...Chapter 2 Generating ideas through prewriting * Prewriting – is the first stage in the writing process, during which you discover what you think you know about a topic and then generate details and examples that will express and illustrate your understanding. * Ask and answer discovery questions – 1. What do I already know about this subject? 2. Why would someone else want to know about this subject? 3. What kinds of details and examples make it easier for me to understand this subject? 4. What’s the most interesting aspect of this subject? * Free writing - is a no-holds-barred prewriting technique that involves writing down all your ideas on a subject for a set period of time-typically ten minutes. 1. Write everything that comes to mind. 2. If you feel blocked write something like “I can’t think” or “I’m stuck here” 3. Highlight, underline, or circle your best ideas. * Brainstorming- Is a far less expansive technique than free writing. 1. Concentrate on a subject 2. Make a list of every idea directly connected to that subject. 3. A set time limit isn’t necessary. 4. You can also brainstorm using your computer, darken the screen so you cannot see what you write. 5. Print the list, highlight, underline or circle ideas you think have potential writing topics. * Clustering –is a visual prewriting technique that shows connections among the ideas you develop. 1. Write a general idea in the middle...
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...ACADEMIC READING & WRITING CHAPTER 1 PRE-WRITING PREPARED BY: ZARINAH ABU BAKAR NAME OF SCHOOL FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND GENERAL STUDIES CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING LEARNING OUTCOMES TOPIC At the end of this chapter, students will be able to: Use a variety of pre-writing activities to generate ideas, focus a topic, and formulate a method of developing an essay select and narrow an essay topic Slide 2 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING TOPIC OUTLINES TOPIC Introduction 1.1 Pre-writing 1.1.1 Steps in process writing 1.1.2 Analysing the topic/question- directive words 1.1.3 Selecting and narrowing an essay topic 1.2 Pre-writing strategies 1.2.1 Brainstorming methods 1.3 Reading and note taking strategies 1.3.1 Note taking skills Slide 3 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING INTRODUCTION TOPIC Slide 4 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.1 STEPS IN PROCESS WRITING The Writing Process TOPIC Slide 5 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.2 CHOOSING A QUESTION TOPIC If you have a choice of essay questions consider the following factors when deciding which essay to do: which topics interest you most? which topics have good resource materials available? which topics are most relevant to you personally or professionally? which topics might be easiest for you to write about? Slide 6 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.2 Analysing the topic/question- directive words TOPIC Slide 7 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.2 Analysing...
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...1 Overview of How to Write an Essay Writing essays is a major element of your education at the university level. Effective writing gives you the ability to express your ideas, theories, arguments, and projects clearly. The skills you acquire at the university level through writing essays will be aimed at practical business applications that you will be able to use in the workplace. The following information provides a succinct overview of the elements you need to know to begin writing an essay. It will help you on your writing journey. Types of Essays Narrative A narrative essay is a story told by a narrator. Generally, a narrative discusses the personal experience of the author (the first person point of view), but it can also be written about things that happen to others (third person point of view). A narrative typically involves characters, a setting, specific and vivid details, and a series of events that can include current incidents, flashbacks, or dialogue. Cause and Effect A cause and effect essay explores why events, actions, or conditions occur (cause) and examines the results of those events, actions, or conditions (effect). For example, a cause could be purchasing a new expensive home. The effect might be fewer family vacations, more time spent on upkeep, or less time with family because of extra work hours to pay for the home. Comparison and Contrast A comparison and contrast essay shows the relationship between two or more elements. The items can be compared...
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...Material all Weeks DQS and All Assignments COM 156 Wk 1 All Discussion Questions Review the information provided on pp. 51–53. Explain the initial steps of writing an essay. Identify how your audience, purpose, and content will influence your approach The purpose of an essay, as explained on p. 47, will affect all aspects of the paper. In this class, the final paper will be a persuasive essay. Throughout the class, you will complete assignments that directly or indirectly help you complete the final paper. Identify the main purpose of a persuasive essay and the elements necessary for it to be effective. Review the video titled Writing Process. Read the Short Form Axia Writing Style Handbook. What are the two most helpful suggestions in each? If you were to propose one additional suggestion to include in each what would it be? Explain the time management strategies you will use when writing a successful academic paper. What techniques discussed in your US/101 course may help you manage your time when writing a paper? The ultimate success or failure of a paper may often be traced back to the planning stages. What might you do to provide yourself with the best opportunity to succeed when writing your college papers? COM 156 Wk 2 All Discussion Questions Read pp. 290–291 in Ch. 18. Those pages provide an overview of writing that persuades. Ch. 4 provides ideas for choosing a topic. Based on those ideas...
