...There are various declarations, conventions, treaties, and judgments of legislation dating back to the early eighteen hundreds established to justify a war or hold individuals accountable for cruel and inhumane treatment during a time of war, but not always adhered to by countries. The United Nations established international laws such as the Nuremberg Principles and the Genocide Convention to hold individual responsible for crimes against humanity. Countries have engaged in war crimes for thousands of years in violation of the established laws and customs of war. Torture, rape, massacres, genocide, and atrocities documented over centuries continue today. This paper will discuss some of the heinous crimes committed during War World II Holocaust and the Hutu massacre of the Tutsis. War Crimes the Executioners and the Victims of Genocide Military powers around the world inflict some of the most atrocious crimes against humanity, and in each case, there are executioners and victims of these crimes that never get fair justice. “ The German concentration camps of World War II, the horrors of the Vietnam War, the prolific rape and brutality during the break- up of the former Yugoslavia and the Hutu massacres of the Tutsis in Rwanda,” ("20th Century," n.d., p. 5) are just a few named conflicts that displayed devastating atrocities. The executioners in the World War II Holocaust and the Hutu Massacres in Rwanda caused terrible massacre to the human race more than any...
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...and Daniel Shaw Haight, who founded a settlement on the east bank (Molyneaux). Halfway between Chicago and Galena, the community was briefly known as "Midway", but quickly became known as "Rockford", because of the excellent ford across the Rock River (Molyneaux). Today, Rockford is the home for 152,871 people (according to the 2010 US census). During the 20th century Rockford was booming; the city placed a big part of the industrial revolution, trained men during World War I and II at Camp Grant, and is the proud owner of the Coronado Theater (Molyneaux). The first business in early Rockford was built in May, 1835 by Germanicus Kent and Thatcher Blake. The business of the settlement- known as Kentville-during the first years included a general store, a blacksmith shop, sawmill, primitive hotel, a crude system of banking, and mail facilities of a sort (Nelson). All were under Kent’s general proprietorship (Nelson). Rockford’s first ferry was also owned by Kent. In September, 1836, the Winnebago County Court granted a license to Kent to establish a ferry where the State street bridge now is (Segar). It was the dream of the early Rockford settlers that Rock river might be developed into one of the great water highways of this inland empire (Segar). Their dream came true in 1844, when the first steamboat successfully traveled down the Rock River, Pecatonica River, and Mississippi River (Segar). The settlement was incorporated as a village in 1839, and charted as a city in 1851 (Nelson)...
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...In the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, scientific and medical experimentation was being conducted in countries like Japan, Germany, the United States and many others. Many experiments that took place during this time period were done on humans, most of which were conducted forcibly and without the consent of its participants. There were two major vanguards that carried out these experiments, one of which was under the rationalization of eugenics. The other was research carried out for war purposes. For example, the development of chemical and biological warfare was being attempted during this time period. The Japanese during WWII had a disturbingly particular interest in the development of biological weapons. According to the documentary “Unit 731: Nightmare in Manchuria” the Japanese conducted research on unknowing human participants in order to develop biological weapons. In 1940 and 1941, Unit 731 bred bubonic plague infested fleas that were then spread by low flying planes over Chinese...
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...1910-1970, Japanese Americans became thriving members of society despite the discrimination and social issues caused by World War II. The Japanese were highly superior in agriculture, contributed to the American market and even volunteered in World War II. The Japanese even volunteered in World War II for a country that didn't even accept them. Japanese Americans have made significant contributions to the agriculture of the United States,especially in the west. Japanese immigrants introduced farming techniques that enabled the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and flowers on previously marginal lands. While the Issei, 1st generation Japanese Americans, survived and thrived in the early 20th century, most lost their farms during the internment during World War II. Japanese American detainees irrigated and cultivated lands...
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...late 19th century and early 20th century there was a strong presence of social Darwinism and a eugenicist world view, which declared certain types of people to be biologically better than other inferior groups. After the great depression hit Germany, it led to the idea of euthanizing the mentally ill, or physically disabled to save costs across the country. This opened the idea of euthanasia as a way to solve any problems with unwanted or undesirable people. By the time the Nazi party came to power the idea to preserve the valuable people, and rid the world of undesirable people was already common among society. Hitler was very open about his hatred for the Jewish people, but was careful to proceed slowly while introducing the hatred to fellow members of the Third Reich and other German citizens. It started with limits for the Jewish people, such as careers they could have, places they could go, assets they could have or obtain etc… Then the introduction of the Jewish Ghetto’s took place, to separate the unwanted people from the non-Jewish Germans. Several families would be forced to share a small space to live in. From there it escalated to Jews being sent from Ghetto’s to labor camps where they would do hard labor for the Third Reich, so that they would not have to sacrifice the work of the “real” German people. Labor camps turned into death camps where Jews were killed by the tens of thousands daily, and for a long time, even those citizens living near these camps...
