade IV * Cells in malignant tissue look most abnormal * Cells tend to grow quickly THE CAUSES of BRAIN CANCER * Individuals with risk factors; * Oil refinery job * Chemist * Embalmer * Rubber-industry worker * Families have several members with brain cancer, though, hereditary aspects has not yet been proven * Other risk factors (not yet proven); * Smoking * Radiation exposure * Viral infection (HIV) NOTE: There is no good evidence that brain cancer is contagious, caused by head trauma or cell phone use. THE SIGNS and SYMPTOMS ...
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...SAMSUNG WOULD WIN THE BATTLE, WHY? Samsung and Apple are the two greatest cell phone organizations with a consolidated piece of the overall industry of more than a large portion of the worldwide cell phone market. Consistently both the organizations get new advancements in their cell phones, which extraordinarily expand their cell phone deals. In any case, in today's business where there is ferocious rivalry it is given that every organization will attempt to exceed the other in every conceivable way. Apple made a blast in the cell phone advertise by launching the iPhone, which had more highlights and was the most developed cell phone at that time. The organization made a colossal benefit and apple turned into a family top pick. However, with the ascent of rivalry and the development of Asia titan Samsung, Apple achievement was not to keep going forever. Samsung thought of Samsung Galaxy S cell phone with indistinguishable highlights as that of the iPhone and gradually however relentlessly the offers of Samsung cell phones There are critics of Samsung who argue that its success is basically because of copying and afterward tweaking the advancements of others. There is a decent arrangement of truth in this, particularly around the early Galaxy plans. Anyhow, Samsung is a worldwide pioneer in screen innovation, TVs, batteries, and chip plan. So as far as development it is doing a lot right. Beside that success, Apple has been at the highest point of the amusement for quite a...
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...disorder in which death of a brain cell occurs. Expectations from loss of brain cells can be mental deterioration such as memory loss, cognitive decline and eventually, death. Cognitive thinking can be skills such as attention, working memory, process speed, long term memory, visual processing, auditory processing and logic and reasoning. Though there are numerous research on this disease specific reasons have not been found, but two prime suspects are tangles and plaques which are found in the hippocampus. Tangles are found in dead and dying nerve cells. They are made of collapsed protein that twists into strands that we call tangles. The proteins are called tau. Tau is normally associated with the transport systems. The transport system is like the railroad tracks in our bodies where food molecules, cell parts and other key materials travel. Normally, Tau keeps the transport system on track by helping it stay straight ,but where tangles are formed the tau are no longer able to keep the track straight. Thus, the transport systems fall apart and disintegrate. With the disintegration of the transport system nutrients can longer move through cells causing cells death. This dysfunction can be an effect from the cross linkage theory because of new and abnormal cross links that alters protein function. Plaques are abnormal clusters of “sticky” proteins called beta amyloid build up between nerve cells. This will cause disruption on cell to cell signaling...
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...This gene is basically like the human ZPA gene whose function is to make one part of the body different from another. The hedgehog gene functions the same way. This gene was also found in chickens and was then named the sonic hedgehog gene. It was concluded that every living thing with a limb had this gene in some form. The sonic hedgehog gene is found in the tissue of the ZPA and if not active during the right time it could cause extra fingers or fingers looking the same. Randy Dahn was looking for more answers so he decided to do experiments on sharks and skates. He found their sonic hedgehog gene relatively quickly and then discovered it became active at the same time in sharks as it would in a chicken. He confirmed that it made identical copies of the DNA on the...
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...A cell has many different parts. All the different parts have a job, and all the different parts work together to help the cell do its job. One part called the cell wall is very important to the cells ability to work. There are many different functions that the cell wall performs. It is important to know what the cell wall looks like. Who discovered it? Where is it found on the cell? What it is made of? How big is it? What types of cells have it? How many times it is found in the cell? The cell wall is an important part to the function of a cell. The cell wall has many important parts and uses. One of its main uses is to protect the cell. Another use is that it allows certain materials to move in and out of the cell. The way the cell wall allows materials to move in and out is with small holes called plasmodesmata. The plasmodesmata allow the transfer of nutrients, waste, and ions. The cell wall acts like a skeleton by helping the plant maintain its shape and sturdiness. Without a cell wall plants would not be able to keep their shape. The cell wall is made out of cellulose. One of the most abundant macromolecules on earth is cellulose. Cellulose is a type of sugar that is not used for energy but rather for structure. It does not dissolve in water and only cows and other herbivores can digest cellulose with cellulose polymers. Without the...
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...With recent progress in stem cell research, scientist may be approaching an amazing brake though towards the cure. Living an everyday life with such a horrendous disease like ALS is a very tough thing to do, mentally and physically. Embryonic stem cells are being used in order to help reduce the symptoms caused from Lou Gehrig’s disease and hopefully another step forward towards the cure. People in the community, who are against abortion and the use of embryo stem cells, are highly against this and are beginning to protest against the ALS Foundation website. The research I have conducted has taught me about man kind and what we are willing to do once we understand the reality of a subject or disease. We as humans are not always as harsh and rude, when we are faced with death or disaster, we always seem to find a way to come together and help each other in a time of need. Although ALS researchers may not be using the most standard types of research, at least the scientist are still trying...
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