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Xerox Corporation

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Xerox Corporation (A)
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Xerox adalah perusahaan yang melayani pemrosesan dokumen secara global dan pasar jasa keuangan. Yang telah mengembangkan, memproduksi,dan memasarkan mesin fotocopi dan penduplikat, produk-produk faksimili, pemindai (Scanner), workstations, perangkat lunak komputer, pasokan, dan perangkat pendukung lainnya di lebih dari 130 negara. Dan adanya operasi-operasi jasa keuangan mereka yang mencakup asuransi, pendanaan peralatan, investasi, dan bank investasi.
Xerox merupakan salah satu kisah bisnis yang terkenal di dunia. Dari tahun 1946 sampai tahun 1973, pertumbuhan penjualan per tahun 25 persen, sedangkan pertumbuhan pendapatannya melebihi 35 persen. Adanya catatan yang mengagumkan ini dikarenakan peranan Xerox yang dominan di dataran bisnis fotokopi kertas. Pada tahun 1959 perusahaan memperkenalkan mesin fotokopi revolusioner 914. Generasi peralatan ini, sangat memotivasikan adanya ledakan bisnis usaha fotocopi dari 20 juta kopi hingga 1957 sampai dengan 9,5 miliar kopi pada tahun 1965. Pada tahun 1990 bisnis kopi dunia melebihi 900 miliar kopi.
Pada tahun 1970 dimulai adanya hak paten keaslian untukmesin fotocopi, yang ternyata mengundang masuknya para pesaing luar negeri. Pada dekade berikutnya, perusahaan Amerika (Ibm dan Kodak) dan perusahaan Jepang (Minolta, Canon, dan lainnya) telah masuk ke industri fotocopi besar dan kecil. Tampilan satu ini, memberikan adanya ulasan keuangan perusahaan Xerox untuk tiga dekade terakhir.
Selama periode pertumbuhan yang cepat ini, Xerox telah membangun jaringan bisnis dunianya. Joe Wilson merupakan pemimpin yang legendaris dan pencipta atau pendiri nama Xerox, serta yang telah memutuskan untuk meningkatkan adanya pertumbuhan yang secepat mungkin. Perusahaan tersebut mencari mitra luar negeri yang menawarkan pintu masuk yang cepat ke pasar luar negeri. Pada tahun 1956 Xerox melakukan perjanjian joint venture 50/50 dengan Rank Organization PLC, membentuk Rank Xerox Limited. Hal ini memberikan Xerox akses ke pasar Eropa, Afrika, dan Timur Tengah. Pada tahun 1962, Xerox telah menjalin dengan Fuji Photo Film Company di Jepang untuk membentuk Fuji Xerox dan memberikan Xerox akses ke Jepang dan Asia. Pada saat yang bersamaan, perjanjian terpisah juga dibuat dengan negara-negara Amerika Tengah dan Amerika Selatan.Struktur kepemilikan mereka sangat bervariasi antara negara dan mitra lokal tersebut.

ISSUES * Turunnya pendapatan Xerox antara tahun 1970 dan 1980 menjadi 45% dari yang sebelumnya 95%. * Dominasi perusahaan jepang pada segmen pasar rendah dan menengah untuk penjualan mesin fotokopi.
Rekomendasi
Untuk menaikan pendapatan Xerox, maka Xerox menerapkan rencana revitalisasi perusahaan yang dinamakan “ Leadership through Quality”. Dengan menerapkan strategi LTQ maka menjamin setiap kualitas yang dihasilkan oleh Xerox sesuai dengan prinsib dasar yaitu memenuhi permintaan konsumen.
Pertanyaan : 1. Outline the management control system at Xerox. What are the key elements that make the system work?
Jawab :
Xerox’s management control system pada struktur organisasi yang terkonsentrasi dan terfokus pada tanggung jawab dan kinerja 12 unit, yang terdiri dari 9 unit bisnis dan 3 divisi operasi konsumen yang mendukung mereka. Dengan 12 unit ini yang merupakan element kunci yang dapat membuat system control bekerja maksimal.
Sedangkan elemen kunci yang lain terkait dengan Management Sumber Daya Manusia seperti melakukan seleksi, pelatihan, evaluasi, promoasi dan pemecatan karyawan serta mengembangkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang diperlukan untuk melakukan strategi organisasi.

2. What recent trends at Xerox do you see influencing the management control process?

Jawab : Kepemimpinan melalui kualitas atau Leadership through Quality yang menjadi tren baru-baru ini yang mempengaruhi management control process. Strategy ini berfokus pada dua aspek seperti keterlibatan karyawan (Employee Involvement), proses penyelesaian masalah yang menggunakan wewenang setiap pihak sebagi alat untuk memahami sebab dan akibat dari masalah tersebut. dan Tolak ukur Kopetitif /Competitive Benchmarking dan Proses peningkatan kualitas/Quality Improvement Process.

3. In your opinion, how important are organizational culture and individual personalities in the Xerox control process?

Jawab : Budaya organisasi dan kepribadian individu didalam perusahaan merupakan element yang penting yang mempengaruhi kesuksesan dan keberlanjutan perusahaan itu sendiri.

Hal ini menjadi sangat sulit untuk meminta karyawan untuk berubah. Maka dari itu dengan mempunyai budaya organisasi yang baik didalam perusahaan, kebutuhan perubahan prilaku karyawan untuk berubah menjadi kecil apabila tujuan karyawan dan tujuan perusahaan sudah menemui titik temu. Hasil dari sebuah sinergi tersebut adalah tercapainya Goal yang telah dicapai.

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