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...homeworkbasket.com/COM-135/COM-135-Complete-Course-Tutorials COM 135 Complete Course COM 135 Week 1 CheckPoint Importance Of Technical Writing COM 135 Week 1 Individual Assignment The Technical Writing Process COM 135 Week 2 CheckPoint Audience Analysis COM 135 Week 2 DQ 1 COM 135 Week 2 DQ 2 COM 135 Week 3 CheckPoint Communication Techniques COM 135 Week 3 CheckPoint Letter Writing Techniques COM 135 Week 3 Individual Assignment Written Communication In The Corporate Environment COM 135 Week 4 CheckPoint Article Summary COM 135 Week 4 DQ 1 And DQ 2 COM 135 Week 5 CheckPoint User Manual Criteria COM 135 Week 5 Individual Assignment Clear And Concise Technical Instructions COM 135 Week 6 CheckPoint Reports COM 135 Week 6 DQ 1 And DQ 2 COM 135 Week 7 CheckPoint RFP Analysis COM 135 Week 7 CheckPoint Rough Draft Of Final Project COM 135 Week 7 Individual Assignment Proposals COM 135 Week 8 CheckPoint Image Integration COM 135 Week 8 DQ 1 And DQ 2 COM 135 Week 9 Capstone Checkpoint COM 135 Week 9 Final Project User Manual For More Homework Goto http://www.homeworkbasket.com COM 135 Week 1 Individual Assignment The Technical Writing Process Click Below URL to Purchase Homework http://www.homeworkbasket.com/COM-135/COM-135-Week-1-Individual-Assignment-The-Technical-Writing-Process Resources: Pages 25-38 in Technical Writing: Process and Product (5th ed.) Read the following scenario: As a customer service manager for a local software development company,...
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...Guide to Writing a Basic Essay An essay can have many purposes, but the basic structure is the same no matter what. You may be writing an essay to argue for a particular point of view or to explain the steps necessary to complete a task. Either way, your essay will have the same basic format. If you follow a few simple steps, you will find that the essay almost writes itself. You will be responsible only for supplying ideas, which are the important part of the essay anyway. Don't let the thought of putting pen to paper daunt you. Get started! These simple steps will guide you through the essay writing process: • • • • Decide on your topic. Prepare an outline or diagram of your ideas. Write your thesis statement. Write the body. • • • • • • Write the main points. Write the subpoints. Elaborate on the subpoints. Write the introduction. Write the conclusion. Add the finishing touches. Choose a Topic for Your Essay Topic Has Been Assigned You may have no choice as to your topic. If this is the case, you still may not be ready to jump to the next step. Think about the type of paper you are expected to produce. Should it be a general overview, or a specific analysis of the topic? If it should be an overview, then you are probably ready to move to the next step. If it should be a specific analysis, make sure your topic is fairly specific. If it is too general, you must choose a narrower subtopic to discuss. For example, the topic "KENYA" is a general one. If your objective is...
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...familiar with. Imagine that you work for the HR department of the company. You are tasked to develop a message to orient new hires to the company culture, process, procedures, and general information. Compose a message for new hires using the three-step process outlined in Ch. 5 of Business Communication. Step 1: Prewriting Review the AIM planning process in Ch. 5 of Business Communication including the “Chapter Takeaway for Creating Effective Messages.” Analyze the situation described above by answering each of the following questions with 1 to 2 paragraphs: 1. Review the assignment directions above. What is the purpose of the message the HR employee is tasked to write? The purpose is to orientate the new hire. They need to become familiar with the companies policy, rules, goals and code of conduct. This message is constructed to inform new hires of the company’s culture and give them insight on what kind of vibe the company runs on. For example is the vibe low key, fun and laid back like I imagine working for google is like or is it more professional like I would imagine working in a bank is like. The general information section would be points of contact, work hours, attire, etc.. 2. Who is the audience? What are characteristics shared by the audience that the HR employee should consider when writing the message? What do they already know? Knowing your audience is key. With my profession new hires “rookies” are thrown a ton of information...
