...Project Finance The Methodology most used to finance capital-intensive projects was called project financing, and the field was called project finance. Characteristics There were many definitions of project fiance, but almost all of them had the following key characteristics. The main feature is the creation of a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), a bankruptcy-remote entity that remained secure if the parent company went under. The SPV has a limited life (usually the duration of the project, i.e. 20 to 30 years), and it is usually highly leveraged(with debt at 80% ot 90% of total capital). The cash flows generated through the project are used to cover the operational costs, repay debt and provide dividends to the shareholders. Furthermore, project financing included extensive and complex contractual agreements adimed at effectively managing risks. Each risk was allocated to the entity (public or private) most capable of managing it. Public Private Partnerships A Public Private Partnership (PPP) is formed when public and private entities (one or more private entities) decide to collaborate in order to answer to public needs in the most effective possible way, by sharing resources, risks and benefits. Characteristics In a PPP project, the private sector entity builds, extends or renovates a facility while the public sector entity specifies the operating services of the facility. The government is able to transfer substantial financial, technical and operational...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...Difference between Fashion Marketing and Normal Marketing? Marketing is the process of anticipating a consumer need and then making or offering a product which satisfies the customer and also feedback is important to improve the product. Therefore, it is communicating the value of a product or service to the final customer. It involves the 4 P’s of marketing which are Product, Place, Price, and Promotion. While Fashion marketing is the profession that takes the latest trends and designs in clothing and communicates them to a target market in such a way that the consumer is not only aware of the product, but wants to and ultimately does buy the product. It is the process of analysing, developing and marketing current fashion trends and determining and segmenting the customers. The goal of fashion marketing is to move clothing out of designer’s showrooms and into customer closets. Fashion marketing has increased competition as fashion gains exposure and has wider appeals. In this marketing, the fashion comes and goes according to the trends and the season. In fashion marketing, the customer’s needs depend upon the lifestyle of a person, for example a 22 year married girl will have different needs from a 22 year college going girl. In these types of market demand of product arises frequently and it get fulfilled very quickly. While in normal marketing the competition factor is less as there are no new innovations frequently because people prefer the same product more which they...
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...Hypothesis Write-Up Participants who have depleted their self-regulatory resources will be willing to spend more on purchase items than those who have not. This is hypothesised with the support of previous literature in regards to self-regulation/self-control and relevant resource depletion. Self-regulation involves exerting control over oneself in order to maximise one’s benefits on a long term basis whilst consequently inhibiting immediate desires (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000). Because self-control involves cognitive processing, cognitive fatigue is the consequence of exerting self-control and thus replenishment would be required (Bargh & Chartrand, 1999). However, when one is before the stage of replenishment, and thus still in the state of depletion, one is likely to fail in further tasks involving self-control (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000). Furthermore, fatigue is known to hinder one’s capacity to exert self-control, particularly in the late evening (Baumeister & Heatherton, 1996). From Bargh and Chartrand’s (1999) study which found that the act of exerting self-control itself causes fatigue, a cyclic effect is seen as fatigue, as mentioned above, obstructs the exertion of self-control. Participants with depleted self-regulatory resources are hypothesized to be willing to spend more than non-depleted participants because spending, or more importantly, not spending, requires self-control, and thus self-regulatory resources. As discussed above, when...
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...[pic] | | | |Office of Academic Advising |Philosophy Major | |Garland Hall, Suite 300 / 3400 N. Charles St. | | |Baltimore MD 21218 | | |410-516-8216 | | |advising@jhu.edu | | |www.advising.jhu.edu | | Course No. and Title Completed In Progress To be Done Eleven (11) Philosophy courses required in total. Requirements include: two historical courses, one course in each of three focal areas, the Undergraduate Seminar, and five Philosophy elective courses. Only two (2) 100-level courses may count towards the major. Either 150.111 or 150.112 may count towards the major, but not both...
