...com) Writing a Bibliography For any research paper, writing a bibliography is essential, to prevent any accusations of plagiarism [1], and to give fair credit to the work of previous authors in the field. Writing a reference-list also allow the reader, or the person marking the paper, to check the original sources if they require more detail. Your bibliography, often called a citation list, always comes at the end of the paper, and it must include all of the direct sources that you referred to in the body of the paper. For the vast majority of scientific papers, APA [2] or MLA [3] style references are used, alphabetically ordered by the surname of the author. For any sources with no author, use the name of the organization or website or, if there is no other choice, use the title of the work. As with in text citations [4], it is important to stick to one style and avoid confusing the reader. All entries in the bibliography should be in alphabetical order, and they should use a hanging indent. If you use more than one source from the same author, you should order them by date and then by the first letter of the title, if the year of publication is the same. Writing a Biography - Some Examples of APA and MLA Format It is impossible to list all of the permutations for the various types of sources used here. As for APA [5] and MLA [6] citations, here's how to write a bibliography: Book With One Author APA: Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to Authority. New York:...
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...Katrina Bryant ENG/301 American literature is any written work of art that is created in the United States. American literature is like all literature, it has literary experiences and contextual history of America. It depicts how America has changed is still changing today. American literature has changed over time just like most canons of literary works. The uniqueness of American literature is that America from its beginning had a special philosophy of life and freedom. The special philosophy of life and freedom that made American literature so unique was reflected in its writings. Americans believed and had faith that God was and is the given of all our rights and freedom. We as Americans had faith in ourselves that we could succeed in anything that we try doing. The literature that we Americans wrote made life worth living because it was displayed for the world to read and understand that life was what we made it. Also by Americans having the ability to spring back from diversity made life worth living and George Washington was a perfect example of this. Literary canon is basically a suggested list of readings that belongs to a country or a certain period in time. Literary canon contains literary works that is mainly by authors who are accepted as an authority in their field and their writings constituting a serious body of literature in any given language. The works that are collected that is included in a literary canon is approved largely by cultural and...
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...Borton World Literature II October 6, 2015 Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a prominent writer in the eighteenth century and influenced different revolutions in his work such as the revolutionary sentiments in France and American colonies. Rousseau helped start the Romantic Movement and is responsible for creating the new genre in literature known as an autobiography. This came from the one of the stories he wrote called Confession, which he goes in to detail about what he has been through in life. He was writer during the Enlightenment period and he drew influences from Immanuel Kant. A lot of beliefs of the enlightened way of thinking show in Rousseau‘s writing called The Social Contract. Being “Enlightened” is ones freedom to think for them and not be trapped in social status that societies may put on people. Rousseau put together the social contract to persuade people to break the political rule of authority and give power to the people and not one person. The Social Contract was written in 1762 containing four different books explaining the possibilities of how people can achieve equality and power with the help contract. Rousseau's intended audience were the people who were under the political rule of authority. I feel that the way he explains his contract is effective especially because each book is something different that would erase the political rule of authority and bring equality among the citizen. Book one opens up with the phrase...
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...The Good the Bad and the Ugly of Charles Bukowski For the multitude of works yielded and published and his reputation as the underground mystic of contemporary culture, one would expect his works to have attracted greater scholarly attention and an inclusion within the canon a certainty. However, most likely to the delight of the maverick poet, this was not the case. Bukowski’s work was deeply individualistic and sought not to pander to any crowds, conventional or non conformist. Akin to Sigmund Freud’s description of the artist, the writing was the channel for a clamorous and arguably perverse soul. While the form of his writing subverted literary trends, Bukowski, as Harrison puts it, “is the only major post-War American writer who has denied the efficacy of the American Dream”. His disillusionment with such ideals of consumerism and family is largely attributable to a nightmarish upbringing in LA, a feature which implicitly resonates through all his work. Ham on Rye, dampens the extremities Bukowski suffered through his sardonic sense of humour, though is still very much characterized by derision for others, isolation, the wrath of the father, the toils of school and work, a horrifying case of acne vulgaris and the birth of his chronic alcoholism. The one light which bypassed such burdens was his discovery of the LA public library which sculpted his literary voice. He shunned traditional literary lore for darker more cynical texts wrought in emotion rather than pretence...