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...Traditionally, prior to the 20th century the world was relatively violent in various practices, activities, and beliefs pertaining to how people lived back then. However, where it was once a lack of understanding or discipline in how we should behave, act, or resolve conflicts, moving into the modern day the act of cruelty against humanity and evil displayed by individuals are not done due to a lack of understanding, but more so done with knowing or having a negligence to what we are doing, which make the issue concerning. In Steven Pinker’s TED talk, he argues that today we live in a better world and we are much more peaceful to which he is partially correct in stating, however, an argument can be made that the ways in how during the 20th...
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...Political Movements in the 20th Century HUM/300 Political Movements in the 20th Century During the 20th century several major political events took place that changed the worldwide view of civilization and shook up the collective consciousness. World War I and II showed the dark side of technology when used to hurt humanity. Civil movements surged around the world as a result of minorities trying to regain their identity, which various governments throughout the world restricted. The authors will examine major political events that had a notable effect on the 20th century, including, the influences of World War I and II, the surge of the Civil Rights Movement, and the Gender Equality Movement. The author’s examination will consider the works of artists and how his or her creative expression reflected the mood of the era. Political Events: World War I and II World War I (WWI) started in 1914, and lasted through 1918. The political event that triggered this war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The war tactics employed in World War I changed the methods and strategies in future conflicts bringing more devastation. Some of the new strategies included trench warfare, chemical warfare, and upgraded technology; it introduced chemical weapons including chlorine and phosgene, which produced devastating damages. The exposure to high levels of these gases resulted in temporary blindness, difficulty...
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...the American heiress Jennie Jerome. He was educated at Harrow and the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, and was sent to India with a cavalry commission in 1895. He won early fame as a war correspondent, covering the Cuban revolt against Spain (1895), and British campaigns in the Northwest Frontier of India (1897), the Sudan (1898) and South Africa during the Boer War (1899). Churchill had authored five books by the age of 26. His daring escape from a Boer prison camp in 1899 made him a national hero and ushered him into the House of Commons, where his career spanned 60 years. Churchill’s relationship with what he called “the Great Republic was a lifelong passion and a constant source of fascination for him. Churchill played a pivotal role in the events that shaped and affected the United States. The relationship between the USA and UK was important on a global scale during the early 20th century. As a politician in World War I, his actions, both success and failures, helped secure victory for the Allie and shaped too the nature of the post war world. As an ardent British imperialist and pragmatist he helped create the modern and wholly artificial state of Iraq; the origins of this century, its ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity are central to an understanding of the needs of the US and the wider world. (Berlin, 1981) Conclusion Winston Churchill enjoyed one of the longest and most interesting lives of any person who has ever lived. From his birth at Blenheim Palace...
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...Assess critically three causes of the outbreak of the First World War 1914-1918. There were certain events leading up to the outbreak of the first World War , in late July of 1914. For decades different historians have researched and presented what they believe and suggest to be the causes of this war that drastically changed Europe. In this essay, i intend to discuss and assess three longterm causes and to what extent the system of alliances, militarism and imperial rivalry contributed to the development of the crisis of 1914 and consequently the war. Europe was split into two rival alliance groups, connected by a secondary set of treaties and agreements to countries spread out around the globe. A number of alliances had been signed between countries between the years of 1879 and 1914. The division of the principal nations of Europe into two camps, did not necessarily make for war. It only made it inevitable that any conflict involving two great powers would bring general war. This system has often been justified as being necessary to maintain the balance of power and thus initiate peace amongst nations. This unfortunately was not the case as the Alliance System was based on secret diplomacy, mutual suspicion and fear were created among the powers. In 1905, for example, William II provoked the First Moroccan Crisis in order to see whether or not the Entente Cordiale really existed. Secondly, the Alliance System promoted armament races, too. Anglo-French military cooperation...
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...WAR is a human Nature War: is an organized and often prolonged conflict that is carried out by states or non-state actors. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, social disruption, and economic destruction. War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities, and therefore is defined as a form of political violence or intervention. The set of techniques used by a group to carry out war is known as warfare. An absence of war is usually called peace. Etymology: The English word war derives from the late Old English (c.1050) words wyrre and werre; the Old North French werre; the Frankish werra; and the Proto-Germanic werso. The denotation of war derives from the Old Saxon werran, Old High German werran, and the German verwirren: “to confuse”, “to perplex”, and “to bring into confusion”.Another posited derivation is from the Ancient Greek barbaros, the Old Persian varhara, and the Sanskrit varvar and barbara. In German, the equivalent is Krieg; the equivalent Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian words for "war" is guerra, derived from the Germanic werra (“fight”, “tumult”).Etymologic legend has it that the Romanic peoples adopted a foreign, Germanic word for "war", to avoid using the Latin bellum, because, when sounded, it tended to merge with the...
