...and performance measures at health facilities of Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia By: Alula Tadesse, SintayehuTarekegn&TadesseGudeta A term paper to be submitted to Dr.TemesgenGaroma (PhD) for partial fulfillment of advanced logistics and supply chain management course April, 2015 Jimma, Ethiopia Jimma University College of Health Sciences Department of Pharmacy Assessment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis drugs supply chain network design and performance measures at health facilities of Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia By: Alula Tadesse, SintayehuTarekegn&TadesseGudeta Advisor:-Dr.TemesgenGaroma (PhD) April, 2015 Jimma, Ethiopia ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In all supply chains, correct logistics management optimizes the circulation of products and materials, and insures the link between flow of the physical items and the follow of information. It takes a holistic approach to company’s activities, as well as to the lifecycle of a given product, from its conception to its disposal. This system also has a great impact on the sustained availability of medicines including antiretroviral drugs where their absences resultin service interruption and loss of customer confidence on the institution. For this purpose an effective supply chain network and performance measures needs to be established. OBJECTIVE:-The objective of this study was to assess the supply chain network and performance measures of antiretroviral drugs at health facilities of Jimma town...
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...This case deals with the ethical dilemma that Tobacco manufactures face when selling tobacco products in third world countries. First, there is the ethical dilemma of business versus health. The opening and development of the tobacco business in Third World countries like China, Malaysia, Indonesia, India and Africa, is considered against the health consequences of tobacco use which according to an Oxford University epidemiologist, has estimated to cost 3 million lives annually rising to 10 million by 2050 without effective tobacco control program A second ethical dilemma is employment versus impoverishment, where the opportunities for work in the tobacco industry are considered against a background of malnutrition. This is a problem that is certainly worth consideration, but with those who have the power to change things reaping huge profits, I am not sure if anything will be done. 1. Use the model in Exhibit 1 as a guide and assess the ethical and social responsibility implications of the situation described Exhibit 1 is a decision tree. A model for incorporating ethical and social responsibility issues into multinational business decisions. The decisions are decided by the users’ responses to a number of relevant questions regarding the matter at hand. The first question the model asks is whether the decision efficiently optimizes the common good or benefits of the business firm, society, the economy, and the individual. From the tobacco business standpoint, the answer...
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...Mitigation and adaptation measures to HIV/AIDS in the Philippines Mitigation and adaptation measures to HIV/AIDS in the Philippines STS 1 - X GROUP 16 STS 1 - X GROUP 16 Mitigation and adaptation measures to HIV/AIDS in the Philippines ------------------------------------------------- Factolerin, M., Mantala, C.J., Bernardo, M.C., Villa, A., Navarro, A.J., Ausa, E., Obiña, M.L., Velarde, E., Bernabe, M., Lusanta, A., & Bolanos, J. I. Introduction Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pattern of devastating infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmitted through the exchange of a variety of body fluids from infected individuals. It occurs in three ways: sexual transmission, exposure to infected blood or blood products, or perinatal transmission, which includes breastfeeding. The likelihood for transmission is affected by social, cultural, and environmental factors that differ between and within the various regions, countries, and continents. This virus attacks and destroys certain white blood cells that are essential to the body’s immune system (UNAIDS, 2000). When HIV infects a cell, it combines with that cell's genetic material and may lie inactive for years. Most people infected with HIV are still healthy and can live for years with no symptoms or only minor illnesses. They might be infected with HIV, but this does not necessarily mean that they have AIDS. HIV targets CD4+ lymphocytes that help recognize and destroy bacteria, viruses...
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...tuberculosis at the turn of the millennium, despite the availability of effective control measures, is a blot on the conscience of humankind. For developing countries, the situation has become desperate and the "cursed duet" of tuberculosis and AIDS is having a devastating impact on large sections of the global community. The vital question is, can despair be turned to hope early in the next millennium?” John Grange and Almuddin Zumla, 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Summary Zusammenfassung Abbreviations i iii vii xi PART I: Introduction and overview Page Chapter 1: Background 1.1. Motivation for the thesis and overview ………………………………………………….….. 1.2. The burden of tuberculosis ………………………………………………………………..… 1.2.1. Public health indicators …………………………………………….……………….. 1.2.2. Economic indicators …………………………………………….…………….…….. 1.2.3. The burden of illness ……………………………………………….…………….….. 1.3. The control of...
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...WHO smoke-free city case study Advancing the enforcement of the smoking ban in public places – Davao City, Philippines © World Health Organization 2011 All rights reserved. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to the WHO Centre for Health Development, I.H.D. Centre th Building, 9 Floor, 5-1, 1-chome, Wakinohama-Kaigandori, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, 651-0073, Japan (fax: +81 78 230 3178; email: wkc@wkc.who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind...
