...companies to invest, not in buildings and mall spaces, but in websites and web advertising. More than ever, traditional retailers are feeling more threatened by the worldwide web. The internet has created opportunities for people to shop with convenience and comfort which has not been possible in the past. Shopping online also has the added advantage of being able to compare products and prices at multiple sites with just a click. You are able to browse around the various online stores and find what you need. Payment method is often quite simple once you possess a credit card. Again with just a few clicks, payment is processed and transaction completed. Although shoppers today continue to flood the malls and department stores all over the world, online shopping has grown and continues to grow to new heights over the last decade and shows no sign of slowing down. Ever stop and wonder whether one day shopping for that special gift still dressed in your pajamas, while taking care of a husband, three children, and a cat with an overactive bladder at home was possible? Well thanks to twenty first century technology, anything’s virtually promising and shopping at home has become a part of everyday life as going to work or school. Compare online shopping with traditional shopping When it comes to the difference between the traditional shopping and online shopping, the former would definitely require more time while the latter would only take up minutes to go over hundreds of stores...
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...Freedom Struggle – Bipan Chandra (NBT Publication) 3. India’s Struggle for Independence – Bipan Chandra and Others 4. The Gazetteer of India, Volume 2: History and Culture 5. Indian History for General Studies – K Krishna Reddy (Wizard Pub.) IV. GENERAL SCIENCE: 1. NCERT Books on Biology, Physics and Chemistry, Standard IX & X 2. Anatomy & Physiology for Nurses Courses – Evelyn Pearce 3. Know Your Body – Reader's Digest 4. For current S & T issues, latest Magazines and News Papers can be referred. V. INDIAN GEOGRAPHY: 1. NCERT Geography books for Classes XI & XII 2. Indian Geography 3. Principles of Geography 4. World Geography 5. Atlas of World and India. VI. MENTAL ABILITY: 1. Objective Arithmetic – R.S.Agarwal 2. Numerical Ability – Tyra VII. CURRENT AFFAIRS: 1. A good National Daily, preferably the Hindu 2. Periodicals – Economist, Yojana, Seminar, Frontline, World Focus, South Asian Journal, Political and Economic Weekly, Mainstream, Down to Earth, etc. 3. Competition Magazines – Competition Wizard, Civil Services Times,...
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...Themes and Traditions of Geography Jennifer Friedrichsen Geography 100 4/20/2012 Dr. Siri Nimal Wickramaratne Themes and Traditions of Geography “Geography is the science that studies the relationships among natural systems, geographic areas, society, culture activities, and the independence of all of these over space.” (Christopherson, 2010, p. 4) Over time there have been two attempts that have influenced the basic understanding of geographic information, which allows us to gain additional and improved knowledge as well as appreciation for environmental changes and the different cultures around the world. These attempts are The Four Traditions of Geography and The Five Themes of Geography. Four Traditions of Pattison The four traditions consist of the spatial tradition, area tradition, man-land tradition and earth science tradition. Spatial Tradition is an “academic tradition in modern Geography that investigates geographic phenomena from a strictly spatial perspective” (Pidwirny, 2006). Spatial Tradition focuses on the mapping, positioning, direction, and distance, the characteristics of the form and movement related to these aspects or the distribution of phenomena. Area Studies Tradition is “an academic tradition in modern Geography that investigates an area on the Earth from a geographic perspective at either the local, regional, or global scale” (Pidwirny, 2006). This is the descriptions of different areas or regions. The nature of these...
