...WW1 Significant events Many battles were fought in World War 1 and many lessons were learnt. Whether it is the advancements of technology or the new war tactics. Three of these kind of events stand out: the Gallipoli campaign in 1915, which is important as its failure influenced many countries who participated in the battles. The battle of Verdun which was the longest battle in WW1. And finally the US entering the war which, although happened towards the end of the war, influenced the battles and the decision making around the war. After the examination of these events, the most influential event of WW1 will be established and further proved to be the significant turning point in WW1. The first turning point in World War 1 is the British Campaign at Gallipoli in 1915. This campaign was important because it improved the morale of the British public, it allowed grain to more easily flow to Russia, and it kept Russia in the war, which was needed in order for the Allies to win. On November 25th 1914, Winston Churchill suggested his plan for a new war front in the Dardanelles to the British government’s War Council. On January 15th 1915, the War Council gave its agreement and British troops in Egypt were put on alert. The Central Powers were fighting primarily on two fronts – the Western and Eastern Fronts. Creating another front would force the Germans to split their army still further as they would need to support the badly rated Turkish army. When the Germans went to assist...
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...The Gallipoli Campaign of 1915, a battle during World War I, went very wrong. The Gallipoli campaign was a battle fought in the former Ottoman Empire, today known as Turkey with countries including Great Britain, Ottoman Empire, India, France, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia participating in it. Great Britain’s plan, a suggestion by the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, was to threaten Germany’s ally in World War I, the Ottoman Empire and get them out of the war. The hope was that while the Germans were already contending with Russian and French forces on two fronts, creating a third front would weaken the Germans. The execution however, did not go as planned as there were location errors, planning and tactical errors, mistakes...
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... Arthur Seaforth Blackburn died on 24th of November 1960 from natural causes. Blackburn enlisted in the 10th Battalion AIF (Australian Imperial Force) as a Private soldier shortly after the outbreak of War in August 1914. He was member of the “10th Battalion” the Adelaide Rifles and went to camp at the Morphettville racecourse. After his training, he landed at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915. Gallipoli is a peninsula, which is located on the northwest coast of the gulf of Turkey and Dardanelles. This battle took place in the year 1915 and it was fought during World War I (1914-1918)....
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...The first world war was significant to America because it brought forth fear of outside countries. There were not many countries involved, but attention was drawn to the most powerful, America. Participants in war were important to know because we needed allies, we could not have won without them. The main countries in the war was; The United States, The Ottoman Empire, Germany, United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, and Italy( Google Participants of WWI).All these massive powers were allies and the enemy of each other. The United Kingdom Was big allies with America. Germany declared war on the U.S. and the Ottoman Empire declared war on Italy. The Gallipoli Campaign of 1915-16, also known as the Battle of Gallipoli or the Dardanelles Campaign, was an unsuccessful attempt by the Allied Powers to control the sea route from Europe to Russia during World War I. Allied countries suffered over 70,000 casualties(History.com). During the Battle...
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...The Start of the War World War I began on July 28, 1914, when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. This seemingly small conflict between two countries spread rapidly: soon, Germany, Russia, Great Britain, and France were all drawn into the war, largely because they were involved in treaties that obligated them to defend certain other nations. Western and eastern fronts quickly opened along the borders of Germany and Austria-Hungary. The Western and Eastern Fronts The first month of combat consisted of bold attacks and rapid troop movements on both fronts. In the west, Germany attacked first Belgium and then France. In the east, Russia attacked both Germany and Austria-Hungary. In the south, Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia. Following the Battle of the Marne (September 5–9, 1914), the western front became entrenched in central France and remained that way for the rest of the war. The fronts in the east also gradually locked into place. The Ottoman Empire Late in 1914, the Ottoman Empire was brought into the fray as well, after Germany tricked Russia into thinking that Turkey had attacked it. As a result, much of 1915 was dominated by Allied actions against the Ottomans in the Mediterranean. First, Britain and France launched a failed attack on the Dardanelles. This campaign was followed by the British invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula. Britain also launched a separate campaign against the Turks in Mesopotamia. Although the British had some successes in Mesopotamia...
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...leading by mid-August to the outbreak of World War I, which pitted Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire (the so-called Central Powers) against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy and Japan (the Allied Powers). The Allies were joined after 1917 by the United States. The four years of the Great War–as it was then known–saw unprecedented levels of carnage and destruction, thanks to grueling trench warfare and the introduction of modern weaponry such as machine guns, tanks and chemical weapons. By the time World War I ended in the defeat of the Central Powers in November 1918, more than 9 million soldiers had been killed and 21 million more wounded. WORLD WAR I BEGINS (1914) Though tensions had been brewing in Europe–and especially in the troubled Balkan region–for years before conflict actually broke out, the spark that ignited World War I was struck in Sarajevo, Bosnia, where Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was shot to death along with his wife by the Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip on June 28, 1914. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand and Sophie set off a rapid chain of events: Austria-Hungary, like many in countries around the world, blamed the Serbian government for the attack and hoped to use the incident as justification for settling the question of Slavic nationalism once and for all. As Russia supported Serbia, Austria-Hungary waited to declare war until its leaders received assurances from...