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...Intellectual Property and Developing Countries The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) describes Intellectual property (IP) as creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. Because Intellectual property is not physical, it poses some difficulty when trying to establish and enforce laws to protect it. The most common ways of protecting Intellectual property are done through patents, trademark and copyrights. Patents and trademark laws protect inventions, trademarks industrial designs, and geographic indications of source (i.e. symbols that specifically distinguish the source of goods); and copyright laws cover literary works, choreography, novels, paintings and architectural designs. Although it is a somewhat controversial issue, I have found that it is very necessary for developing countries to have customized intellectual property laws. These laws will aid in efficiently accessing and sharing of research and technological information, increased innovation, and present a more enticing environment for Foreign Domestic Investments (FDI). Although greatly debated, in the biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry, strong intellectual property rights are very important and can literally save lives. In China alone stronger IPR laws that prevent counterfeiting could save as many an astronomical number of lives each year. The World Health Organization (WHO defines counterfeit medicines as products deliberately...
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...Summary All the random changes in subjects and crazy ideas are typical to those who suffer from paranoid schizophrenia, a disorder that affects over 2 million Americans (Mayo Clinic, 1998). Often Leann hears voices and sees people who do not exist and that is how she gets all her ideas about her or others reading minds and telling the future. Just how we, as "normal" people, view our world through our own perspective, people with schizophrenia, have their own perspective of reality. Schizophrenics live in a world that is distorted and often is filled with hallucinations, delusions and disordered thinking. People with schizophrenia often seem distant, or preoccupied, when engaged in conversation. However, schizophrenics also exhibit very different kinds of behavior at odd times (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1999).NIMH, 1999 Researchers at the Mayo Clinic (1998) claim that, "Schizophrenia affects approximately 1 percent of the population worldwide, including more that 2 million Americans," In any given year, this surprising amount of people are affected. Women are usually affected with symptoms of the psychotic state in the twenties to early thirties. Some only have one psychotic episode, while others may have episodes throughout their lifetimes, but lead normal lives during the periods between episodes. However, people with "chronic" schizophrenia have a continuous or recurring pattern of the illness. They often do not fully recover their normal functioning...
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...Health promotion involves the establishment of healthy settings and a variety of these settings are utilized to encourage health and wellbeing worldwide. Health promotion settings include schools, universities, sporting clubs, cities/municipalities, hospitals, workplaces, prisons and child care centres. The following assignment mainly focuses on exploring, investigating, evaluating and summarising the benefits of hospitals as a health promotion setting. Hospitals are popular for their significant role in endorsing health, inhibiting disease and offering rehabilitation services. Additionally, hospitals influence health not only through the delivery of prevention, treatment, and recovery but also through their influence on the local environment (WHO, 2017). The key points that are going to be covered for the success of this assessment include a summary of the fundamental principles and importance of hospitals. Also, a predominant definition of hospitals will be provided, together with the target groups, main investors, and illustrations of health promoting activities in hospitals. Lastly, a Flinders Medical Centre case study will be evaluated to show the current and past activities that were done in the hospital setting. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion defines five key areas for health promotion: building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills,...
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...Workshop on Global Health Workforce Strategy Annecy, France, 9-12 December 2000 ASSESSING QUALITY, OUTCOME AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Dr Javier Martinez The Institute for Health Sector Development London World Health Organization Department of Organization of Health Services Delivery Geneva Switzerland 2001 © World Health Organization, 2001 This document is not a formal publication of the World Health Organization (WHO), and all rights are reserved by the Organization. The document may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced and translated, in part or in whole, but not for sale nor for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. Assessing quality, outcome and performance management Dr Javier Martinez The Institute for Health Sector Development London Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1. Background, objectives and methods ................................................................... 1 2. Mapping out the topic and this review .................................................................. 1 Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8 What is performance management? How have the concept and practice of performance management evolved over time? ............................ 3 Definition .............................................................................................................. 3 How have...
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...Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. According to the World Health Organization, Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness that is caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV). MERS CoV was first identified in Saudi Arabia. In 2012, the Jordan Ministry of Health began investigating an outbreak of a lower respiratory illness in a Jordanian hospital. In this initial outbreak, there were nine (9) confirmed cases with two (2) fatalities. Globally, since September 2012, the World Health Organization has been notified of 1,365 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with MERS-CoV, including at least 487 related deaths. (“WHO,” 2015). Since the first case identified in 2012, there have been new cases yearly in Oman, Republic of Korea (2015), United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Saudi Arabia (2012), the Philippines (2014), United Kingdom (2015), Kenya (2016), Kuwait, Qatar, China, Iran, Germany(2014), Turkey and Austria (2014) and two isolated cases in the United States (2014). (“MERS CoV Outbreak,” n.d.). MERS CoV Route of Transmission Based on several studies, the MERS CoV has been traced to Dromedary Camels. One study revealed extremely high titer levels of neutralizing antibodies to MERS CoV in the blood serum of the camels. Further studies show MERS CoV isolated from nasal swabs from camels. It is unclear exactly how the virus is transmitted from camels to humans but the World Health Organization has warned against touching or direct contact with camels...