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...Harvard Business School 9-293-128 Rev. October 6, 1995 American Barrick Resources Corporation: Managing Gold Price Risk During 1992 the financial team of Toronto-based American Barrick Resources Corporation, one of the world’s fastest growing and most financially successful gold-mining concerns, met regularly to review strategic and tactical issues related to managing the firm’s exposure to gold price risk. Many major gold mines prided themselves on hedging none of the price risk of their output. If unhedged, a gold mine’s sole output, and hence its profits, cash flows, and stock price, were tied to gyrations in the price of gold. However, American Barrick had in place a gold-hedging program that was an integral and much publicized part of the firm’s corporate strategy. In an environment of falling gold prices, the firm’s hedge position had allowed it to profit handsomely and to sell its commodity output at prices well above market rates. For example, in 1992, American Barrick produced and sold over 1,280,000 ounces of gold at an average price of $422 per ounce, while the market price was about $345 per ounce.1 American Barrick’s gold-hedging program, and indeed all the corporate finance and treasury functions of the $4 billion market capitalization enterprise, were managed by a trio of relatively young but experienced financial executives: Gregory Wilkins (executive vice president and chief financial officer), Robert Wickham (vice president, finance), and Randall Oliphant...
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...INDIAN COPYRIGHT ACT, 1957 CONTENTS Introduction 3 Need for Copyright Protection 3 Scope of Copyright 4 Indian Copyright Act, 1957 5 Remedies 10 Cases 12 Conclusion 14 Bibliography 14 INTRODUCTION The world has entered an era of instant communication. A person sitting in the remotest corner of India can enjoy a live performance taking place anywhere in the world thanks to electronic (parallel) media. Telephone and fax have made it possible to communicate oral or written messages across the globe within seconds. Computer-aided communication technologies such as E-Mail and Internet have added an altogether new dimension to today's communication process by making it more speedy, informative and economical. The mode of communication of different types of information has also undergone a sea change. While all these have made communication among people more effective and efficient both in terms of time and cost, they pose a threat in terms of copyright infringement. Modern communication channels, being intensively relying on a variety of copyrighted products, are liable to be pirated on a large scale if adequate precautions are not exercised. Need for Copyright Protection Copyright is the right given by law to the creators of literary, dramatic, musical and a variety of other works. It ordinarily means the creator alone has the right to make copies of his or her works or alternatively, prevent others from making copies of the same. The basic idea...
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...Daphnia Practical Write-up Purpose and Hypothesis The purpose of this experiment was to determine how affected the heart rate of the daphnia. The results gained from this experiment aids scientific researchers in finding out how caffeine can affect heart rate as well as human health. My hypothesis was that as we increase the caffeine dose the daphnia heartbeat would increase at the same time. Variables The independent variable was the amount of caffeine we administrated to the daphnia. The dependent variable was the heartbeat of the daphnia before and after their caffeine intake. The control variables were the species of daphnia used, the water temperature and the type of microscope used Method Ultimately our method was successful despite the experiment itself not being successful .We was able to carry out all of the steps without difficulty despite environmental troubles. 1. Gather all the relevant equipment including the daphnia, solutions of no caffeine concentration and two of different solutions of caffeine concentrations. 2. Remove the daphnia from its initial environment using a pipette, disposing of excess water in a few drops. 3. Pipette the daphnia onto a microscope side into the dipped part, remove excess water still remaining using a filter paper or a paper towel. 4. Add a few drops of distilled water and remove excess water using a filter paper or a paper towel to prevent the daphnia from moving around more than need. 5. Focus the daphnia in the...