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...Note I was at a loss for an idea for the challenge until my father suggested I go and have a chat with Mr David Lewien, a Vietnam veteran. He did not suggest anyone locally, but he spoke about to his interpretations of Leadership and Legacy. I decided to take Chaplain Andrew Gillison as a model for a leader leaving a legacy, as he was in World War One, as was my great grandfather. I have never heard much about my great grandfather’s experiences, because he never talked of the times he had experienced and there is not much information available to gather. So I wanted to learn a bit more about what he would have suffered in the times of the Great War. After researching for a while, I met up with Mrs Annie Gillison-Gray, the granddaughter of Andrew Gillison. We had a lively talk as she shared her memories and thoughts of her grandfather and the annual memorials they have at St Georges Presbyterian Church in St Kilda. I would also like to acknowledge my family for their help and support in the production of this recount. I thank my father and my brother especially for their time in coming with me on a special trip to the Australian War Memorial, to browse at Andrew Gillison’s diary and records. I would also like to acknowledge the staff at the Australian War Memorial for their time in obtaining the records for me to read. These are things that I never would have done, had I not focussed on Andrew Gillison: met an amazing woman, Mrs Annie, or visited the Australian War Memorial...
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...Assess the importance of the technology for the course and outcome of the First World War World War I was the first military conflict in the history of the world in which the technology played the role of such importance. Since the industrial revolution the technology had been constantly developing with a spectacular rate. In that time many ground-breaking tools and devices were invented such as steam engine, telegraph, usage of electricity or telephone. Besides these inventions that were used to improve the every-day life, there were also many others that were used in the World War I. To this group belong machine guns, barbed wire, tanks, dreadnoughts, submarines or mines. The usage of the technology had a big impact on the proceedings and the result of the World War I, because they virtually represented the power of each side participating in the conflict, influenced the morals of both soldiers and civilians and, what is vital, played a big role in the most important events of the War such as the creation and the breach of the stalemate on the West, the naval warfare, or Gallipoli campaign. Machine guns and barbed wire were very important for the course of the War due to the fact that they were part and parcel of the trenches, which were the direct cause of the failure of the Schlieffen Plan. The trenches formed a line from the North Sea to the Swiss frontier with France. That closed the door on free proceedings on the Western front, because barbed wire and machine guns...
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...Download0Go BackCommentLinkEmbedReadcastTweet World War 1 On Sunday, June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, Bosnia, an 18-year-old Serbian named Gavrilo Princip, shot and killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Duchess Sophie while they were driving in an open car. Princip belonged to a sercet terror society, called the Black Hand, that wanted to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule and unite it with Serbia. The assassination led to the first World War. This terrible conflict latsed over 4 years, involved over 30 nations, and claimed more than 20,000,000 lives, both miltary and civilian. It cost billions of dollars, destroyed Europe, crumbled empires, and sowed seeds of World War 2. There were also others causes that led up to World War 1. Over time, countries in Europe made mutual defense agreements that would pull them into battle. If one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World War 1, the following alliances existed: Russia and Serbia, Germany and Austria-Hungary (The Dual Alliance 1879), France and Russia (Franco-Russian Alliance 1891), Britain and France and Belgium, and Japan and Britain. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia (July 28, 1914), Russia got involved to defend Serbia. Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia (August 1, 1914). France was then drawn in against Germany and AustriaHungary (August 3, 1914). Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain into war (August 4, 1914). This eventually split the continent...
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...and founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as its first President. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in the Ottoman city of Salonika in the spring of 1881.He graduated from the War Academy on January 11, 1905.Mustafa Kemal established himself as an intelligent and extremely capable military commander while serving as a division commander at the Battle of Gallipoli. He later fought with distinction on the eastern Anatolian and Palestinian fronts, making a name for himself during World War I. Mustafa Kemal led the Turkish national movement in what would become the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Entente powers. His successful military campaigns led to the liberation of the country and to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. The purpose of this paper is to examine to extent to which Mustafa Kemal was an effective military leader. Leadership behavior; The study of the actions, or behaviors, that define a leader is known as behavioral leadership. First developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton in 1964, this theoretical approach to understanding leaders creates categories of styles, which are aligned with the actions the leader may take, or the methods they use to reach their goals. In the following paragraphs, I will give a example of Mustafa Kemal’s leadership behavior. Mustafa Kemal knew the psychology of the Turk, and the dogged fanatical fighting spirit of which he was capable...
