...MODELS FOR ESTIMATION OF ISOMETRIC WRIST JOINT TORQUES USING SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY by Amirreza Ziai B.Eng., Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 2008 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE In the School of Engineering Science Faculty of Applied Science © Amirreza Ziai 2011 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2011 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for Fair Dealing. Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. APPROVAL Name: Degree: Title of Thesis: Amirreza Ziai M.A.Sc Models for estimation of isometric wrist joint torques using surface electromyography Examining Committee: Chair: Parvaneh Saeedi, P.Eng Assistant Professor – School of Engineering Science ______________________________________ Dr. Carlo Menon, P.Eng Senior Supervisor Assistant Professor – School of Engineering Science ______________________________________ Dr. Shahram Payandeh, P.Eng Supervisor Professor – School of Engineering Science ______________________________________ Dr. Bozena Kaminska, P.Eng Examiner Professor – School of Engineering Science Date Defended/Approved: _________September 2, 2011 ______________ ii ABSTRACT With an aging...
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...if the wrist is subjected to a large compressive load in a position of extension and ulnar deviation as this causes increased load and impinges the TFCC between the distal ulnar and the proximal carpal row. Whilst Degenerative changes have most commonly been associated with increased age, overuse injuries or positive ulnar variance which causes ulnocarpal impaction during wrist movements and degradation of the TFCC This is where I will place your video submission. You do not need to do anything here. This is just a space saver. This is where I will place your video submission. You do not need to do anything here. This is just a space saver. Typical patient features and presenting history: Populations most at risk of TFCC tears are gymnasts and racquet sport players due to the large compressive forces applied to the wrist in extension and ulnar deviation or patients with the degenerative conditions listed above. Patients with a TFCC tear will present with ulnar sided wrist pain and a “clicking” sensation during movements such as wrist extension and ulnar deviation. The mechanism of injury will normally be a traumatic incident (i.e. A fall onto on outstretched hand) or a history of repetitive compressive activities applied to the wrist, such as tennis. When describing their symptoms the patient should describe symptoms that are aggravated by activity and improve with rest. They may also report generalized weakness and swelling over the dorsal ulnar aspect of the wrist. Top...
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...AGE From Ossification Activity of the Bones Areas X-Rayed to Determine Age • Wrist & hand – children • Elbow, shoulder, pelvis and knee – Adult • Skull, vertebrae and sternum – Old person • AT BIRTH Lower end of femur, ½ cm in diameter Talus – 7th month (1U) Calcaneum – 5th month (1U) Cuboid – Upper end of tibia & head of humerus • WRIST Number of carpal bone indicate age in years between 2-6yrs. Pisiform ossifies – 10-12yrs Ossification of Carpal Bones Hand x-ray 3mo age One carpal bone is ossified Hand X-ray 3 Yrs 3 carpal bones are ossified Hand X-ray 6 Yrs 6 carpal bones are ossified 7 carpal bones are seen up to the age of 9 Yrs. Hand X-ray 11 Yrs Appearance of pisiform is important A dense rim is fully developed around the primary center at the age of 11-12 Yrs. Elbow joint X-ray 1 Yr Appear in medial epicondyle of humerus ( 4yrs (F) – 6yrs (M) Appear in olecranon ( 8–10yrs Lateral epicondyle of humerus united with trochlea & capitulum ( 13-14yrs All epiphyses at elbow (except medial epi.) join respective shaft 13-14yrs (F) 16-18yrs (M) Elbow joint X-ray 9 Yrs Primary center for lateral epicondyle appears at 9-12 Yrs All the centers are open at the age of 11-12 Yrs. Elbow joint X-ray 14 Yrs Fusion occurs from 13 Yrs - Starts from: - Lateral epicondyle 13 Yrs - Radius 14 Yrs - Olecranon process 14 Yrs...