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...the Other Jasmine Bradley Marinus Iwuchukwu ENG/215 08/31/2014 Logos, ethos, and pathos are all important factors to include when writing a paper. They ensure that your paper is well rounded. Alex Keyssar, a professor of History and Social Policy at Harvard University, incorporates all of these in his writing style. “Reminders of Poverty, Soon Forgotten” is an article written by Keyssar that focuses on poverty in America since the late 19th century to today. The main issue with poverty Keyssar points out is how our Nation has had countless reminders of the millions of people that live in bad conditions, yet nothing has been done to help them because they are forgotten quickly (pretty much self-explanatory after reading the title). This essay will be going over what he uses as logos, pathos, and ethos; and how they support each other. Ethos Ethos has been defined as authority. An author can establish ethos via tone or research. When looking for ethos in a piece of writing, look for what gives the author the authority to give you this information. Establish the author’s credibility. In his article, Keyssar establishes credibility through his experience and research. Being a professor in History and Social Policy means he is well studied in those areas, both of which are applied in the article. Keyssar is able to see patterns in social history and compare them to the happenings of today. In paragraph 11, he outlines several depressions, or “downturns”, that happened in the...
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...the Blood, provides a work of social history that highlights these similarities and differences between this approach and microhistory. The author believes that by analyzing a specific moment in history, through social history methodologies, it provides a momentary articulation of social values. While further demonstrates greater tensions of power dynamics. Sabean’s social history revolves around religious events in 1648 curated by Hans Keil of Württemberg Germany. The author believes that by analyzing Keil’s theological vision of an angel - who threatens collective punishment on the community- allows insight to the symbolism of hierarchy, class conflict, and domination of the Württemberg judicial system and power structure. Moreover, in fitting into the metanarrative, this case is argued to demonstrate the ideas of...
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...Obedience, Authority and Moral Conflict Thomas E. Colley ENGL 213, P11: Writing in the Social and Natural Sciences Dr. Joan O’Leary January 28, 2010 Obedience, Authority and Moral Conflict In the 1963 report, “The Perils of Obedience,” psychologist Stanley Milgram detailed the results of experiments on the obedient response of individuals to the commands of an authority figure while experiencing moral conflict. Milgram conducted his experiments with diverse subjects in many countries. The trials consisted of three participants: the learner, the teacher and the experimenter. Witnessed by the teacher, the experimenter strapped the learner to an apparatus that appeared to be “a miniature electric chair.” The teacher tested the learner on his ability to remember the second word of a pair when prompted by reading the first word. Seated in front of an instrument panel in a separate room, the teacher administered an electric shock of increasing intensity to the learner for any memory errors. Milgram provided a detailed description that left little doubt that the shock and intensity administered was the result of the teacher’s manipulation of this device. Unbeknownst to the teacher, the learner was part of the trial and responded to the shocks in an increasingly agonizing display. Milgram’s findings, which directly contradicted his predictions, demonstrated full compliance in 60-85% of the participants. Obedience in the face of moral conflict was directly...
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...the impact of the subjective experience of power on leadership dynamics and team performance and find that the psychological effect of power on formal leaders spills over to affect team performance. We argue that a formal leader’s experience of heightened power produces verbal dominance, which reduces team communication and consequently diminishes performance. Importantly, because these dynamics rely on the acquiescence of other team members to the leader’s dominant behavior, the effects only emerge when the leader holds a formal leadership position. Three studies offer consistent support for this argument. The implications for theory and practice are discussed. Organizations make extensive use of teams when structuring and allocating work projects. Given the increasing prevalence of teams in modern organizations and the complexities involved in group dynamics, questions about how to ensure high levels of collective learning and effective decision making, along with other key determinants of team performance, have captured extensive attention from researchers and practitioners alike (Martin & Bal, 2006). One important area of inquiry into team effectiveness is the issue of how the degree of hierarchy within a team can affect team performance. This question is relatively understudied, but some extant literature suggests that steeper hierarchy has a diminishing effect on team learning and team performance in general. For example, in a qualitative field study, Edmondson (2003)...