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...ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Y U K O A O YA M A J A M E S T. M U R P H Y SUSAN HANSON KEY CONCEPTS IN key concepts in economic geography The Key Concepts in Human Geography series is intended to provide a set of companion texts for the core fields of the discipline. To date, students and academics have been relatively poorly served with regards to detailed discussions of the key concepts that geographers use to think about and understand the world. Dictionary entries are usually terse and restricted in their depth of explanation. Student textbooks tend to provide broad overviews of particular topics or the philosophy of Human Geography, but rarely provide a detailed overview of particular concepts, their premises, development over time and empirical use. Research monographs most often focus on particular issues and a limited number of concepts at a very advanced level, so do not offer an expansive and accessible overview of the variety of concepts in use within a subdiscipline. The Key Concepts in Human Geography series seeks to fill this gap, providing detailed description and discussion of the concepts that are at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in contemporary Human Geography. Each book consists of an introductory chapter that outlines the major conceptual developments over time along with approximately twenty-five entries on the core concepts that constitute the theoretical toolkit of geographers working within a specific subdiscipline. Each entry provides...
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...DB 1: Geography posted by Stacy Harris Thu Dec 9 23:48:28 2010 According to yourdictionary.com, Geography is defined as the study of the earth and all of its features. This also includes the human race and the effect that humans play on the earth. NationalGeographic.com states that there are five themes in Geography. These themes are location, place, human/environment interactions, movement, and regions. If I would have not read this article, I would think that location, place, and region are just about the same. But as I read the article, I found this was not the case. Location refers to the latitude and longitude of an exact spot on a map or globe. Places are defined by the characteristics that distinguish them from other places. For instances, the animal population of certain place makes it unique, as well as other features like mountains and even human architecture. Region refers to an area on earth that is unified by a specific attribute. These attributes can be either human or physical and can include things like climate,religious, political, cultural, and many others. Movement is used to study the way people and products move from one place to another through interactions and travel. It is also used to study resources and where they are located around the earth and how these resources are dispersed throughout the world. Human interaction/environment is used to describe the way that people interact with the world around them. This interaction can be both positive and negative...
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...MAJOR CULTURAL REALMS OF THE WORLD A cultural realm is a geographical region where cultural traits maintain homogeneity. The cultural traits are supposed to be the product of regional geographical circumstances. It is, thus, regional geography which has become the basis of the delineation of cultural realms in the world. Ratzel’s concept of cultural landscape provided encouragement to geographers for culture regionalization. Blache and Spencer are other geographers who considered the study of cultural realms as an important part of human geography. Apart from the geographers, historians, anthropologists and sociologists have also tried to regionalise the world into cultural realms. The variables of culture include the economic organization, social customs, traditional values, dietary habits, dress patterns, language and uniformity in physical characteristics. On the basis of these variables, various cultural realms can be identified. Brock Webb tried to establish the dominance of a particular phenomenon over the evolution of cultural landscape. He found that the impact of religious values is tremendous over the entire cultural system. All over the world, human beliefs, day-to-day activities and even dress patterns, food habits and social values are influenced by religious messages. To many geographers, religious messages are also influenced by regional geography. A cultural religious investigation reveals that the culture of a particular region becomes ineffective once the...
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...TOPIC 1 INTRODUCTION This work equips Geography teachers with appropriate techniques of teaching Geography in secondary Schools and other institutions. It deals with methods and approaches used in teaching Geography. Be aware that each area of specialization has its own techniques though some are similar. Classes of Geographers – we have two classes of Geographers (a) Geographers with content - those who have learned Geography content from lower levels to the highest levels (primary to university). Some of them are reputable Geographers in teaching. (b) Geographers with content and methodology – Those that have learned Geography content right from primary to the University/Diploma level in some cases they have been classmates in group (a). They have an element of teaching methods for Geographers. In case two, content is integrated with methodology. NB – A teacher’s teaching methods will motivate or demotivate/discourage students from enrolling in Geography. Nature and Content of Geography Definition of Geography Geo – Greek word meaning the earth, graphia – meaning to write/describe Literally means – descriping of the earth/writing about the earth. Thus, there is no total consensus on the definition of Geography. Geography has diverse content leading to conflicting definitions, concepts and aims. Geography is a science of place/space (spatial characteristics). Geography as a science deals with description and explanation of the spatial distribution of...
