...-Number of shots heart; type of gun used; position of pt when shot; distance of the pt from the gun. History should be gathered from the pt, available eye-witnesses, and emergency medical service providers Does the patient have intra or extraperitoneal bleeding that requires surgical intervention? Does the patient have peritoneal contamination requiring washout and repair of a hollow viscus? Penetrating injuries with any hemodynamic instability and/or signs of intraperitoneal injury are treated operatively at the outset of management -GSWs most often injure the small bowel followed by the colon and liver Clinical thinking Does the patient have an adequate airway, and ability to protect it? Is the patient breathing? Is oxygenation and ventilation adequate? A GSW in the abdomen may penetrate the diaphragm and cause a significant thoracic injury -Does that patient have adequate blood volume and perfusion? How does the patient respond to resuscitation, does the pt take beta blockers that may mask an appropriate tachycardia? -evaluate the pts ability to follow commands and respond appropriately. Is neurological disability a central phenomenon from shock, or is there a direct spinal cord injury? The patient must always be adequately exposed to evaluate all injuries, don’t over look the axial, back, gluteal cleft, and perineum. Patients with penetrating abdominal injuries are best served by antibiotic therapy prior to operative intervention. Initial therapy should be broad...
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...remainder of the cost for the care of this patient. Much research has been done on ways to prevent SSI. This is a review of one quantitative study related to the effects of postoperative dressings on surgical complications, including surgical site infections. Protection of Human Participants In the study “Are Postoperative Dressings Necessary?” (Borkar & Khubalkar, 2011), 123 patients were recruited and signed informed consent. The researchers demonstrated protection of the participants from harm by way of the selection criteria. Only patients undergoing clean or clean-contaminated surgical procedures were included. Those with co-morbidity factors like diabetes or jaundice were excluded from the study, as well as those with contaminated wounds such as ruptured appendix or peritonitis. No particular benefit or risks to the participants were clearly identified by the authors; however, this reviewer could infer benefits such as closer monitoring of the surgical site during the recovery period which would also enable prompt diagnosis and treatment of infection. The inferred risks to the participants would be the increased risk of infection. The participants were free to withdraw from the study at any time. The research protocols were reviewed by the...
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...in soups and sauces. Ointment is one of the medicine that can cure wounds. The procedures are all the materials will be gathered. Leaves will be pounded .Pounded leaves of Malunggay will be extracted. The extract will be boiled. Boiled extract will then be cooled. The boiled extract will be put in a sterilized small bottle/container for storage /preservation. The product will then be applied to an open wound with the use of cotton. I therefore conclude that the malunggay leaves can be a substitute medicine in curing open wounds but its odor matters. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I, the researcher extend my gratitude to my parents for the support in making this, and to my classmates for giving me the courage in pursuing this study. And most especially to our Almighty God for giving me the wisdom in making this study possible. Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Malunggay grows very wildly in hot tropical climate and it is mainly found in the Philippines. It is best known as an excellent source of nutrition and a natural energy booster. Loaded with nutrients, vitamins and amino acids;it replenishes our body and provides what we need to get through a hectic weekday or active weekend. Malunggay has leaves and seeds (small); and both of them can produce extracts. Malunggay leaves extract can be use in many ways, it can be use in curing illnesses and even in curing open wounds; or it can be use as a substitute medicine in curing open wounds. Statement of the Problem This study aims to...
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...Surgical Wound Infection ? I will like to identify patients conditions and other factors contribute to the development of Surgical Wound infections. * Determine the aims or purposes of analysis The purpose is to understand the effect of environment in surgical wound infections. Prevention of infection requires the application of the principles of microbiology and accept practice. Measure of this concept is based on the stages of wound healing and the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention guidelines defining surgical site infection as occurring 30 days postoperative. * Identify all uses of the concept The Merriam-Webster Dictionary was used to explore the general definition of surgical wound infection Surgical of or relating to the process of performing a medical operation: of or relating to surgery. Wound an injury that is caused when a knife, bullet, etc., cuts or breaks the skin. Infection is the act or process of infecting someone or something: the state of being infected. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) was also used to explore the definition. Surgical relating or used in surgery. Wound is an injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow, or other impact, typically one in which the skin is cut or broken. Infection is the process of infecting or the state of being infected History of Surgical Wound Infection Hippocrates (Greek physician and surgeon, 460-377 BC), known as the father of medicine, used vinegar to irrigate open wounds and wrapped...