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...except where such collaboration has been authorized by the lecturer concerned. H. MulambaSIGNATURE | Instructor’s Comments: GRADE [ ] | In this assignment we are going to look at the effects of poor ethical standards of an organization in the way it deals with the community of the environment in which it operates. And then suggesting solutions in which to the problems that may arise from poor ethical standards of an organization. According to the Business Dictionary, ethics are the basic concepts and fundamental principles of decent human conduct. Ethics includes the study of universal values as the essential equality of all men and women, human or natural rights, and obedience to the law of the land, concern for health and safety and for the natural environment. An ethical person is a good citizen at home, at school or work, and in the community. The community is an individual’s neighborhood, town/city, school or workplace, state, nation, and the world. An ethical person is caring. He...
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...Rural Health Management in India Dec -2013 Contents Lists of Contents Page No 1. List of Abbreviations 3 2. Abstract 4 3. Introduction 6 3.1 Private Sector in India 7 3.2 THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN HEALTH CARE 8 3.3 Public/Private Partnership 8 3.4 OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS 10 3.5 Classifying PPPs 10 3.6 Challenges in Partnership 11 3.7 Characteristics of Partnership 12 3.8 Scope and types of partnership 13 3.9 The Study for Research paper 15 3.10.1 Analysis and Discussion 16 3.10.2 Overview of the Case Studies 16 3.10.3 Enabling Conditions 17 3.10.4 Equity and Accessibility 19 3.10 Private partner selection and obligations of the Partners 19 3.11 Performance Specifications 20 3.12 Resource implications 20 3.13 Autonomy 21 3.14 Technical and managerial capacity 22 3.15 Quality of services 23 3.16 Stakeholder Perspectives 23 4. Summary and Conclusion 24 5. References 26 6. Annexure 29 1. List of Abbreviations PPP Public Private Partnership HSR Health Sector Reform ADBI Asian Development Bank Institute NRHM National Rural Health Mission FRU First Referral Unit MMVs Mobile Medical Unit CHC Community Health centre ...
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...stands for Public Library of Science. This article has to do with swine flu deaths from the 2009 global outbreak and a new study by researchers in 26 different countries that point to the fact that the number of people who died in the 2009 swine flu outbreak was much higher than original World Health Organization official figures have shown. The new study presented in PLOS Medicine gives an estimate of world-wide swine flu deaths to have been about 203,000. This figure is roughly ten times higher than that given by the World Health Organization (WHO)-which based its total only on laboratory confirmed cases and deaths. Also, this study looked into the number of deaths by causes that became exacerbated or intensified by swine flu infection. When these deaths were taken into account, the total number of deaths due to infection by swine flu nearly doubled the 203,000 total. This was approximately more than twenty times higher than the WHO total-which, just to reiterate, was solely based on lab confirmed cases, etc... When making comments on the study (which was funded by WHO to look into the details of the outbreak and to try to come up with a more accurate death toll), one of the main researchers and author, Lone Simonsen, a researcher and professor of the Department of Global Health at George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services in the United States stated: “We found that the mortality burden of this pandemic fell most heavily on younger people...
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...STRATEGIC STUDIES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND DIPLOMACY COURSE; RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CODE; DIR 311 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITTLE; CAUSES OF WOMEN DEATHS DURING CHILD BIRTH IN MASENO MISSION HOSPITAL AUTHOR | ADM NO | ANYANDA SHARON AYUMA | DS/3017/2010 | AFFILLIATION; Research Proposal submitted to the School of Development and strategic studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of international relations and diplomacy of Maseno University DECLARATION This reaserch proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University -------------------------- ---------------------------- Signature Date This research proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as University Supervisor -------------------------- ----------------------------Signature Date AKNOWLEDMENT This report and its findings were prepared by myself with the help of my roommate Eunice Bosibori Ondieki of the department of Communication and Media Technology at Maseno University, she took part in assisting me in interviewing individuals from Mabungo village and also the Hospital staff. I also consulted mu father Mr Maurice Anyanda who gave me ideas...
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...Chapter I: The Introduction A. Introduction Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that has become a major international public health concern. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), a potentially lethal complication, was first recognized in the 1950’s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand. DHF affects most Asian countries and has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. There are four distinct, but closely related, viruses that cause dengue. Recovery from infection by one provides lifelong immunity against that virus but confers only partial and transient protection against subsequent infection by the other three viruses. Sequential infection increases the risk of developing DHF.1 1 “Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever,” World Health Organization, March 2009, 15 Oct. 2011 <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en>. 2 There is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat DHF. For typical dengue, the immediate concern is the relief of symptoms. Adequate fluid intake for proper body hydration and rest is important. All else will depend on the person’s immune system. However, since the Philippines is abundant with herbal medicines, the Tawa Tawa is being touted as an alternative cure to DHF. The Tawa Tawa is described as having numerous flowers which measures about 5 to 8 centimeters each with...
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