...ESPN X Games: Commercialized Extreme Sports for the Masses SMGT 798 Allison Renard A Paper Presented to the faculty of Lasell College in Partial Fulfillment of the requirement of the Degree Master of Science in Management. ABSTRACT For years, extreme sports had little to nothing in common with each other except for high risk, and an appeal to women and men from the ages of 12 to 34. Entertainment Sports Programming Network (ESPN), realizing this age group was a prime viewing audience, brought together several extreme sports and created yet another commercialized sporting spectacle. Since 1995, this television network has produced the Summer X Games. After these summer productions proved to be successful television and live spectator events, ESPN expanded into the winter extreme sports. The Winter X Games have been produced since 1997. This paper, which commences with the rise of extreme sports, is an historical and sociological analysis of the creation and growth of the ESPN X Games. While these commercialized adventure and extreme sporting events have had some obvious growing pains, both the Summer and Winter X Games have grown into events, which annually attract thousands of spectators and viewers while offering fame and a few dollars to their participants. INTRODUCTION One need only take a quick glance at the daily news to discover that society in general is still in a state of constant change (Leonard, 1993). In the United States, this is especially true...
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...Red Bull: The Anti-Brand Brand The loyal customers of Red Bull drinks are very passionate about the brand. In my opinion the effect that Red Bull has on consumers, not only the drink formula, but also the advertisement, makes Red Bull to meet the customer expectations, and in return the company gains their loyalty. Overall, Red Bull is widely recognized as a leader in content marketing. The most important thing that the mainstream brands can learn from Red Bull, is the ability to create your own market as a company. The company targeted costumers, who would be excited of the new product. Mainly they focused on the youth population, the people who are always party, search for excitement and adrenalin etc. By sponsorship of extreme sport events, they introduce the company products` as extreme. But rather than sponsoring events, Red Bull also developed its own extreme sports, this was innovation in some way, since they were the first company that implemented this marketing strategy. BMX biking, kite boarding, extreme snowboarding, paragliding etc, all these sports are dangerous, adrenaline-fuelled and on the edge, and Red Bull become associated with those activities. To attract more the young population, they organized music events. Red Bull became a popular drink for the young generation to mix it with alcohol. The adults oppose to this way of consuming alcohol, and I know that in my own experience. The other thing that the competitors can learn for sure is the profile that Red...
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...FTC_booklet_282644.indd 1 12/12/07 2:17:02 pm FTC_booklet_282644.indd 2 12/12/07 2:17:59 pm Contents To the limit? Beyond the mountain Keep hope alive! page 4 page 6 page 8 These texts look at different kinds of challenges, from taking part in extreme sports to experiences that change the way people think. They also explore how facing a challenge can inspire people. Facing the challenge FTC_booklet_282644.indd 3 3 12/12/07 2:18:04 pm In this article, Louise Rogers tries to understand why young people are attracted to extreme sports. You can now go deep sea diving without oxygen and do parachute jumping from space. These activities are apparently some of the latest examples of extreme sports. They certainly sound extremely dangerous, and it’s tempting to call them extremely stupid too. You begin to wonder what people will do next: white water rafting without the raft? Skateboarding down Everest? What exactly are extreme sports anyway? According to sports expert Angie Naidoo, they are action sports usually done by someone on their own rather than in a team. ‘Extreme sports involve more than one of the following: speed, height, danger or spectacular stunts,’ explains Angie. ‘They are also often about challenging some aspect of the natural world, whether it’s defying gravity or scaling a very high mountain. They are not all as extreme as parachuting from space! And extreme sports are not just a recent trend either: skiing, skateboarding, in-line...