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...The Five Themes in Geography The Five Themes were developed by the National Council for Geographic Education to provide an organizing framework for the presentation of geographic materials. The Five Themes are as follows: Location: Position on the Earth's Surface (Absolute/Relative). Geographic study begins with the location of places on the earth. Places have absolute locations that pinpoint them on the earth, and relative locations that place each location in respect to other locations. Absolute location A location can be absolute (specific) as in coordinates of a map using longitude and latitude Relative location A location can be relative - examples: next door, nearby, a short drive, down the road a ways. Or, it can be in the same general location as another location - example: next to the post office. Place: What's it like there? Physical and Human Characteristics. Place have physical and human characteristics that make them what they are. Geography emphasizes the understanding of both of these factors and their integration together. Physical characteristics natural environment ( soil, water & climate) human characteristics man-made environment Human/Environment Interactions: Shaping the Landscape. The landscape of the earth is no longer a purely physical feature. Human have impact every area of the earth, but in varying ways. The geography of places is influenced by the degree to which humans have impacted their local environment. Humans depend on the environment...
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...AP-Human Geography Essay Geography at the moment is not a prevalent subject within the American school system. Some professors believe this is in part at fault for American’s lack of awareness of the world around them. Many believe it is necessary to educate students on geography, so they are able to fully comprehend current events occurring around the globe. Is what we learn by studying geography important enough that we should consider including it more heavily in students curriculums? Geography is the study of the earth, ranging from the land itself and the people who inhabit it. It’s arguable that without knowledge of the geography one can’t fully understand the events of history. Earths geography largely influenced early human civilization in many ways including where humans settled and what people’s occupations were. It also played a large part on the outcome of early wars. Today basic knowledge of geography is necessary to understand many current events. International peace treaties are hard to understand if you don’t know the interest of the countries involved their neighbors, allies, and international ties. The impact that conflicts between countries have on their neighbors is hard to comprehend if you don’t know where these are located. Two articles written by Charles F. Gritzner, a professor of geography at South Dakota State University, emphasize the importance of geography. In both articles the professor discusses how uneducated most Americans are on the...
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..... 2 Introduction to Explore 1 ..................................................... 4 Chapter 1: What is geography? ........................................... 7 Chapter 2: Geographical Skills ........................................... 11 Chapter 3: Our Earth ......................................................... 15 Chapter 4: Atmosphere and weather ................................. 19 Chapter 5: Our World—the main features of the Earth’s surface ................................................. 25 Chapter 6: Asia—our region of the world .......................... 29 Chapter 7: Pakistan—our homeland.................................. 34 Chapter 8: Pakistan—economic activities ......................... 40 Introduction to the series Explore is a new, up-to-date geography series for secondary classes 6–8. The series covers all the geographical topics and learning competencies from the Pakistan National Curriculum for Geography. Guided by the structure of the Curriculum, from Book 1 to Book 3 the focus gradually switches from local (including the geography of Pakistan) to global (world issues such as forest clearances, population and big city growth, and globalization). However, this is done not by simply following the exact sequence of the written curriculum, but by identifying and developing particular topics and themes in context with the world around us, in order to make the learning process more student-friendly and relevant. Explore consists of three...
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...orbit so everyone can have the ability to know exactly what is going on. Knowing location, time, weather anywhere on earth is a huge contribution to flying rockets in space. All of it factors in. There are many fields in my company that allow you to expand on issues of Geography. Many engineers deal with telemetry and things of that sort. If the training relates to work, which in this case it does, then my company will provide it. GIS and GPS is a must within the industry. I think it would be cool to locate where our spacecraft is and track it, then recover it or check if there are any issues with geography such as weather or objects in the sky that might be harmful to our mission. GIS and GPS is advancing more and more every day and the technology we have in today’s world is allowing us to do things we’ve never done before. GIS and GPS applications are crucial in our world because it does allow us to see things before it happens such as natural disasters. GIS and GPS has the potential to save human life and also save Mother Nature. With these two systems, having the database of our world, being able to see every inch of this earth is only more beneficial for us. My company is helping change the world and the...