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...approximately a third of pregnant women in the US and 15% worldwide deliver by cesarean, and this prevalence is on the rise" (Dana Figueroa et al., 2013, p. 33). Since Cesarean sections are incredibly common and are only increasing, the risks for complications, such as infections, increase with it. To try and decrease the risks as much as possible, this study aims to look at the differences between two types of closing material used in Cesarean sections; absorbent sutures and staples. Are absorbable sutures more effective and safer than staples for Cesarean sections? The purpose of this study is to compare absorbent sutures and staples for clients undergoing a Cesarean section and to see which material has a lesser risk for infection and wound complications, which is more cost effective for the hospital, and patient satisfaction. This paper will help shed light on this subject by compiling multiple research articles and journals to create a better understanding on which material is best to use. Review of Literature There are a multitude of articles on the subject of absorbent sutures compared to staples. Every article, except for one, was a peer reviewed article with a study that was randomized and controlled. The exception article by Suzanne Corcoran et al. (2013) was, “A peer reviewed study that was a prospective observational cohort study involving...
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...Wardha, Maharashtra, India. drnitinborkar25@gmail.com Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine whether or not the routine use of postoperative dressings prevents surgical site infection and wound dehiscence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with clean or clean-contaminated (e.g. hernia, orchidectomy cystolithotomy, ureterolithotomy, appendectomy) sutured surgical wounds were randomised into two groups: those who did not receive postoperative dressings (the study group) and those who did (the control group). Variables like adequate haemostasis, sterile techniques, obliteration of all wound cavities, and approximation of divided structures were not controlled for. Wounds were assessed after 6 and 24 hours, and on the third and fifth postoperative days for clinical signs of infection and dehiscence. RESULTS: A total of 123 patients with 124 clean surgical wounds were recruited into the study. The mean age and ratio of men and women in each group were comparable. There was no significant difference in the rate of wound complications between the two groups: 4.76% for the study group and 4.92% for control. CONCLUSION: Based on these preliminary data, surgical wounds left open do not have an increased incidence of surgical site infection and wound dehiscence, compared with similar types of wounds dressed postoperatively. In a large teaching hospital, the extrapolated cost savings of dressing materials alone can be significant. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results. CONFLICT...
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...Grade Received: "A" Negligence as an act of omission 1. Bone in the rear-end taken out due to pressure sores An 80-year-old was admitted to an assisted-living center and had small pressure wounds on her tailbone as well as her left foot. During the following two weeks, the sores got a lot worse, but no medical treatment was given. The lady began to have a high temperature and was taken by ambulance to the local hospital; doctors were shocked. The sore on her tailbone was so infected that the bone was exposed. Surgery was done to clean out the wound, and a piece of the tailbone had to be taken out. Once the patient returned to the assisted-living facility, her sores got worse, and she died of sepsis four months later. http://www.sandiegoaccidentinjurylawyer.com/lawyer-attorney-1279341.html 2. Leg cut off due to untreated heel sore An 85-year-old resident of a South California assisted-living facility developed an ulcer on his right heel and it was left untreated for almost seven weeks. Regardless of the nurses’ notes stating that the sore was responding to treatment, the sore grew to be very large, discolored, necrotic, and began to smell. After the infection was discovered, the man was taken to the hospital and his leg was cut off above the knee. http://www.sandiegoaccidentinjurylawyer.com/lawyer-attorney-1279341.html 3. Patient passes away due to Neglect An 84-year-old resident of an assisted-living facility passed away due to a very bad case of urosepsis because...
