...Yellow Fever Mersadez Polendo Medical Terminology – HLHS 101 April 9, 2015 Marleen Miller Abstract Fevers, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, muscle pains and headaches; all of these symptoms just from a little bite by a female mosquito. Only affecting humans, other mammals, and even more species of mosquitoes. The disease is hard to point out from other flus, especially in the beginning stages. Some people get better within a week period. Some of those who improve in a day think it’s all over but then the fever returns as the pains do. Damage is caused to liver which can only mean the virus is getting worse. I choose this topic because it caught my attention and as I read about it I was intrigued more. I never knew about this virus so I thought about learning something new. Yellow Fever In the article Yellow Fever introduction explains at one time Yellow fever was the scariest diseases. A wide spread of vaccinations successfully making the virus under control for about 40 years and more in the mid-20s. Although late 1980s it returned putting risk in the West and Central Africa (The Yellow fever initative: an introduction, 2015). Yellow fever is transmitted from a bite of a mosquito in jungles and tropical rainforests. Another word for the Yellow fever is Yellow Jack or Black Vomit. The yellow that in the name is from jaundice which affects most patients. This disease is the first disease that which an insect is who vector carried this infectious disease. The virus...
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...Yellow Fever Endemic to Tropical Regions of Africa and South America name University professor date Yellow Fever Yellow fever is a viral infection which is potentially fatal. Statistics kept by WHO, the World Health Organization, estimates that out of 200,000 cases of yellow fever each year, there are 30,000 deaths as a result of the infectious process (“Yellow Fever Fact,” 2010). Yellow Fever is endemic to tropical regions. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that yellow fever is endemic to 30 sub-Saharan African countries and 13 Central and South American countries. In the 1900’s research discovered that yellow fever is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and the development of a vaccine followed shortly after (Hill, 2009). Despite the development of a vaccine, today yellow fever is a serious health risk to the inhabitants of tropical South America, Africa, and to any travelers visiting these areas. This paper will discuss the infectious process of yellow fever, how yellow fever is diagnosed, and its’ signs and symptoms. Next, the pathophysiological changes caused by yellow fever will be explained. Lastly, available treatments and education to prevent yellow fever will be explored. Disease and Infectious Process The vector of the yellow fever virus is the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Meanwhile, humans and monkeys are the principle reservoirs for the virus. The process of infection starts with a female mosquito that feeds on an infected carrier of the yellow...
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...With such a vast amount of dangerous diseases the human body can face today, one is no longer safe when disease is out looking for them. The mosquito; small, painless, and quick, is capable of delivering yellow fever, an acute viral disease which can cause an array of health implications such as fevers, back pains, and even the vomiting of blood. Conditions that should not be taken lightly, an average of 30,000 deaths occur every year due to condense mosquito regions, lack of protection, and poor access to treatments. Mosquito bites do not always carry the yellow fever virus, but if exposed, an individual may face serious health issues or death. With enough awareness and protection, one can prevent themselves to this dangerous disease. Pathophysiology...
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...to the western world, it was initially discovered in Uganda in 1947 in monkeys through a system that checked yellow fever (“Zika Virus”). It was later discovered in people in 1952 in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. Episodes of Zika infection sickness have been recorded in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific (“Zika Virus”). From the 1960s to 1980s, human diseases were found crosswise over Africa and Asia, commonly joined by mellow ailment (“Zika Virus). The main substantial flare-up of malady brought on by Zika disease was accounted for from the Island of Yap (Federated States of Micronesia) in 2007 (“Zika Virus”). In addition, in July 2015 Brazil announced a relationship between Zika infection contamination and Guillain-Barré disorder (“Zika Virus”). In October 2015 Brazil announced a relationship between Zika infection contamination and microcephaly (“Zika Virus”). In view of a deliberate survey of the writing up to 30 May 2016, WHO has presumed that Zika infection contamination amid pregnancy is a reason for innate cerebrum anomalies, including microcephaly, and that Zika infection is a trigger of Guillain-Barré disorder (“Zika Virus”). Exceptional endeavors...
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...Zika virus has recently broken out in the southern part of the United States. Zika virus can be spread through unprotected sexual activities or through animals or insect bites and of course, from mother to child. In this case, it is through Aedes mosquitoes bite. The symptoms of the Zika virus have not been proven to fatal. However, it does cause serious birth defects and there are no vaccine or medicine for Zika virus which is the main reason why Zika virus became so well known. Zika virus risks jeopardizing many industries such as airlines, hotels, and restaurants. With Florida being one of the many states, Florida tourism industry definitely decreased. The news warned pregnant women and women who planned to be pregnant in the future to...
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...Europe and other areas. In 2013, the first cases of the virus were confirm in the Americas, on Islands in the Caribbean. Since that date, there has been more than 570,000 confirm or suspected cases throughout the Americas. There has been cases with local infections in Florida. In 2015, chikungunya virus disease became a nationally notifiable condition and as of December 8, 2015, a total of 629 cases have been reported from 43 states. All reported cases occurred in travelers returning from affected areas. There was not a locally transmitted case in the United States. A total of 202 cases were reported from U.S. territories. All those cases were locally transmitted in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgen Islands. The most common symptoms are fever and joint paint, but can also include headaches, muscle pain, joint swelling or rash. There are not specific treatments for chikungunya, and is treated symptomatically,...