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...injury to ease pain. Compression, such as wrapping with a stretch bandage, and elevation help minimize swelling. Within an everyday workplace a keyboard set up improperly may require the user to twist and bend the wrist, forcing the hand out of its neutral position (that is, the position requiring the least amount of effort). That causes irritation and strain to muscles, ligaments and tendons. You can find ergonomic products everywhere in today’s society these products help to eliminate and reduce the odds of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and activities of daily living (ADL). Many companies now offer pneumatic ergonomic desks that can accommodate either sitting or standing. These work stations are fantastic, particularly for people with lower back pain. Studies have shown that less pressure is placed on the discs of the lower back when we are standing. If you have lower back pain and are forced to sit in an office chair all day, get up and walk around regularly! Yes, a pneumatic office desk that accommodates sitting and standing is more expensive in the short term. But long term benefits however far out way initial cost. Companies end up paying higher healthcare premiums for employees riddled with orthopedic problems. In each of the areas of joints, muscles and nerves there can be effects of mal-alignment. These ill effects may start out as very slight, they may...
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...Complaints of Joint Pain Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/bios-105-wk-3-ilab-case-study-the-hard-rocking-guitar-player-with-complaints-of-joint-pain/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com Case Study: The Hard Rocking Guitar player with Complaints of Joint Pain A 35-year-old guitar player comes in to the clinic with complaints of joint pain for the past few months. He has nation-wide tour coming up next week, so he has been practicing more than usual for the past few months. He played to sellout crowds last year, and is extremely focused on putting on the best possible show this year. He particularly complains of wrist and palm pain after long practice sessions. He does not generally have pain in the morning. He is well appearing, and his general physical exam is normal. The joint exam does not find any swelling, though his palms and wrists are tender to palpation (touch). Both wrists extend past 90 degrees (this is a perfectly normal range of motion). The guitar player is diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. It is your job to do some research pertaining to carpal tunnel syndrome, and answer the following ten questions below. • What is carpal tunnel syndrome? • What is the carpal tunnel? Which bones contribute to the carpal tunnel? • Describe the normal possible movement of the wrist joint. • What causes...
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...Complaints of Joint Pain Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/bios-105-wk-3-ilab-case-study-the-hard-rocking-guitar-player-with-complaints-of-joint-pain/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com Case Study: The Hard Rocking Guitar player with Complaints of Joint Pain A 35-year-old guitar player comes in to the clinic with complaints of joint pain for the past few months. He has nation-wide tour coming up next week, so he has been practicing more than usual for the past few months. He played to sellout crowds last year, and is extremely focused on putting on the best possible show this year. He particularly complains of wrist and palm pain after long practice sessions. He does not generally have pain in the morning. He is well appearing, and his general physical exam is normal. The joint exam does not find any swelling, though his palms and wrists are tender to palpation (touch). Both wrists extend past 90 degrees (this is a perfectly normal range of motion). The guitar player is diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. It is your job to do some research pertaining to carpal tunnel syndrome, and answer the following ten questions below. • What is carpal tunnel syndrome? • What is the carpal tunnel? Which bones contribute to the carpal tunnel? • Describe the normal possible movement of the wrist joint. • What causes...
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...Vermaat, 2008). Studies done using ergonomics show that using the correct chair, keyboard, display device, and work surface configurations helps computer users work comfortably and efficiently and also preserve their health. According to previous studies, the majority of computer workers experience some eye or vision symptoms, but what was not clear was if whether these problems occur to a greater extent in these workers than in others who work in other visually demanding occupations. A national survey of doctors of optometry found that more than 14% of their present patients with eye or vision-related symptoms resulting from computer work. Working on a computer for a long period of time can cause different types of forearm and wrist CTDs, which are inflammation of tendons, nerve sheaths, and ligaments and damage to the soft tissues. Tenosynovitis, ganglion cysts, de Quervain’s disease, lateral epicondylitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome are different types of CTDs caused by computer use. Symptoms of CTDs are pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in muscles or movement of arms, hands and fingers. The Health and Safety Work Act explains how employers must minimize risks for all workers and also the legal standards for computer equipment. There are four main regulations that cover the use of computer equipment under the Health and Safety Work Act. These regulations are the Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment)...