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...Everyday people turn on the television set and see violence things happening all over the world. With the way violence is publicized over the news, television, Internet, radio, movies and games it is no wonder that people feel that the world is more violent then any other time in history. But, in my option, if you look at our history, you will see that the world today is no more violent than has been in the past. It is rarely known why someone would commit a violent act upon another person. The spectrum of violence can range anywhere from a scuffle between two individuals to a full scale World War among many nations. Generally, violence is associated with aggression, brute force, and the intention of causing harm. Political, social, religious, economic, criminal and personal differences are some of the most passionate issues we face as human beings. They are often the most common reasons for violence as they are often how people define themselves. (Alder & Denmark, 2004) Violence on a political level may be used to protect citizens or defend from outside forces. Ethnic or racial groups may use violence to fight against oppression and discrimination. Religion can also be a driving force of violence, because of differences in religion or performing terrorist attacks in the name of God. When someone assaults, robs, or commits a homicide there is usually violence involved. Emotions are probably one of the biggest triggers of violence. Individuals can be easily perform...
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... accomplished its objectives. Why did it succeed or fail? Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History; Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives; Christopher Tyerman, God’s War: A New History of the Crusades 2. How did anti-Semitism manifest itself in medieval Europe? Kenneth R. Stow, Alienated Minority: The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe; Mark R. Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages; Solomon Grayzel, The Church and the Jews in the Thirteenth Century 3. What was the position of prostitutes in medieval society? Ruth Mazo Karras, Common Women; Leah Otis, Prostitution in Medieval Society; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 4. Why did the French choose to follow Joan of Arc during the the Hundred Years War? Kelly DeVries, Joan of Arc: A Military Leader; Bonnie Wheeler, ed., Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 5. Discuss the significance of siege warfare during the crusades. You may narrow this question down to a single crusade if you wish. Jim Bradbury, The Medieval Siege; Randall Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century; John France, Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade 6. Why did the persecution of heretics increase during the high and later Middle Ages? You may focus on the persecution of ...
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...discuss both sides of the argument – for and against Marxism. By the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th, Russia was not a great Empire it used to be. Country was falling behind Europe in every aspect – economy, military and industrialization were not on par with the western world. Poverty and no glimpse of “brighter future” for lower class, or should we just say poor people, was working against Nicholas II and his reign. Throughout its history Russia was mostly an agricultural country, but with the need of industrialization and further development at the turn of the 20th century, the necessary for Marx’s ideas class was rising – proletariat, or working class. Working hours and conditions were unbearable across all industries and with work demand being way higher than available positions – pay was minimal, since there was the next guy who was willing to work for anything at all. Population was growing with anger and desire for change, but not necessarily overthrowing the Tsar. But since nothing was being done, and bourgeoisie was getting richer – landowners and later factory owners were seen as the enemy in a way. Humiliating loss in Russo-Japanese war, Bloody Sunday and World War I that followed were critical events that changed people’s mindset against Nicholas II. In “Communist Manifesto” Karl Marx wrote – “Society as a whole is more and more splitting into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other:...
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...modern anti-Semitism Throughout history the Jewish community has been subject to a violent history which can be traced as far back as their expulsion from Carthage in 250 C.E. For centuries, Jews have endured slavery, land confiscations, massacres, pogroms, blood baths, mass arrests, public torture, banishments, inquisition, slaughter, mass murders and finally, the Holocaust in the 20th century (Grossman, 2014). The Holocaust by far has been the most odious experience that the Jewish community has endured and yet there are many who deny it even took place. The rise of anti-Semitism in early 20th century Germany surely did not begin with Adolf Hitler; however, he was the fulcrum on which it intensified. This hatred for the Jews was not always the case as prior to World War I Jews in Eastern Europe “enjoyed a period of comparative peace, tranquility and the flowering of Jewish religious life” (Jones, 2011). It was after the defeat and subsequent peace settlement at Versailles in 1919, which was followed by a period of depression and burdensome reparations, that nation began to look for a scapegoat. The Jews were seen as the leaders of the parties which had surrendered and ‘stabbed’ Germany in the back by agreeing to the peace accord. Germany slipped into a great depression in the early 1920’s with widespread unemployment and rampant inflation. Hitler and the Nazi party began to capitalize on the unrest and malaise of those most deeply affected the depression and...
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...ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Researcher would like to thank all the people who helped and supported while writing this research paper. Firstly, the Researcher would like to thank God for all the blessings He had given me, The Researcher praise and love Him giving his family strength to support his studies. Lastly, the Researcher would like to thank his parents who taught him and gave him knowledge to understand an everyday life. Also, to his teachers who continued to give him full understanding in every subject they teaches him. Approval Sheet This research entitled “Bataan Death March” is hereby submitted to Ms. Kris Kay H. Albo for partial fulfillment of the requirements in English III This research is hereby approved and accepted with the rating of ___% _________________ Ms. Kris Kay H.Albo Teacher, English TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………………. i Approval Sheet ……………………………………………………………….…. ii Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………. iii Chapter I : The Problem and It’s Background A. Introduction … ……………………………………………………………. iv * Thesis Statement B. State of the...
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