Free Essay

Working in Ghana

In: Other Topics

Submitted By loyce
Words 314
Pages 2
Well, first, there's the basic issue of the value of a representative democracy to citizens and pretending that we have one. We're attached to that idea. Second, young girls can't be what they can't see -- it's a vicious circle. Third, there is the matter of how women operate as elected officials. Despite their low numbers, female elected officials make a difference in the issues they prioritize, the bills they sponsor and cosponsor, the output they generate, and the extent to which they mobilize their constituents.

Many people just believe that women aren't interested, not ambitious enough, can't be bothered with all the ugliness of the public political sphere. However, the reasons are more complex. The study, completed by Professor Jennifer Lawless of American University's Women & Politics Institute and based on interviews with 4,000 male and female potential candidates for office, revealed the following:

"1. Women are substantially more likely than men to perceive the electoral environment as highly competitive and biased against female candidates.

2. Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin's candidacies aggravated women's perceptions of gender bias in the electoral arena.

3. Women are much less likely than men to think they are qualified to run for office.

4. Female potential candidates are less competitive, less confident and more risk averse than their male counterparts.

5. Women react more negatively than men to many aspects of modern campaigns.

6. Women are less likely than men to receive the suggestion to run for office -- from anyone.

7. Women are still responsible for the majority of childcare and household tasks. In families where both adults are working (generally in high-level careers), women are roughly six times more likely than men to bear responsibility for the majority of household tasks, and they are about ten times more likely to be the primary childcare provider. This division of labor is consistent across political party lines."

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Working Conditions and Employee Performance in the Public Sector in Ghana (a Case Study of Madina Polyclinic)

...Working Conditions and Employee Performance in the Public Sector (A Case Study of Madina Polyclinic) By Mr. Kley Elikem Pius pius3000@yahoo.com Abstract Management’s new challenge is to create an environment that attracts, retain and motivates its workforce. This study seeks to examine the working conditions on the performance of employees. It is also aimed at identifying the perception of employees about their working conditions. The study employs descriptive and sample survey techniques. A sample of 50 employees was selected from the Madina Polyclinic in Ghana where the study is focused by the application of stratified and sample random sampling methods. Data was collected by the use of a well-designed questionnaire. It was found that casual workers were not satisfied with their working conditions while aside them other employees were somehow/ averagely satisfied with their working conditions. Working conditions such as quietness of workplace, office arrangement, availability of working materials, salaries, bonuses and allowances and job security have an influence on the performance of employees. It was thus recommended that to ensure improvement in employee performance and productivity, measures should be put in place to establish a conducive working condition for employees. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Management’s new challenge is to form an environment that attracts, retain and motivate its workforce. The responsibility lies with managers and supervisors at all...

Words: 6072 - Pages: 25

Premium Essay

The Impact of Working Capital Management Policies on the Profitability of Financial Institutions: a Study of Some Selected Financial Institutions in Ghana

...RESEARCH TOPIC: THE IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON THE PROFITABILITY OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: A STUDY OF SOME SELECTED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN GHANA 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background: Financial institutions exist to perform the main function of collecting excess monies in the system and advancing them in a form of loan. Hence the bulk of the working capital resource is loan advances and cash received from customers. Again, the influx and/or springing up of financial institutions in Ghana of late has created stiff competition. This situation is likely to make most firms relax their policies on working capital especially on loan advances to customers so as to maintain or increase their market share. This could lead to huge unpaid balances which may put the finances of the companies in danger given the fact that the depositors will one day come for their monies. These can have a telling effect on the cash flow position of the firm which indeed raises an issue of profitability and survival. The management of these core assets is vital to their survival. It is for these reasons that the researcher wants to identify the various working capital strategies used by these financial institutions in dealing with such situations and the consequences of such policies on the profitability of these firms. 1.2 Problem Statement: As the main provider of financial needs, the main debacle of financial institutions is not with the several services...