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...olfactory tract which is the pathway to the olfactory nerve. Once this chemical has entered the central nervous system, it is input into the mammillary body of the brain which acts as a memory bank. The sense of smell of the hamburger then triggers the urge to eat the hamburger. This simple action actually involves numerous body structures from the nervous system, skeletal system, and muscular system. To be able to reach for the burger, structures of the skeletal system are necessary. The scapula must support the arm and hand movement. The humerus, radius, and ulna must also support the arm in movement and allowing motion to occur. The joint that allows the ulna and humerus to move is the humeroulnar joint which is a hinge joint. Another joint that allows the shoulder to move is the glenohumeral joint which is a ball and socket joint. The bones themselves are only for support, however, the nerves and muscles together must aid in the completion of the task. There are specific muscles used to complete...
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...become squeezed at the wrist. The median nerve controls sensations to the palm side of the thumb and fingers as well as impulses to some small muscles in the hand that allow the fingers and thumb to move. The carpal tunnel is a narrow, rigid passageway of ligament and bones at the base of the hand. It houses the median nerve and tendons. It becomes thick from irritated tendons or other swelling narrows the tunnel and causes the median nerve to be compressed.(Brian) This can cause weakness, numbness, and pain in the hand and wrist, that moves up the arm. Carpal tunnel syndrome is often caused by several things together that increase...
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...Ergonomists. What is Ergonomics? In the field of ergonomics it is the ergonomists job to try and make a job fit the employing instead of making the employee adjust to the job. This may be done in making a chair, but that chair may allow the employee to work an hour more than if they were in a different chair. An ergonomist may make a keyboard design that allows you to type more words for a longer amount of time without having to stop because your hands hurt or are tired. So you see it is pretty simple what they do. They try to make jobs more efficient so the employee is happier and able to work more while not hating what they do. How Does It Effect Individuals And How To Fix It? Ergonomic disorders can place many physical stresses on joints, muscles, bones, tendons and environmental effects on both hearing and vision. Physical stressors can include repetitive motions such as those caused by typing or continual use of a manual screwdriver. Other physical stressors could be tasks involving vibration such as using a jackhammer, or tasks which involve using excessive force, such as lifting boxes of heavy books. Working in an awkward position, such as holding a telephone to your ear with your shoulder, can also cause problems. Repetitive motions, vibration, excessive force, and awkward positions are frequently linked to ergonomic disorders and it is clear to see that many of these conditions and practices are relevant to the common workplace. The majority of disorders caused...
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...WORKER’S COMPENSATION LAW Beverly Tull was employed by Atchison since 1989 and began having hand, wrist, and shoulder pain in the fall of 1999. She was referred to a physician who noted in April 2000 that her carpal tunnel syndrome was "severe enough" for surgery. In June 2000, the physician sent a letter to Atchison stating that Tull expressed to me that her shoulder is actually hurting more than her hands, and she has been anxious to have her carpal tunnel released since very early this year. However, she seems to be somewhat of a silent sufferer and has been willing to hold off on surgical intervention. However, we are having trouble with insurance coverage. Also, she has used an extra dose of Celebrex to control her pain so she can get some sleep at night. Tull filed her application for hearing in August 2000, designating her date of injury as September 8, 1999. The administrative law judge (ALJ) was informed that Tull had yet to receive the care recommended by Atchison's designated treating physician due to a dispute between Atchison's insurance carriers. At a preliminary hearing in November 2000, neither Fireman's nor Superior would authorize treatment for Tull, so the ALJ ordered medical expenses paid by both carriers and Atchison. Tull underwent a left carpal tunnel release surgery on December 11, 2000, and returned to work approximately 6 weeks later on January 23, 2001. At a February 7, 2001, hearing, neither the surgeon's bill nor the hospital bill...