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...Mountain Dew target audience: Demographics: Teen males (18 years old epicenter) and current users (20-39 males) of all ethnicities. Low-to-middle class, some of which still live at home with their parents. Earn low-to-average income with partly-to-full high school education. Behavior: Play sports, very outdoorsy, watch TV (MTV, ESPN, sports broadcasts), read about show business and sports, shop at affordable retail stores, listen to current music, enjoy going out and drinking alcohol. Psychographics: want to embrace excitements, adventures and fun, very energized and enthusiastic. Dislike taking on too many responsibilities but care for their families; wish to be young forever, Advertising Criteria: • Visual magnetism/dynamics (V): Mountain Dew is attempting to expand its appeal to new users. This means Moffitt should capture attention of consumers who are not familiar with the brand and raise their awareness. In a very saturated market with many different alternatives (energy drinks, sodas, etc), an ad must have visual magnetism to attract the viewer, but on the other hand it cannot be too cluttered, noisy and difficult to understand. It has to be exciting, dynamic, and adventurous (similar to the brand itself). • Empathy/Appeal to emotions (E): Moffitt states that his communication strategy is to symbolize that drinking Mountain Dew is an exhilarating experience. If you want to convey the viewers that holding that drink in their hand is the gateway to a whole new...
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...There are many aspects of the sports world that could be considered controversial, and one of these are dangerous sports. Dangerous sports can be considered anything ranging from mixed martial arts, to base jumping, or bicycle motocross (BMX). These sports in themselves are considered to be controversial due to the potential risk of injury by the participants. For the purposes of this marketing plan, it would be wise to utilize only mixed martial arts. In the attempts to persuade my manager to allow the use of dangerous sports in this marketing campaign, the pros and cons of this plan need to be addressed. These pros can include that this plan could entice a younger demographic to express interest in the product this company would be offering....
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...made a unique booming in the youth sportswear market. The company's unflagging commitment to tracking the latest trends has put it in an excellent position to grab an even larger market share as it heads into the 21st century. On March 16, 1966 Vans Shoe store was established by Paul Van Doren. There is a wide variety of Vans that play a role in many action sports. Style really started to come in the 1960’s when skateboarding started to become big. Skaters needed a type of shoe that was durable and affordable. Vans wanted to make shoes that were manufactured directly to the public. Skateboarding was the main reason vans were invented. Skateboarding means a lot of different things too many people. To some people it was just a sport or game. To others skateboarding was there way of life. It was a quick and almost free get away from stress and everyone’s problems. There were different styles of skateboarding and each style used a different type of shoe. There was vert skateboarding which included a huge 12 foot half pipe were pro riders would do all kinds of new tricks that would continue to change the sport and evolve forever. This type of skateboarding usually needed some type of ankle support. Another type of skateboarding was called “park”. This included a huge concrete or wooden park in which skaters from all ages would learn to ride different types of jumps, lips, stair cases and other obstacles. Most riders didn’t need too much ankle support but just needed a shoe that...
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...Chapter 1 Practice Test 1) What justification can you give to rewrite 5x+6=7x-3 into 6=2x-3? 2) Solve = −5 for x. 3) 6x+9 > 15 and 8-2x > 4 4) Write an equation that would help answer the question. Be careful to define any variables used. AMC Bowling offers shoes for $5.60 and charges $2.40 per game bowled. Rip Van Winkle Bowling only charges $1.80 per game but $7.50 for shoes. How many games would you have to play for the bill to be the same no matter which alley you went too? 5) AMC Bowling offers shoes for $5.60 and charges $2.40 per game bowled. Rip Van Winkle Bowling only charges $1.80 per game but $7.50 for shoes. How many games would you have to play for the bill to be the same no matter which alley you went too? (solve to the nearest hundredth, assuming you can pay for games in increments of a hundredth ) 6) Give an example of an equation that will end in an identity (all real numbers). 7) If -5.6x + 40 = y represents the height (y) in feet as function of time (x) of a balloon as it descends. What does the -5.6 in the equation mean in the context of the situation? 8) If -5.6x + 40 = y represents the height (y) in feet as function of time (x) of a balloon as it descends. What does the 40 in the equation mean in the context of the situation? 9) If -5.6x + 40 = y represents the height (y) in feet as function of time (x) of a balloon as it descends. What restriction do we have to place on the domain and why? 10) On Thursday in social studies you earned...