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...Step 1: Prewriting The first step in the writing process is prewriting, an informal way of writing down initial thoughts about your writing subject. There are many different types of prewriting techniques, including the following: • Freewriting: You know you have to write a paper, but when you sit down to prewrite, nothing comes to mind. The best advice is to just start freewriting. Ask yourself the 5ws and 1h: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Write about anything you think of for a period of time (about 10 minutes) or to a certain length—perhaps one entire page—to spark the thought process. Connect a word to a previous word or to another word it suggests or take off on a tangent that comes to mind. Keep at it—without stopping to reread, edit, or judge—even if you have to write the same word repeatedly. • Brainstorming: Similar to freewriting, brainstorming is more compressed and focused. This technique also involves writing without stopping. The goal is to generate ideas about your assignment’s subject without any thought to organization. The tricky part is not stopping to correct the paper or to take a break. Just keep writing for the time allotted or until the page is full. • Listing: This technique involves making a list of your ideas, which are usually short notes on your thoughts and may appear similar to an informal outline. • Clustering or Mind-Mapping: This technique displays the relationship between ideas through drawing. Begin with...
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...Business Communications (X 109) Module 2 The Writing Process Creating Business Messages Organizing and Perfecting Business Messages Basics of business writing • Business messages are different from college essays, term papers, and messages to friends. • Conciseness and clarity count. The Writing Process • Planning and prewriting • Composing • Revising and editing Effective Business Messages • Have a purpose – General – Specific • Are clear and concise • Consider the needs of the audience Outlining • Define the main idea • State the three to five major points • Support with evidence Audience Analysis • • • • • • Primary audience Secondary audience Reaction of audience Knowledge level of audience Relationship to audience Expectations of audience Factors To Consider • • • • • • • Importance of the message Richness of the channel Formality of message Urgency and cost Need for a permanent record Immediacy of feedback required Organizational and audience preferences Approach: Direct or Indirect? • Direct – – – – Main idea first, followed by evidence Routine messages Positive messages Some negative messages • Indirect – Evidence first, build case towards main idea – Most negative messages Connect With Your Audience 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Adopt a “you” attitude Be sincere, respectful, polite Stress audience benefits Emphasize the positive Use plain, simple language Use bias-free language Use Plain, Simple Language • Use short, familiar...
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...1. What are your strengths and weaknesses as a writer? What part(s) of the writing process do you find easy? What part(s) do you find difficult? As a writer I struggle in finding a plot and sticking with it. I might think of something, but then I doubt myself and think that it's too cliche,boring, simple. so then I lose confidence and give up. And this frustrates me, because I know I should just keep going and see how it turns out.... but I don't. It depends what I'm writing. Or I'll realise that I've been writing in the wrong tense. Basically that's the story of my writing. As a writer following are my strength and weakness: Strengths – 1) Short and precise 2) Creativity with character 3) Convincing and simple Weaknesses – 1) Grammatical errors 2) Vocabulary and spelling mistakes 3) Repetition of sentences in different manner In writing I enjoy descriptions of things, and building up characters. Although sometimes my characters end up being too similar. part I find difficult in writing is flow and continuation of the thoughts even I have idea and clear concept but not able to make a sentences. For example : problem face in examination I have a clear idea and understanding of concept but not able to write in sentences. 2. What are your strengths and weaknesses as a speaker? What part(s) of creating and giving presentations do you find easy? What part(s) do you find difficult? Strength I am...
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... |College of Humanities | | |COM/156 Version 7 | | |University Composition and Communication II | Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2010, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course builds upon the foundations established in COM/155. It addresses the various rhetorical modes necessary for effective college essays: narration, illustration, description, process analysis, classification, definition, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, and argumentation. In addition, requirements for research essays, including the use of outside sources and appropriate formatting, are considered. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend...