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...48 yr old man presents to ER stating my “left lower leg is killing me.” Patient has been in pain for two days. When asked when the pain started PT states “while I was playing water Volleyball, I felt a pop in my leg, I thought maybe I just strained a muscle but it feels like someone hit me in the back of the leg with a bat, I can’t even walk on my leg.” Upon visual evaluation the leg is swollen and blue in color. Nurse is observing swelling, bruising, and alignment of the two legs. A Thompson test can be used to the severity of the injury. The tender area felt boggy to palpation and a gap was found. Both feet and ankles felt normal, although a non-tender calcaneus was found. The patient had a capillary-refill time of less than two seconds and no neurovascular deficit. The left ankle had normal dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, but there was active resistance on plantar flexion in the right ankle. Passive inversion and eversion movements were normal with no laxity and endpoints were firm. Initial diagnosis was a ruptured Achilles tendon in the right leg and this was confirmed by ultrasonography. Radiography was not indicated. The patient’s case was discussed with an orthopaedic registrar by telephone. The patient’s limb was then placed in equinus cast, in which the ankle is flexed to between 40° and 60°, and plaster of Paris was applied. To ensure the patient’s psychosocial needs were met, and that he had a realistic expectation of rehabilitation and long-term care...
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...1. In the Hillsdale Savings Bank, a Menorah and a Christmas tree are displayed. Maria McDougal, a teller, brings a small nativity scene for display. The bank manager refuses to display it for fear of offending non-Christians. After Maria writes to the bank headquarters, she is terminated. How would you advise her to proceed? The aim of law is to uphold common good. Common good is that attribute or feature of communities which are desirable and so have to be nurtured and kept intact. This can be done only by people in authority and hence the law is to upkeep the common good exercising certain statutes may boil down the law to certain tough standards and so becomes authoritative in the sense that everyone has to follow it irrespective of whether someone has harmed society or not. It cannot use discretionary powers hence; it is looked at with a certain perspective as being applicable to all concerned and especially to those whose aim is to harm people of common good. Statutes have been enacted to prohibit certain unhealthy practices creeping into society and setting wrong precedents in normal human relationship. The law steps in and punishes those who try to create wrong ideas of community good and so it is looked upon as the only tool that can bring to book wrong action. Maria brought the display and was refused to display it, when she wrote to the headquarter and she was terminated. Now she should proceed like this, either she should write to somebody responsible for...
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...disease basically caused due to the repetitive motions. Now to address this issue the organization needs to create awareness in their employees. The organization decides to conduct a study on randomly selected staff and based on this they try to give following recommendations. Statement of Purpose The report is trying to focus on analyzing the cause of the problem. It will study the usage pattern of computer users and its effect on employees' health. It also look the level of awareness among the employees about the best practices. The side effect and health hazard due to repetitive motion will also be studied and analyzed. Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) Carpal tunnel syndrome caused when the median nerve is pressed or squeezed at the wrist. This nerve runs from the forearm into the palm of the hand and controls sensations related to thumbs and fingers. Medical field says that it caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but other factors like hypothyroidism, diabetes, heavy work or repetitive use of vibrating tools also can cause CTS. Analysis The employees are required to answer the questionnaire (appendix). The study yield following conclusion. * 75% staff is in the age group of 30 to 50 years. * Remaining 25% staff are above 50 and suffers from obesity or diabetes so we will not consider this percentage of employees for further analysis. * 30% of the staff take good care of their physical condition. * Gender of the staff did not affect...
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...teachers creativity to engage the students in the classroom. But practically we cannot deny the importance of modern teaching aids to make a teacher's task easier. Here comes the importance of discussing the disadvantages of modern teaching aids too which should not be undermined by a teacher. As Science has progressed the experiments on modern teaching aids have revealed some shocking factors. For example, one of the disadvantage of use of computers by children carries the risk of repetitive motion injuries like Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome results from the pressure on median nerve and as a result the the median nerves starts dysfunctioning. It appears among people who usually perform repetitive motions of the hand and wrist and typing on a computer keyboard is the most common cause of carpal tunnel, especially in children. Today many school uses TV as teaching aids and even play cartoon to keep engaged the nursery students. But just think of those children whose parents are working while leaving their kids with a nanny and on their daily dose of cartoons. Such child spend an average of 8-9 hours of viewing Television. And we all know about the results of TV addiction. The intellectual and emotional growth as well as physical development also deeply affected by long hours of TV viewing. Use of air-conditioners in modern schools that many a parents consider a must is also a condition that hamper physical develpoment of a child. Use of air conditioners hinders...
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