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...(level of gravity) is fixed on the posterior surface of the body. The eyes are partially open. The irises are green. The corneas are cloudy. The sclera appear clear. The pupils measure 5.0 mm. The hair is dark brown. The hair is encrusted with what appears to be blood. A hematoma is present on the left temporal artery area of the scalp. There are 5 deep circular wounds on the skull. The posterior region of the neck has 2 deep circular wounds of approximately 0.5cm in diameter; one wound is on lamina and the other in on the cervical vertebrae, between C2 and C4. The Thorax (chest) and back are symmetrical and intact. The abdomen has multiple gunshot wounds. The external genitalia are that of an adult male and there is no evidence of injury. Limbs are equal, symmetrically developed and intact. There are no residual scars or tattoos. Internal examination: autopsy shows that the hematoma to the left temporal area of the head. The wound is inconsistent with the cranial and neck wounds previously noted. The two sharp force injuries to the back of the neck are made with an instrument with possibly a cylindrical shape. The wound paths are approximately 3cm in length, causing comminuted fractures...
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...CDC Report: Number of U.S. Adults with Diabetes Has Skyrocketed By Vanessa Evans | Yahoo! Contributor Network – 16 hrs ago The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released the findings from its latest Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) on Thursday, which focused on the prevalence of diabetes among American adults. The MMWR stated that the number of new cases of diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, has risen dramatically in the last 15 years across the country, especially in some of the southern states. The report looked at self-reported data collected from the participants of the study between the years of 1995 and 2010. The data was sorted and analyzed using a CDC system known as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to determine whether or not the average rate of diabetes had increased over time, and if so, by how much. Here is some of the key information to emerge from the CDC's latest MMWR release about diabetes. * According to the MMWR, diabetes prevalence was higher than 6 percent of the adult population in only three states at the start of the study in 1995. Puerto Rico and Washington, D.C., also had a greater than 6 percent prevalence of adult diabetes at that time. * In 2010, at the conclusion of the study, every U.S. state, along with Puerto Rico and Washington, D.C., reported a prevalence of diabetes among its adult population that was greater than or equal to 6 percent. In addition, six states as well as Puerto Rico reported...
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...missionary work. He has worked at the hospital for 20 years with a spotless record. He goes at least twice a year with a group of other physicians to Zambia to provide medical care and much needed medical supplies for the Zambian people. HIV is very prevalent in Zambia and most of the people there are infected. While in Zambia, Dr. Marshall decides to go sightseeing and while out he collapses due to dehydration and suffers a significant laceration on his arm. A woman comes to his aid and because Dr. Marshall was so worried about his injury, he fails to notice that this woman is HIV positive and has wounds on her arms that are oozing and she helps Dr. Marshall with his open wound. After returning to where his fellow physicians are, he decides to confide in his friend Dr. Singh, he tells him that he is afraid he may have been exposed to HIV because of the woman who help clean up his wound. Dr. Singh runs HIV testing on Dr. Marshall and it comes back positive. Dr. Marshall does not want Dr. Singh to share this information with anyone back at home because he is afraid of his reputation and since they are out of the country, they did not document the testing that was done. Dr. Singh agrees to keep this information confidential between the two of them. Moreover, a year passes by and Dr. Marshall wakes up one day and was not feeling well butt decides he will still go to work in the surgery department at Uptown General Hospital and not reschedule his patients. Most of his day was...
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...Advances in Military Medicine In this article I will be discussing three different types of advances in medicine that the United States Military are currently working on. Most of the major medical advances in the civilian sector were, at one time, being used and tried first in military applications. I will be discussing Bone Cement for Traumatic Wound Repair (Drummond, 2010). ‘Suspended Animation’ to stop blood Loss, prevent brain damage. (Drummond, 2010). Finally, Type-O Blood, in endless supply. (Drummond, 2010). Bone Cement, an injectable compound, is in development at the University of Pittsburgh. This compound can be used to repair damaged bone or spur bone growth (Drummond, 2010). Other applications could include quickly healing fractures, preventing amputations, replacing metal plates, and even re-growing portions of the human skull (Drummond, 2010). Imagine being able to stop blood loss, or prolong the golden hour thanks to a sort of Suspended Animation. The applications could be endless. In 2005, Pentagon-funded biochemist Mark Roth figured out how to turn mice into the semi-undead (Drummond, 2010). Roth achieved this by using a dose of hydrogen sulfide which stopped breathing, turned off brain function, and shut down the heart. Now Researchers at Texas A&M, with funding from DARPA are attempting a similar procedure on pigs using a different procedure. While Roth is onto a new way to induce this Suspended Animation by: Combining oxygen deprivation with...