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...CBS News, Nov 16, 2009 Burger King (BKC) stores are losing money on the company's $1 double cheeseburger promotion, according to a lawsuit filed last week by the National Franchisee Association. The franchisees say the product costs them at least $1.10 per sandwich, and they're challenging Burger King's right to dictate maximum prices. Last summer, Burger King asked its franchisees if they would support the temporary double cheeseburger price cut, but they said no. Twice, in fact. But Burger King decided to roll it out anyway, so the franchisees have taken it to the courts. The economy has put chains like Burger King in a tight spot, and the choice seems to be between losing customers or bringing them in with lower prices that wind up hacking away at the bottom line. I have no idea what the legal agreement is between Burger King and its franchisees, so I can't speak to whether BK is right when it says the lawsuit is "without merit." But from a business standpoint, ignoring store owners on the promotion doesn't seem like the best strategy. McDonald's (MCD), in contrast, upped the price on its own double cheeseburger last December because of complaints from its own franchisees. Burger King lays out menu strategy August 24, 2010 | By Ron Ruggless Burger King Holdings Inc. plans to continue emphasizing its “barbell” strategy of promoting both value and premium menu items and said it remains optimistic that the September rollout of its new breakfast...
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...Element of Strategy Strategic Choice Rationale Target market Software in home educational its what the public Marketing segment of microcomp. industry. wants (edu. software), atari/commodore 64; Branding growing industry, little competition in edu. software Distribution direct sales force, sell directly to one of biggest assets, cheaper large retailers than offering 5% commission Manufacturing 13 ppl. full time; 140 ppl over very small cost, does Christmas season, $75K cost overrun only $75k Financial line of credit of 6mil at prime rate; in 1986 the home comp. indust- limit 80% recievables, potential ry will take off?, incredible relaxing pt, want 3-5 mil by july, growth, venture capital potential not public, best chance sell small percentage of co. to corporation Risk Target Market/Marketing: computer industry will take off, but is a constantly changing trend, technology keeps improving. Education and entertainment will not achieve more than a 30-35% penetration in U.S homes Distribution: technology keeps changing, therefore these large retailers/Spinnaker could be left with lots of unsold inventory Manufacturing: could face hiring issues because most are Portuguese immigrants, do not speak english, could cause conflicts in understanding objectives/cultural issues affecting manufacturing Financial: unpredictability if the proposals or third party development business will...
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...Data Structures and Functional Programming CS 3110, Fall 2013 Version: 6 Problem Set 4 Due at 11:59 PM, Thursday, October 17 Last Modified: October 22, 2013 Instructions Compile Errors All code you submit must compile. Programs that do not compile will be heavily penalized. If your submission does not compile, we will notify you immediately. You will have 48 hours after the submission date to supply us with a patch. If you do not submit a patch, or if your patched code does not compile, you will receive an automatic zero. Naming We will be using an automatic grading script, so it is crucial that you name your functions and order their arguments according to the problem set instructions, and that you place the functions in the correct files. Incorrectly named functions are treated as compile errors and you will have to submit a patch. Code Style Finally, please pay attention to style. Refer to the CS 3110 style guide and lecture notes. Ugly code that is functionally correct may still lose points. Take the extra time to think out the problems and find the most elegant solutions before coding them up. Good programming style is important for all assignments throughout the semester. Late Assignments Please carefully review the course website’s policy on late assignments, as all assignments handed in after the deadline will be considered late. Verify on CMS that you have submitted the correct version, before the deadline. Submitting the incorrect version before the...
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...Aqualisa should position Quartz as a premium shower at current retail price, targeting consumers who value styling, multiple setting options, and ease of use (Exhibit 1). Aqualisa’s current portfolio does not offer a premium mixer or power option (Exhibit 2). Quartz could fill this gap and obtain market share from competitors (Exhibit 3) by offering a unique hands-on customer experience. Aqualisa has proven that a working display of Quartz in the showroom is extremely effective. However, it is only available in 25% of showrooms across the UK. To convince more showrooms to carry the brand, Aqualisa should offer trade incentives on MSP for 6 month to demonstrate the selling power of Quartz. This strategy will allow Aqualisa to differentiate Quartz from competitors like Hangsgrohe, while maintaining market share in other channels, resulting in minimal cannibalization (Exhibit 4). Already recognized as a premium brand, Aqualisa can leverage its innovative technology and tailored campaigns to build brand awareness (Exhibit 5) and quickly become the top player in the premium space. A number of other options are also presented: targeting consumers, DIY or developers. Marketing to consumers alone may be ineffective, as they rely heavily on plumbers to select a product. This approach is also expensive, requiring mass media advertisements in an industry where brand awareness is low. While Triton was successful in building awareness, their sales are mainly in cheap electric segment (Exhibit...