Words: 1654 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Smes in Ghana

...Background of Literature Review on SMEs in Ghana: Globally, the contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to the growth of national economies is significant. In the developed economies such as Germany and the United Kingdom small businesses are recognized as the main engines for growth and development. Indeed, studies conducted in recent years in developed markets, including the Freedman studies done in the United Kingdom, confirm that small businesses account for the highest number of registered companies and make significant contributions to economic growth and prosperity. In Ghana, readily available data on SMEs is scarce but statistics from the Registrar General’s Department suggests that 92 per cent of companies registered are micro, small and medium enterprises. SMEs in Ghana have also been noted to provide about 85 per cent of manufacturing employment, contribute about 70 per cent to Ghana’s GDP, and therefore have catalytic impacts on economic growth, income and employment. It is estimated that SMEs employ 22% of the adult population in developing countries (Daniels, 1994; Daniels & Ngwira, 1992; Daniels & fisseha. 1992; Fisseha. 1992; Fisseha & Mcpherson, 1991; Gallagher & Robson, 1995 and Kayanula & Quartey, 2000). The sector employs about 15.5% of the labour force in Ghana (Parker et al, 1994), has experienced higher employment growth than micro and large – scale enterprises. Definition of SMEs There is no single, uniformly acceptable definition of a small...

Words: 1637 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Research

...QUESTIONS 1A. DIFFERENCIATE BETWEEN UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT. B. ASSIGN REASONS FOR THE INCREASE RATE OF GRADUATE UNEMPLOYMENT IN GHANA. 1A. Difference between underemployment and Unemployment The term "underemployment" has three distinct related meanings. In one sense, it refers to a situation in which someone with excellent job qualifications is working in a position which requires lesser qualifications, as for instance in the case of a lawyer driving a school bus. In the second sense, underemployment means working part time when one would prefer to be working full time. In the third sense, underemployment is a form of overstaffing in which employees are not being fully utilized. All forms of underemployment have repercussions for the economy and the health of the business community. By not allowing people to work to their full potential, underemployment can generate worker frustration, leading to a dissatisfaction with a job or employer. For employers, overstaffing can be problematic, because it requires paying people who are not producing, potentially leading to a decline in income. Whiles Unemployment is defined as a situation where someone of working age is not able to get a job but would like to be in full time employment. Therefore, If a Mother left work to bring up a child or if someone went into higher education, they are not working but would not be classed as unemployed as they are not actively seeking employment. 1B. Graduate Unemployment It is a bigger problem...

Words: 1856 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Ghana Tuc Policy

...125 [pic]GHANA TRADES UNION CONGRESS MEDIUM TERM POLICIES FOR THE QUADRENNIAL 2008 -2012 [DRAFT] GHANA TRADES UNION CONGRESS Contents PART 1 3 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 3 Challenges at the International Level 3 Challenges at the National Level 4 Challenges at the workplace 8 PART 2 10 GHANA TUC’S PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND DEMOCRACY 10 Human Development Objectives 12 Democratic Participation in Decision-Making 14 PART 3 17 POLICIES 17 POLICY ON LABOUR RELATIONS AND SOCIAL DIALOGUE 17 POLICY ON EDUCATION AND TRAINING 20 POLICY ON ORGANISATION, INTERNAL DEMOCRACY AND SOLIDARITY 22 POLICY ON EMPLOYMENT 28 POLICY ON INCOMES 30 POLICY ON INFORMAL ECONOMY 32 POLICY ON SOCIAL PROTECTION 35 POLICY ON HOUSING 38 POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY 40 POLICY ON CHILD LABOUR 42 POLICY ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIROMENT 44 POLICY ON HIV/AIDS 46 POLICY ON ENERGY AND POWER 49 POLICY ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 52 POLICY ON THE YOUTH ……………………………………………………………… PART 1 _________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The Ghana Trades Union Congress (TUC) has gone through very difficult challenges since it was established in 1945. Nevertheless, it has maintained its identity and continues to grow stronger. Currently, Ghana TUC has seventeen affiliates with an estimated membership...