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...management in the world; one of the parts is called classical theory. Basically, this theory is emphasis on purpose, formal structure, hierarchy of management, technical requirements, and common principles of organization. It’s also emphasis placed on planning of work, technical requirements of organizations, systematic methods of management, and assumption of rational and logical behavior. Meanwhile propose that associated with division of work tasks, clearly defined duties, control and co-ordination of work, hierarchy, formal rules. There are two major classical sub-groups: i. Scientific Management (F.W. Taylor, 1911) Scientific management also called Taylorism. In the beginning of The Principles of Scientific Management (F.W. Taylor by 1911), Taylor thought that to prove the best way of management is a real scientific subject. This subject are based on clearly defined discipline, rules and principles, and further show that the fundamental principles of scientific management applied to human behavior - from the easiest personal behavior to the business’ operations of companies. He also believe this subjects can be used in anywhere in the society. Scientific management theory has 4 basic principles: 1. Divide work into specialized tasks to find ‘one best...
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...and Creativity Skills in Problem Solving | * 3 years every semestral break | * Seminar Workshop/Training Fund | *Arts Skills not developed*Conflict time with teaching period* Insufficient funding | *Ask permission/authority to the Department you are in the service*Give set/time for trainings/seminars*Grab the opportunity when there are free or not free seminars/trainings/workshop offered by the Department. | Ecoliteracy | *Good | *Attend seminars and participate in every in every activities promoting ecological literacy to develop awareness of the environment. | *3 every semestral break | * Seminars/Activities/Programs conducted by Environmental agencies/funds. | *Conflict time | * Ask permission/authority to the Department you are in the service*Give/Set time for training seminars. | Cyberliteracy(Computer and ICT) | *Good | *Attend computer related seminar-workshops to acquire develop skills in the use of computers, internet & other information technologies. * Enroll a computed related course (e.g. online course) * Integrate/use ICT in every subjects most often as a tool of learning process. | * 3 every semestral break | *Seminars/Programs/Activities required by the DepEd*Online Tutorial/ Classes Funds. | * Conflict time | * Ask permission/authority to the Department you are in the service.*Give/ set time for training seminars.*Grab the opportunity when there are seminars offered.*Give/ set time for training seminars. | Financial Literacy | *Good | *Engage in...
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...to Christine’s literary success. By examining her familial and courtly relationships as well as the influences of other literary forces, I will correlate the events of Christine’s life with the atmosphere that inspired her to pursue writing. Christine de Pisan was born Italian; however at the age of five, her family relocated to France. Christine's father, Thomas de Pisan, was appointed astrologer and secretary to King Charles V (Delamarre 1908). As a result, her youth was spent in the French court where she placed her civil loyalties with France. Growing up in the French courts, Christine was educated in the classics. In her mid-teens she married French Nobleman Etienne du Castel. They had three children together and her husband died after they had been married for ten years. At the time of her husband's death, Christine was only twenty-five. During this time period social class and gender dictated much of everyday life. While Christine is known for her contributions to feminism, she was very accepting of the social hierarchy in place during her time. In fact, she defended this social hierarchy. Arguably, Christine believed, as many other of her time, that "social order was divinely ordained" (Nowacka 2002). This was a time of social reform: the end of...