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...and founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as its first President. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in the Ottoman city of Salonika in the spring of 1881.He graduated from the War Academy on January 11, 1905.Mustafa Kemal established himself as an intelligent and extremely capable military commander while serving as a division commander at the Battle of Gallipoli. He later fought with distinction on the eastern Anatolian and Palestinian fronts, making a name for himself during World War I. Mustafa Kemal led the Turkish national movement in what would become the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Entente powers. His successful military campaigns led to the liberation of the country and to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. The purpose of this paper is to examine to extent to which Mustafa Kemal was an effective military leader. Leadership behavior; The study of the actions, or behaviors, that define a leader is known as behavioral leadership. First developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton in 1964, this theoretical approach to understanding leaders creates categories of styles, which are aligned with the actions the leader may take, or the methods they use to reach their goals. In the following paragraphs, I will give a example of Mustafa Kemal’s leadership behavior. Mustafa Kemal knew the psychology of the Turk, and the dogged fanatical fighting spirit of which he was capable...
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...of Defense took control if its military force. It would take Australia nine years to build a military unit; merely it would go down due to poor planning by 1911. Before Australia became a federal government with an Army, their forces were composed of small British garrisons whose purpose was guarding convicts. It wasn’t till the rumors of war on Australia that a constitution of local infantry and artillery batteries would work. Across the Australian continental colonies would take off a voluntary organization that raised small detachments and later become permanent soldiers. By December of 1900 the colonial military force would reach approximately 29,000 men of officers and enlisted. Before the organization of the Department of Defense the military forces were in restraint of the lands. In 1902 Australia thought the best way to configure a military force was to appoint a Commanding General Officer to accept care. The first Commanding General Officer is Major General Sir Edward Thomas Henry Hutton. One of...
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...World War I The Ottoman Empire joined Germany and Austria (the Central Powers) during World War I (1914-1918) and collapsed after their defeat. The YoungTurks who controlled the government, anxious to have an all-Muslim empire, saw the chance to get rid of the Christian Armenians. Evacuations and killings during the Armenian genocide of 1915 left 600,000 dead and eliminated all the Armenians inside Turkey. The British expected easy victories, and sent armies into Mesopotamia (Iraq), which were badly defeated, and landed at Gallipoli in order to capture Istanbul, but failed badly in 1915. However, the British were successful in moving from Egypt to conquer Palestine, using the aid of Arab nationalists stirred up by British officer Lawrence of Arabia (T.E. Lawrence). Winston Churchill and other top British leaders envisioned an operation in which they placed their strength against Ottoman weakness. Instead of engaging a feeble opponent, however, the British faced the best-trained and best-led divisions in the Ottoman army and were up against the most heavily fortified and well-prepared positions in the Ottoman Empire. In command and control the Ottoman army performed well at all levels, and Ottoman soldiers proved to be effective fighters on the defensive. The Germans, furthermore, provided very talented generals and senior staff members to aid and help direct the Ottoman effort. As a result the Ottoman army fought the British to a stalemate, leading the British to abandon...
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...One of the major themes portrayed in literature following World War I was the realization that a difference existed between ideas and reality. The public had preconceived ideas about the superiority of their country and that battle would bring honor to oneself. The communication systems in place at the time could be prone to error or intervention from outside influences. In addition, staff officers lacked sufficient battle experience or enemy intelligence to plan battles that their troops were capable of meeting the promised outcome. These situations are the foundation for the perception that the public held about the concept of war that differed from what the young men on the front actually faced. Prior to World War I, the Napoleonic Wars took place almost 100 years prior from 1792 to 1815. Only stories existed about the horrors of battle with those who fought long dead. Without an oral history of what the troops experienced on the battled field the public perceived service and death in combat as the ultimate sacrifice to support ones county. This also dovetailed into the perception that society was only going to get better with the improvement in science and technology (Meyers). In Rupert Brooke’s “Peace” he wrote “And caught our youth, and wakened us from sleeping” and “Leave the sick hearts that honour could not move” (Brooke). These phrases in his poem established that young men at home were ignorant of what was going on around them and ignoring their duty to country...
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...fundamental luxury to circulate. I. The Ottoman Empire, to 1750 * After the Mongols, the Muslim Ottomans’ centralized governmental system proved to be somewhat ineffective for long-term control. A. Expansion and Frontiers * Osman, Gallipoli (connection b/t Euro & Asia), and army (Christian prisoners, gunpowder, cavalry) laid foundation for empire; initially focused on Chris. enemies, siege to Constantinople (Mehmed), Red Sea as well; Suleiman the Magnificent attacked Chris Europe, significant because he paved the way for conversions, some more brutal than others * Wanted to control Mediterranean tributary payments after conquer but allowed trading with acknowledgment; Portuguese threats remained unconsidered, as Ottomans cared little for merchant vessels attempting to usurp authority: important because lack of protection signified inevitable vulnerability in the Ottoman future. B. Central Institutions * Christian prisoners slaves/ Janissary from selection/ devshirme: children, language, promising received education, Islam/liberal/military arts produced scholars; cosmopolitan through Osmanli, grammar, vocab used by askeri/ mili. class (also included Jews), important because land grants and tokens of appreciation such as fundamental education were provided to militia * Safavids and Balkans lost often to Ottoman, however cavalrymen retained positions of power, enforcing taxation, campaigns: necessary because order was provided...
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