Words: 15311 - Pages: 62

Premium Essay

Essay On Male Prostitution

...prostitutes are married and kept their visits to the boys prostitute as secret [Rent; Kearins]. Many young men working as prostitute consider themselves heterosexual and not homosexual or bisexual. Ironically these boys like their clients they service perform homosexual acts but would never identify themselves as gay. Popular accounts indicate that coercion and trickery are typical paths to initial involvement of boys in male prostitution. Here, an older and successful man uses force or deception to compel or lure an innocent, often troubled boy into prostitution in exchange for money or favour (Lindecker,...

Words: 983 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

The Effect of Education on Gender Perspective in Africa

...JOB VACANCY IN COMMUNICATIONS TEAM The British High Commission (BHC) Accra has a vacancy for an LE2 Communications Officer. This is a key position, working with all parts of UK government in Accra to promote the UK Government’s engagement with Ghana and to help build internal BHC cohesion through a joined-up communications effort and by managing internal communications. The Communications Officer will work closely with all Heads of Section, reporting to the 2nd Secretary Political and Public Affairs and Deputy High Commissioner. The main elements of the job include  Designing and delivering a communications strategy that helps to deliver HMG objectives in Ghana and the region, including public advocacy campaigns  Writing, commissioning and editing content on HMG and British Council activity for use in a range of media  Providing content for the gov.uk website  Building relationships with and engaging media and Ghana government publicity machinery  Acting as the BHC’s official spokesperson and first point of contact for media enquiries  Overseeing all communications tools (eg media releases, web-sites, publications, twitter, facebook etc) and managing the BHC photographer role  Daily monitoring of Ghanaian media outlets for content of interest to the UK  Supporting the internal communication of FCO and wider UK Government corporate messages  Managing relevant projects to develop Ghanaian media capacity The skills/attributes of the successful applicant will include  Prioritising...

Words: 737 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Econom Ics

...Global Perspective Course Number: BC607 From: Millicent Fowler To: Dr. Miro The country of Ghana a region in West Africa is my country of choice, Electricity generation and usage in Ghana. Business Report The country generates electric power from hydropower, fossil-fuel, thermal energy and renewable energy sources. Electricity generation is one of the key factors to propel it to achieve the developmental goal of the national economy, with aggressive and rapid industrialization, which has increased the consumption from 265kilowatt-hours per capita in 2009 to 297.8 kilowatt-hours per capita, causing frequent power outage and rationing. It has become necessary for the privatization of the sector. Ghana exported some of its generated energy and fossil fuel to other countries in the region, Transmission is under the operation of Ghana Grid Company, Distribution under Northern electricity Distribution Company and electricity Company of Ghana. For the country to meet its economic growth, it is working on projects aimed at diversifying its energy generation and supply as the government is no longer able to handle it. I therefore propose that Consolidated Edison Company (ConEdison) come into a joint venture business agreement with Ghana, where generation and supply will be manage by ConEdison. During the past two decades, Ghana has emerged as a paragon of stability and good governance, held up as a shining example for the...