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...How is it that an innocent game would lead to a future of unwanted consequences? No one expects the worst until it finally happens to them. My little sister is very competitive when it comes to winning. Eager to have a slight taste of victory was all it took for her to get into “Game Mode” as I would like to call it. She’ll be too focused on winning and stealing the ball from me that she will do anything to win. It was early in the morning, there were birds chirping while a cool breeze was in the air. Dalia, my little sister, and I arrived outdoors to play a game of soccer. I dashed towards the goal with the soccer ball in front of me ecstatically thinking that I was on my way to making a goal. Unexpectedly, my sister catches up and steals the ball away from me. Surprised, I tried to steal it from her but failed as I heard the ball hit the net...
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...PCSX2 1.0.0 Frequently Asked Questions Section I: General questions about the project What is the aim of this project? The aim of this project is to emulate the PlayStation 2, allowing people to play their PS2 games on a pc. This requires having an original PlayStation 2 console (for the BIOS) and of course having the original games as well. Is the project open source? Yes, the project is open source, and it is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3. Can I help the project? Sure you can, please refer to this thread HERE. Is the release package complete? Can I play out of the box? No, the release package is not complete. You need to do at least 2 things before you can play: • • • First, you need to put in your own BIOS. Dump your PlayStation 2 BIOS from your own console. The BIOS dumper is HERE. Second, you need to configure the plugins in the emulator. You can use the official guide found HERE. (Optional) Third, you may need to update your DirectX in order for GSdx to work. GSdx is our suggested graphics plugin. Update DirectX with the web installer HERE. Section II: General questions about the emulator What are the requirements for using this emulator? Minimum • • • • Windows/Linux OS CPU that supports SSE2 (Pentium 4 and up, Athlon64 and up) GPU that supports Pixel Shaders 2.0 512MB RAM Recommended • • • • Windows Vista/7 (both 32bit and 64bit supported) CPU: Core 2 Duo, Core i3/5/7, Phenom II (all at 3.4Ghz+) GPU: 8800GT or...
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...Andrea Benjamin Principle Of Marketing 100 12/2/2012 Product Reassessment: Blockbuster Blockbuster Corporation has to reposition them-selves in order to sustain growth in slow market and to correct past mistakes which lead to the company’s bankruptcy (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2012, p.144). The repositioning of Blockbuster has to change consumer’s mindset of believing that it is a failing entertainment company and not being able to meet the needs of consumers. Blockbuster can be repositioned from a family focused bricks-and-mortar video retail business into targeting each distinct generation with a focus on their lifestyle and customizing services to fit their interest. The different types of generations include Gen Z, Gen Y, Gen X, Baby-boomers, and Greatest Generation. Generation Z known as the internet generation have grown up using communication technology such as internet, cell, phones, and digital cameras which is mostly funded by their parents who are also knowledgeable of similar (n.a., 2010). Born around 2001 and up, this group is the youngest in which our marketing will be focused on which will call for more market studies because of them being very young. Generation Y born between 1980-2000, are also known as the Millennials make up 27.8% of the U.S. population and are very fluent in digital technology (n.a., 2010). This generation is a great target market because they are 75 million strong, have additional disposable income due to support of their parents...
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...and going on adventures, for example he says in the story “If she wasn’t around, I’d be doing something interesting right now. I’d be climbing Mount Kilimanjaro. I’d be starring in the latest Hollywood blockbusters.” That really shows how he is felling about playing, with his boring wife. Not only does he hate his wife, but also he wants to kill her, because everything she does is annoying him. He says in the text after they have played Scrabble, for a little while “If only I had D, then I could play MURDER. That would be a sign” and “If they spell out KILL, or stab, or her name, or anything, I’ll do it right now. I’ll finish her off.” The anger inside him is so large, that he wants to kill his own wife over a game of Scrabble. At the same time he wants to win the game. He keeps keeping track of the score in the text, for example he says, “She plays IGNORE on the triple-word for 21 points. The score...