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...Unit 4 Exercise 1: 1. The basic format for a proposal includes the following steps: Introduction Problem Analysis; major causes, Evidence and Effects of the probem. Plan for solving the problem: Major steps, Support and Deliverables. Benefits of the Plan: Costs-benefits analysis Conclusion 2. Proposals are used in college, in the workplace and anywhere you want to pitch a proposal or new project idea including grant writing. 3. The steps for inventing your proposal’s content are defining the problem, analyzing the problem, researching, inquiring, and finding similar projects. 4. The three primary sources of information for proposal writing are online, print, and empirical sources. 5. The steps to planning to solve the problem are map out the plan, explore each major step, figure out costs and benefits, and finding similar projects. 6. Costs and benefits should be listed to prove to the readers that the benefits of their investment are worth the risks. 7. In choosing an appropriate style, the steps are creating an Authoritative Tone, use metaphors and similes, pay attention to Sentence Length, and minimize the jargon. 8. Three tips for designing the proposal are creating a look, create white space and use meaningful headings. 9. The four steps in revising and editing a proposal are looking for inconsistencies in content, getting rid of extra stuff, tweaking the design and proof reading. 10. Five major problems listed are students...
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...LECTURE 2 – POWELL THE WRITING PROCESS KINDS OF WRITING/DISCOURSE TYPES: THE BASIC PURPOSES OF WRITING ARE TO INFORM, TO PERSUADE, AND TO ENTERTAIN. Prose is ordinary written/spoken language without poetic structure. Prose that informs is called exposition/expository writing. Expository writing explains how things work, ideas, how to solve a problem, facts about everyday life, history, controversial issues. Expository writing is constructed LOGICALLY – organized around structures like cause and effect, true and false, less and more, positive and negative, general and specific, sequences or series of steps/procedures, chronology, etc. Ideas in exposition are moved along by connectives like therefore, however, but, in fact, and, for example. An example of expository writing is the information report – facts about a subject with descriptions, definitions and classifications, e.g. scientific reports or business reports with diagrams, technical language or jargon (words/expressions specific to a particular profession). Certain descriptive and narrative writing can also fall under the category of writing that informs. Descriptions of the details of experiences, people, places, situations, processes should be arranged into a meaningful pattern, and narration should give an account of related events/incidents as in a report and in a logical sequence. Prose that persuades is often called argumentative writing. The writer takes a stand, proving an opinion/argument...
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...Aborigines, Melanesians, Negritos, Papuans, Dravidians. * Mongoloid (yellowish skin) -sub races East Asian, North Asian and Native American. 2) What are the characteristics of capitalism and socialism? * (Capitalism)-Free-market capitalism, Corporate capitalism, Social-democratic or social market economy, State-lead capitalism: * (Socialism)- Market socialism, planned economy, Self-managed economies, State socialism or state-directed economies 3) What are the 4 characteristics of a Profession? * 1. professions provide a unique, definite, and essential social service * 2. there is an emphasis on intellectual skills, techniques * 3. there is a defined body of knowledge, skills beyond grasp of lay people * 4. practices are grounded in theory and research as well as tradition 4) What are the 5 causes of War? * Threats * Social Problems * Political * Moral * The absence of alternatives 5) New Information Technology changes people in 5 ways. * Computers are deskilling labor * Computers are making more abstract * Computers limit work place interactions * Computers increasing employers control of workers * Computers allow companies to relocate work 6) What are the 4 approaches to Peace? * Deterrence * High technology defense * Diplomacy * Resolving underlying conflict 7) List the 4 Alternative Families. * One –Parent Families * Cohabitation * Gay and Lesbians Couples * Singlehood...
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...com American literature is "the body of written works produced in the English language in the United States".(Britannic.com) However, there are many different types of American literature from classic American literature to modern American literature being writing all around the world based on the American experiences of the author. American Ethnic Literature The American ethnic literature is based on life and freedom with the United States. These pieces of literature reflect the different aspects and inspire many other countries. It has been seen that Americans can go through numerous setbacks and always spring back from the hardships. There are historical events that are written to express the events and how the country fought to have a life that was worth living. There is a great deal of pride that come with being an American and it is something a reader can get a small glimpse of when reading American literature. America is deep with cultural diversity that allows the country to cater to a different race, religion and ethnic background as a whole, this expressed within the American Literature. Literary Canon The literary canon is an automatic list of suggestions that belong to a certain period or country. The authors of these pieces are thought to be of high authority in their field of writing. Many major academic institutions widely accept the literary canon and highly regarded in the literary world. Literary canon works are popular because many colleges are using this...
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