Words: 2170 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Microfin

...General Background on Global Microfinance Trends 0 Contents 1.0 OVER VIEW OF MICROFINANCE IN GHANA...................................................... 3 1.1 DEFINITION .....................................................................................................................3 1.2 EVOLUTION OF MICROFINANCE IN GHANA ..............................................................3 1.3 THE NEED FOR MICROFINANCE IN GHANA................................................................4 1.4 MICROFINANCE CLIENTS IN GHANA...........................................................................5 2.0 PROFILES OF MICROFINANCE APEX BODIES IN GHANA................................... 5 2.1 Ghana Co-operative Credit Unions Association (GCCUA).....................................5 2.1.1 Some Current Performance of GCCUA.............................................................. 6 2.1.2 Outstanding Challenges and Future Resource Requirements of CUA ........ 6 2.1.3 Summary of Credit Unions Annual Performance ............................................. 6 2.2 GHANA CO-OPERATIVE SUSU COLLECTORS’ ASSOCIATION (GCSCA)..................7 2.2.1 Some Current Performance of GCSCA .............................................................. 7 2.2.2 Outstanding Challenges and Future Resource Requirements for GCSCA .. 7 2.2.3 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF GCSCA TO CUA AS AT OCTOBER 2007.. 8 2.3 ASSOCIATION OF FINANCIAL NGOs (ASSFIN) .....................................................

Words: 5801 - Pages: 24

Premium Essay

Microfinance

...employed should be monitored to ensure that they are working as required and meeting organizational goals. If workers are left unattended, there is the tendency for them to use working hours for personal and other things which are unrelated to the work for which they have been employed. It is therefore imperative for employers to measure the performance of employees to know their actual contribution towards the achievement of organizational goals. According to Aurel Brudan, performance indicators are “the selected measures that provide visibility into the performance of a business and enable decision makers to take action in achieving the desired outcomes.” Bernard Marr also defines performance indicators as “the most important performance information that enables organizations or their stakeholders to understand whether the organization is on track or not.” Performance indicators or key performance indicators are used in assessing the performance of workers. They help an organization define and measure progress toward organizational goals. Performance indicators are financial and non-financial indicators that org’s use in order to estimate and fortify how successful they are, aiming previously established long lasting goals. They are quantifiable measurements, agreed to beforehand, that reflect the critical success factors of an organization. According to the Ghana Living Standard Survey (GLSS 5 – 2006/2007), Ghana has life expectancy of 57.9 years compared to the...

Words: 827 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Negotaition

...HUAWEI - Ghana Contract Negotiations Case back ground: I am working in a Wadi Degla Holding company, it’s a group of companies working in different field, may be the most famous activity of Wadi Degla & WD consider a pioneer in it, is Wadi Degla Sports and Social clubs. In the other hand one of the biggest investment in Wadi Degla is Egypro Company which works in communications constructions, building the mobile towers (antenna). EgyPro has 12 branches in Africa. And me as a Business development manager was assigned to sign a contract with HUAWEI in Ghana to build a new antennas. Accpording to Ghana regulation and EgyPro Quality department requirement, I should negotiate with HUAWEI to reach an agreement that ensures the highest quality with lowest price. And this negotiation was held after a successful negotiation on price done by sales team. Egypro contract Template contains about 24 clauses which define the responsibilities of both parties, the quality requirements, and the actions would be taken if any of both parties violate any of the conditions that mentioned in the contract. Objective: To sign a contract that represents the final agreement with HUAWEI, in order to have a written commitment on Quality of instruments supplied, Time of delivery and the prices (mentioned during the last negotiation with sales team), putting in consideration Ghana governmental legislations and EgyPro Quality requirements. Make and take decision: EgyPro Contract template contains...

Words: 571 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Business Ethics

...Introduction P4 In this assignment I will be looking at the ethical concerns facing the communities in which Divine Chocolate operate in. The main ethical concerns for Divine Chocolate would be globalisation, cultural imperialism, ecological issues, fair trade, child labour and exploitation. The main communities in which divine would operate in would be Local which would be the Ghanian communities which would be the people living in Ghana such as families and local businesses, Kuapa Kokoo which would be the farmers who harvest the coco beans and communities around the UK and Germany which again would be people living there and businesses run. Other communities would be regional and national which would be UK and Ghanaian governments. The final community would be international this would look at fair-trade organisations such as (FTO), United nation, European Union and finally pressure groups such as green piece. Ethical Concerns The main ethical concerns which I will be using will be globalisation, cultural imperialism, ecological issues, fair trade, child labour and exploitation. I will give a brief description of each ethical concern first and then cover how they affect different communities in which Divine operates in. Globalisation – This ethical concern allows businesses and people from all over the world to communicate with each other and do business as technology is always developing. It gives businesses the opportunity to sell products and make a profit at the...