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...CHICKEN IPO VALUATION AND NEGOTIATION FIN 433 WINTER 2016 PROFESSOR GREGG JARRELL Introduction Chicken is a private consulting firm that collects, stores, and analyzes “big data” for large corporations and governments. Chicken was founded in 2008 and had 2014 Sales of $516,302 and EBIT of $206,521. Chicken is planning to become a public firm via an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in which it will sell 100,000 newly-issued common shares to the US investing public at a pre-specified IPO price, and after the IPO it will be traded publicly on the NASDAQ Exchange at a post-IPO market price. Chicken currently has 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding (F shares) that are worth $20 per share before the IPO, all of which are owned by the Founding Shareholders (Founders). Simultaneously with the IPO, Chicken management will purchase 100,000 newly-issued common shares for a pre-specified Exercise Price. All shares of common stock have the same rights to dividends, liquidation, and votes on a per-share basis. All teams must first prepare Reports that perform a DCF valuation of Chicken and explain in detail your team’s strategy for the Negotiation Phase. Reports are due Wednesday, February 3, at 3:00 PM. The Negotiation Phase begins Wednesday, February 3 at 4:30 PM and ends Saturday, February 6 at 10:00 PM. Team Roles and Goals There are 4 team roles in this case. F Teams will represent the Founders who own the F shares. B Teams (Bank) will represent the...
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...Stellar Auto JIT Case Writeup Operations Management Course Answer 1: Manufacturing System for ISD – To Assemble cockpit Sub-Assembly Following is the distribution of activities across three workstations that we are proposing to be laid out at ISD. This distribution is designed in order to maintain consistence Takt time of 8 min at both ISD and SAL. This will ensure that the output rate at ISD matches with consumption rate at SAL FAA line. Workstation 1 finishes its task after step 9, and workstation 2 finishes its task after step 23. At both these steps 9 & 23, description says that ‘rotate the sub assembly such that the front end is facing the operator’ which validates that WIP sub assembly can be handed over to succeeding work station. Refer to Exhibit 1 in the annexures. As per this design the cycle time of process is 8 minutes, because station 1 has a maximum of 8 minutes takt time and that becomes the bottleneck station. Flow Diagram Trolley Capacity Calculations: The model variant information is provided by SAL after the body comes out of the paint shop.Cockpit sub-assembly for a particular model variant need to be made available when that Body reaches at station 9, allowing 64mins of time margin. (8 stations*8min takt time) for ISD to assemble and deliver cockpit sub-assembly for that model. As per the data provided in the case 1. Total activity time at ISD each sub-assembly will take 23.85 minutes to finish the operations (calculated from Exhibit...
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...Anna Frolova, Danya Setiawan, Edbert Mulia WebTV Case Canvas Deliverable: What are the three most important terms that WebTV should request, in order of priority? 1. Money: Perlman is in desperate need of money (Page 9 “Running on Fumes”). The company has 2 ways that they can get money, either from a partnership with a CE (and they will get an automatic 1.5 million from their initial investor, Miles Davis) or they can continue partner up with a VC such as Brentwood in exchange of ownership. 2. Partnership: Perlman is pressured to partner with a CE from his initial investor and from the dwindling bank account. WebTV can’t really make any profit until they have this kind of partnership, unless they decide to go an entirely new route and try to go at it alone, which is very risky because of their current financial condition and the market itself. Another partnership they are considering on doing is with a VC called Brentwood, but it was not mentioned how much of the company’s stake the VC wants with a $30-$40 million valuation range. 3. Control of Company: This is a very important term for WebTV in the company's point of view. WebTV is introducing a new product to the market where they have received positive feedback from surveys (page 4), they would want to keep as much control as they can to keep the prestige of being the first ones to have this product as well as hold the decision making power regarding their product. However, they...
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