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...The Literacy of Soccer “Wake Up, America: Here's Why Soccer Is The World's Best Sport.” This is a title of an article about soccer’s influence, which explain the importance of knowing and playing soccer. As everyone knows, soccer is definitely unpopular in the United State. Compared to soccer, local Americans prefer to focus on football, baseball, and basketball. According to a set official data on a magazine about Americans’ favorite sports, the ranking of soccer is around seventy, which is fall behind dog sledding unexpectedly. Now, I have to stand out and announce the significant literacy of soccer because people could improve themselves by touching the philosophy of soccer. Many people regard soccer a kind of sport item and they ignore that the literacy of soccer had become a critical sponsorship when I was young. Actually, the literacy of soccer reflects not only physical training and violent aesthetics when I fight with my rivals, but also the deep value and perspective such as strategy, teamwork, and persistence, which is beneficial to my whole life experience. In order to achieve a goal and success especially over a long period of time, people must establish a series operative strategy which will be helpful to their destination. Just like plans and projects, it is necessary for human beings to make effective strategies because they could get more confidence to make decision in advance. It is why soccer teams need coaches to formulate different kinds of tactics to...
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...1) What are the branches and sub-branches of philosophy, and what kind of questions does each one deal with? Give examples. * Metaphysics * Ontology deals with questions about the nature of things * Teleology deals with questions about the purpose of things * Axiology * Ethics deals with questions about right and wrong * Aesthetics deals with questions about beauty * Epistemology * deals with questions concerning what we can know, and how we can know it 2) What do sport philosophers strive to do? What traits and skills are important for them to possess? * Define & clarify what sport is and what its purpose is. * Understand the value and meaning sport has for human beings * Systematically determine which actions are morally right or wrong within & in relation to sporting contests * Understand what we can know about sport & what sport can teach us. Traits * Awareness * Curiosity * Desire for Truth * Openmindedness * Fairness * Courage * Practicality * Sport Knowledge Skills * Organization * Communication * Observation * Reflection * Imagination * Critical Thinking * Analysis * Synthesis 3) How do philosophers develop and use definitions? What elements do strong definitions possess? * Distinguish between types of acts and recognize if it can be more than one * Elements- necessary...
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...Bullet, civil rights activist Malcolm X suggested that black nationalism should be the philosophy of all African American people. Malcolm X supported this suggestion by using examples of how they have been mistreated to convert them to that philosophy. Malcolm X’s purpose is to persuade the black population to unite, exercise their right to vote and take action if they are robbed their civil rights. Malcolm X uses a commanding tone with the African American people to make them feel angry about what has been done to them and to persuade them that fighting back is the solution. Malcolm X...
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...I wish Stern would string together games that have engaging gameplay, innovation, amusing quotes, and (dare I say it) clever and polished code. They can do it! They have had flashes of greatness and have made a handful of games that can stand side by side unashamed with the B/W greats. But unless LFS was involved in the game in a major way as of late, you can just about forget about the game being enjoyable. And maybe move forward of the 90s with the overall presentation of the pin. It used to be that I was very excited to see what new features the next pin would have. From the late eighties (when I started playing a good amount of pin) to the late nineties, most Williams and B/W games brought something new and fun to the table. The system 11 games were enjoyable for the most part - I played tons of PinBot and Cyclone, and we loved it when ES, Taxi and especially Whirlwind (with the great Millions Plus) came out. Nothing deep, but solid, fun games with nice use of sound, ramps, displays, flippers and rules. And a huge step forward from games in the 70s/early 80s like Wizard, CF, Flash, EBD, Fathom, Xenon, BH, etc. Then WPC games came out and B/W was on fire. Wizard modes, stacking, DMD animations, diamond plate to keep the playfield beautiful, the divine, responsive, fliptronics flippers, way improved audio (especially with DCS). Dummy heads that interacted with you, balls magically swept across the playfield on their own by ingenious use of underplayfield...
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