Words: 3424 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Working Capital Managemenr

...RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND PROFITABLITY OF LISTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN GHANA Agyemang Badu Ebenezer Lecturer, Department of Business Administration Presbyterian University College, Ghana Michael Kwame Asiedu Lecturer, Department of Business Administration Presbyterian University College, Ghana ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of working capital management on the profitability of companies listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Secondary data from the Ghana Stock Exchange on manufacturing companies within the Accra metropolis was used to examine whether working capital management influence the profitability of manufacturing companies in the country. The study found out that, the major component of working capital management such as inventory days, account payable and cash conversion cycle have influence on the profitability of manufacturing companies. The study recommended that, manufacturing companies should adopt efficient and effective ways of efficiently managing these components of working capital management. KEY WORDS: Working capital management, profitability, net operating profit 1.1 INTRODUCTION Working Capital Management has become very important in financial management because of its effects on the firm’s profitability, risk and consequently its value. There are several important reasons why the management of working capital is important to both small and large organisations. (Smith, 1980). A well designed and implemented working capital management...

Words: 5695 - Pages: 23

Premium Essay

Factors Influencing Growth of Microfinance in Ghana

...MBA RESEARCH PROPOSAL TOPIC: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INCREASE AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROFINANCE IN THE GHANAIAN ECONOMY NAME: BELINDA AKU ATEPOR INDEX NUMBER: 10224399 SUPERVISOR: DR. CHARLES ANDOH TABLE OF CONTENT Background of the Study ………………………………………….......................................3 Problem Statement ……………………………………………….........................................4 Objectives of the Study ……………………………………………………………………..5 Research Problems ………………………………………………………………………….5 Significance of the Study …………………………………………………………………...5 Literature Review …………………………………………………………………………..6 Methodology …………………………………………………………………………………. Scope and Limitations ……………………………………………………………………...7 Chapter Outline …………………………………………………………………………….8 References…... DEFINITION What Is Microfinance? Microfinance, according to Otero (1999, p.8) is “the provision of financial services to low-income poor and very poor self-employed people”. These financial services according to Ledgerwood (1999) generally include savings and credit but can also include other financial services such as insurance and payment services. Schreiner and Colombet (2001, p.339) define microfinance as “the attempt to improve access to small deposits and small loans for poor households neglected by banks.” Therefore, microfinance involves the provision of financial services such as savings, loans and insurance to poor people living in both urban and rural settings who are unable to obtain...

Words: 2777 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

The Challenges of Revenue Mobilisation in Ghana

...ASSESSING THE CHALLENGES OF TAX REVENEUE MOBILISATION IN GHANA: A CASE OF SUNYANI MUNICIPALITY. By EGYIN, KODWO BOAKYE (PG 2043808) A Thesis submitted to the Institute Of Distance Learning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of COMMONWEALTH EXECUTIVE MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION JUNE, 2011 1 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work towards the CEMBA and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published by another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the University, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Kodwo Boakye Egyin Student Name ................................... Signature .............................. Date Certified by: Mr. Jones Lewis Arthur Supervisor ................................... Signature .............................. Date Certified by: Professor Isaac Dontwi Dean ................................... Signature .............................. Date 2 DEDICATION I dedicate this work first to the Almighty God who has brought me this far, to my father, Kwamina Akwaa Egyin, who mentored me through my education, my loving wife, Yvonne, my sweet kids, Papa Akwaa, Araba and Kurankwesi who stayed by my side all along. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am most grateful to the Almighty God for His protection throughout the course and seeing to a successful end. My special...

Words: 18978 - Pages: 76