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...Some people have trouble understanding the complete scope of the discipline of geography because, unlike most other disciplines, geography is not defined by one particular topic. Instead, geography is concerned with many different topics—people, culture, politics, settlements, plants, landforms, and much more. What distinguishes geography is that it approaches the study of diverse topics in a particular way (that is, from a particular perspective). Geography asks spatial questions—how and why things are distributed or arranged in particular ways on Earth’s surface. It looks at these different distributions and arrangements at many different scales. It also asks questions about how the interaction of different human and natural activities on Earth’s surface shape the characteristics of the world in which we live. Geography seeks to understand where things are found and why they are present in those places; how things that are located in the same or distant places influence one another over time; and why places and the people who live in them develop and change in particular ways. Raising these questions is at the heart of the “geographic perspective.” Exploration has long been an important part of geography. But exploration no longer simply means going to places that have not been visited before. It means documenting and trying to explain the variations that exist across the surface of Earth, as well as figuring out what those variations mean for the future. The...
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...ENSR International 1) What are the pros & cons of organizing around geographies? Service lines? Industries? Clients? The company ENSR is a multinational company with having its offices all around the world. As the clients of the company have dispersed geographically therefore; there is a high need for the company to expand more in geographical terms. Organizing around geographies would help the company to have different and vast exposure with respect to the clients however; it will also require company resources that include the money and time of the consultant. This is a major reason why ENSR always tries to make their business around geographies. Furthermore, organizing around service lines would help the company in efficiently utilizing the company’s resources with respect to desired level of expertise. Moreover, organizing around industries and clients will be helpful in securing clients more efficiently but with a greater level of expense. Moreover, the key accounts program will also help the company in securing relationships with potential and existing customers of ENSR. 2) How could the BDO solution look like in detail? Who would do what? How would the new organization chart look like? Which problems would be solved, which not? Business Development officers are the ones who are engaged in developing relationships with current and potential clients of the company. The business development officer solution was initially implemented in the 90s era as a part...
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...5/7/2015 Egor Sekuloski UNIVERSITY AMERICAN COLLEGE-SKOPJE Geographic Expansion Geographic expansion Geographic expansion can help you gain access to new markets and talent pools, reduce costs, and perhaps most importantly, provide a robust pipeline to fuel your company’s future growth. A diversified growth strategy protects your company from country-specific economic downturns: You reduce risk by broadening your presence. Further, if you don’t take your products/services global – if you don’t adapt to this ever-flattening world –you are key competitors will. The race is intense and unrelenting, and you cannot afford to let competitors take your place in the global market. Geographic expansion is an attractive business strategy. If you are making money in one city, why not double your money by setting up your business in two cities? Why not expand to fifty cities? If only it were that easy... Growth is the goal of every business owner. With a little luck and a lot of hard work, your business will grow and with it, your need to expand. Expansion can take many forms. One of the most common forms is geographic expansion, or the addition of one or more locations. Before adding a second location, ask yourself why you want to expand in the first place. If your business has reached its full potential at your current location and your growth has leveled off, then adding another location might be a smart business move. However, if your desire to expand stems from simple...
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...Geography helps the development of a society because rivers allow natural resources and transportation. In order to travel, you need boats/ships. Also, bodies of water can contain drinking water and sea creatures to eat. According to Document #1, “Danube River”, by Kay, it displays a river and trees. The river can help with food and transportation. To add on, the land around it contains trading posts, food, and trees which can create weapons, boats, and clothes. Therefore, geography helps the development of a society, by owning rivers which contain transportation and natural resources, needed to survive and grow. Additionally, geography helps the development of a society because monsoons help with natural resources. For...
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