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...sharp needle by wiping it with rubbing alcohol. Use the needle to gently lift or break the skin over the object. Lift the tip of the object out and grasp it with your tweezers. • Squeeze the wound gently to allow bleeding to wash out germs. • Wash the area again and pat dry. Apply an antibiotic ointment. Lacerations (Cuts) * Wash your hands. This helps avoid infection. Also put on disposable protective gloves if they're available. Stop the bleeding. Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their own. If not, apply gentle pressure with a sterile bandage or clean cloth and elevate the wound. * Clean the wound. Use clear water to rinse the wound. Keep soap out of the wound, as it can cause irritation. If dirt or debris remains in the wound after washing, use tweezers cleaned with alcohol to remove the particles. * Apply an antibiotic. Apply a thin layer of an antibiotic cream or ointment to help keep the surface moist. These products don't make the wound heal faster. But they can discourage infection and help the body's natural healing process. Certain ingredients in some ointments can cause a mild rash in some people. If a rash appears, stop using the ointment. * Cover the wound. Bandages can help keep the wound clean and keep harmful bacteria out. If the injury is just a minor scrape, or scratch, leave it uncovered. Stings To take care...
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...the most widely effective anti-bacterial agent and also the least toxic drugs known that is in a form of oral route of administration in a capsule form. The Discovery of antibiotic and 1st antibacterial substances was in 1929 by Sir Alexander Fleming in which he discovers and describes the properties of antibiotic, penicillin. As he observed that the Bacterium Staphylococcus aureus was destroyed by the mold Penicillium notatum wherein it became more significant and widely used for treating soldiers with open wounds during World War II. Curing or treating battlefield wound infections and pneumonia. Today, the antibacterial capsules are routinely prescribed and the simple cure they provide for so many infectious diseases is often taken for granted. Unfortunately, the misuse of these life-saving medication is now becoming more occurring in the Philippine country side, other people might tend to use and prefer automatically antibacterial agents to treat any form of wounds & diseases as a medication for better relief while others also attempt to but a medicine to the pharmacy and ask for the available antibacterial agents, which is a habit form of malpractice in dispensing these regulated drugs without the prescription orders from the physician. In response, more scientist are now scrambling to develop new drugs. Furthermore, the result of this study will serve as a tool to provide information the people in rural communities, who were not able...
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...Payo, Jerome Anthony F. Mr. Renato Rodis BSEE3-1 200910202 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENTS - EYE & FACE PROTECTION 1. Safety Spectacles [pic] • Made with metal/plastic safety frames • Most operations require side shields • Used for moderate impact from particles produced by such jobs as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling 2. Goggles [pic] • Protect eyes, eye sockets, and the facial area immediately surrounding the eyes from impact, dust, and splashes • Some goggles fit over corrective lenses 3. Welding Shields [pic] Protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light, and protect face and eyes from flying sparks, metal spatter, and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting. 4. Laser Safety Goggles [pic] Protect eyes from intense concentrations of light produced by lasers. 5. Face Shields [pic] • Protect the face from nuisance dusts and potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids • Do not protect employees from impact hazards - HEAD PROTECTION 1. Hard Hats [pic] - Protection From Falling Objects, - Against fall of a wearer from certain height - HAND PROTECTION Gloves Types of Gloves 1. Norfoil laminate resists permeation and breakthrough by an array of toxic/hazardous chemicals. [pic] 2. Butyl provides the highest...
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...and does a good job. What about the days in between cleanings? Staph infection is a serious thing if equipment is not getting cleaned properly. According to one news article, “That doesn't give you another excuse to hit the snooze button rather than working out, however. Doctors say the benefits of exercise far outweigh the small chance of acquiring staph or another infection at the gym or in the course of your fitness routine.” (Hobson, 2008) The article gives several good preventions to use in order to remain safe from a staph infection: make sure equipment has been clean or clean it yourself, don’t share clothes or towels, shower after workout, wear shower shoes or flip flops, don’t ignore symptoms and if you have a scrape or open wound stay out of the hot tub (Hobson, 2008). What I thought I would find is several risk violation in each facility and they would be easily fixed. I thought I would find broken parts on machines. Equipment not store properly and hazards of some kind....
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