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...Redesign of ENG-112 course Notes Theories Don’t fix your writing. Fix your writing process. • Avatar exercise o We learn about focusing on audience by inventing various audience profiles – avatars – early in the semester. o Developed through a small group exercise. Goal is to have 4-5 profiles. o All are smart and serious. o Otherwise they differ: on level of experience, background, familiarity with a given subject, profession, age and other demographics. o Students choose an avatar that they will specifically address in every piece of writing. • No theme o Students pick topics for papers o Provide list of suggested topics o Encourage them to have a few topics in mind from the beginning of the semester. o I reserve the right to rule out certain topics for reasons that may seem unfair. i.e. No papers on steroids. o Have one topic reserved for class examples, consistently throughout. o Topics must be serious and of national or global importance. o Must appeal to most or all of our avatars. • Workshops o Every class is a workshop, and I am involved and lead them. More guidance and comment from me on their actual writing. o The purpose of the workshop is to push them to develop their ideas. o Ask Ilene in general how her workshops work. o Learn to work the projector. o Students submit a work for the whole class in advance by email attachment...
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...The Writing Process Whether you know it or not, there’s a process to writing – which many writers follow naturally. If you’re just getting started as a writer, though, or if you always find it a struggle to produce an essay, short story or blog, following the writing process will help. I’m going to explain what each stage of the writing process involves, and I’ll offer some tips for each section that will help out if you’re still feeling stuck! 1. Prewriting Have you ever sat staring at a blank piece of paper or a blank document on your computer screen? You might have skipped the vital first stage of the writing process: prewriting. This covers everything you do before starting your rough draft. As a minimum, prewriting means coming up with an idea! Ideas and Inspiration Ideas are all around you. If you want to write but you don’t have any ideas, try: * Using a writing prompt to get you started. * Writing about incidents from your daily life, or childhood. * Keeping a notebook of ideas – jotting down those thoughts that occur throughout the day. * Creating a vivid character, and then writing about him/her. See also How to Generate Hundreds of Writing Ideas. Tip: Once you have an idea, you need to expand on it. Don’t make the mistake of jumping straight into your writing – you’ll end up with a badly structured piece. Building on Your Idea These are a couple of popular methods you can use to add flesh to the bones of your idea: * Free writing: Open...
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...1130 January 2016 A Writing Experience Writing has never been my forte. At best, I survived the earlier years of my school life with average remarks from English teachers who assessed me. However, due to a lack of confidence in my own writing, English classes became incredibly difficult in my final years of high-school. Attempting to obtain better grades, I recall trying to absorb the almost formulaic method of writing my grade 11 and 12 teachers taught, and applied it. Nevertheless, I understood that this method was clearly not improving anything when I received my mark for the English 12 provincial. Being ill prepared for post-secondary writing is not a situation unique to myself. Rather, it is a common phenomenon for student writers of my generation. As mentioned, many student writers of my generation suffer from the same lack of proper writing education as I did when stepping into the world of post-secondary. In fact, recent studies suggest that the writing process being primed into student writers like myself during high-school is too linear, and fails to prepare them for the level of writing post-secondary schools demand for. This is because student writers are being educated to “separate the writing process into discrete stages” (Sommers 135). Moreover, due to the linear nature of current models of the writing process taught in schools, students tend to write in ways that resemble speech and as a result, neglect an important stage in writing: revision. This is...
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...40 COURSE TIMETABLES 09/March * WRITING A REPORT CHAPTER 15-16, 12 March *morning chap 17 oral presentation *afternoon team work chap 14 16 March *morning chap 10 11 12 write messages important for final exam 19 March *afternoon bring to teacher final report. team work writing report finished 20 March *oral presentation. Receive assessment form to evaluate performance. CHAPTER 13: COMMUNICATION ACROSS CULTURES Report writing requirement: Suppose you are persons familiar I was in position I leave my ideas for sby to start. Hr teacher customer different aims. Useful for them? To be in the shoes of the HR ? of the customer? In the shoes of The new staff will work for us. Learn, listen, flexible, open minded. Be sensitive. Forget about your stereotypes. Try to diagnostic to know why u fail why u success. Show your kindness to business people ( kids ). Grand pa have to work for the kids. Have closer relationship before talking about. Never focus on stereotypes. Dinner table, private situation. Chinese eats around table. Circle Meeting is public situation. Try to understand what the person likes? What does the Chinese like? Culture has layers. With a new business with Mexican guy? Find articles, news about Mexican, find information to set up relationship. It s not enough. Learn about the country. See powerpoint: Swedish equality is important. ------------------------------------------------- RELATHIONSHIP 2 To write report from your experience...
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