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...I woke up feeling anemic, nauseous, I’d had a splitting headache and my skin was taking a yellow tinge, as I saw a mosquito flying around my room I knew what had happened . . . Yellow Fever! 2000 to 5000 people had already died, would I have been next? Philadelphia doctors and French doctors treated Yellow Fever patients in Philadelphia, 1793. People got Yellow Fever by infected mosquitoes that came from refuges. The Philadelphia doctors and French doctors have some things in common. For example, they both treated Yellow Fever patients and tried to find the right cure, but never could. Philadelphia doctor, Dr. Edward Stevens, had thought that if you drink wine and take cold baths it would cure Yellow Fever. They both care about their...
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...Did you know, that the yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia of 1793 lasted 4 to 5 months with over than 4,000 deaths? In the novel fever 1793 by Laurie Halse Anderson, the town of Philadelphia suffers though a tough time caused by yellow fever. 14 year old Matilda Cook who lives with her mother Lucille, her grandfather, and their house cook Eliza in a coffeehouse, must try to make it through the fever. In the novel fever 1973 we learn many themes, but one important theme is maturity that teaches that even when going through the toughest situations people become grown-ups. First of all, when yellow fever has strike through the town of Philadelphia, Lucille is the first one to get the fever and doesn't want Matilda near her so she doesn't get sick too. So Lucile makes the decisions of sending grandfather and Matilda to a friends farm to keep them safe. Matilda wanted to stay with her mother but Eliza convinced her to go away and promised Matilda she would look after her mother. Once grandfather and Matilda had left Philadelphia and were on their way to their...
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...“Cough Cough”, “I feel as sick as a dead fever patient” murmured one of the fever victims. A first year physician Dr. Blesi, newly arrived in Philadelphia volunteered to treat yellow fever victims in 1793. King George lll asked Dr. B.J. Hardick to help knock out and cure the thousands of people affected from yellow fever in Philadelphia. He can either use the American way or the French way to treat the yellow fever victims. They are both alike yet so different from each other. The French treatment and the American treatment are similar in many ways. One way their similar is they both can treat people. Also, they are both alike because the two treatments involve highly trained doctors. Lastly, the two treatments both give the fever victims...
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...problems, or death.Yellow fever is a serious, potentially deadly flu-like disease. Yellow fever is a tropical viral disease affecting the liver and kidneys, causing fever and jaundice. It is transmitted by mosquitoes. Yellow fever in 18th century was one of the worst epidemics in Philadelphia history because of its mysterious cause, tenacious symptoms, and economic impact. When the yellow fever came to Philadelphia it became a ghost town. So many people effected by the yellow fever. It killed them from...
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...In 1793 Philadelphia, there was a major tragedy that caused thousands of deaths…. It was called The Yellow Fever. The procedure the Philadelphia doctors thought would help, made the fever worse. The Yellow Fever was brought by ships coming from other countries. The French treatment was milder and not as violent.The Yellow Fever was caused by people getting bitten by mosquitos. The Philadelphia doctors and the French doctors both attempted several times to cure the Yellow Fever. They both were as cautious as a school crossing guard about the treatment, because they were eager to help the sick people. They both wanted to keep the patients cool. Some survived the Philadelphia treatment; others died. But Doctor Rush, a Philadelphia physician...
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...One scientific discovery that changed the field of microbiology, sanitation, and disease prevention forever was Carlos Juan Finlay’s discovery that the tropical disease yellow fever was spread by mosquitoes, especially the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Finlay was born in Camagüey, Cuba on December 3, 1833. He had a diverse education, studying in both France and America. During his time, yellow fever was ravaging and decimating the population of tropical areas, including his home country of Cuba. It is ironic that the man who determined that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquitoes succumbed to multiple diseases throughout his life. After contracting cholera and almost dying from typhoid fever, he returned to Cuba where he practiced medicine. Throughout...
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...Memphis and the 1878 Yellow Fever Epidemic. Executive Summary:.. The Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1878 had a destructive effect on Memphis, Tennessee. The death and destruction resulting from “Yellow Jack” reduced Memphis from a thriving city, all but immune to the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction, to a charterless tax district run by the State of Tennessee (Baker, 1968). The 1878 epidemic was not the city’s first experience with the fever, but it was by far the most devastating. Adding to the general effects of the epidemic were the failures of the city’s government to keep Memphis financially solvent and physically sanitary. Growing distrust among the citizens of Memphis toward their municipal government, local newspapers, and doctors added to the chaos the epidemic brought to Memphis. Volunteer agencies formed a proxy government in the city that managed the epidemic and spearheaded the dissolution of the city’s charter and the formation of the Memphis Tax District, which eventually...
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...The August 1793 epidemic was caused by a large influx of refugees from Saint-Domingue. Many fled from the Caribbean after the start of the Haitian Revolution. These refugees and the increase of international shipping led to mosquitos from the islands to appear in Philadelphian ports. These mosquitoes carried the yellow fever virus and instilled fear in its residents. A month after the beginnings of the epidemic, nearly half of Philadelphia’s 50,000 population had already left the city in attempt to escape the virus. The city was in quarantine and Philadelphia goods and people were prohibited from entering nearby towns and cities like New York and Boston. By the middle of November, the cold weather had set in and the plague officially had ended. 5,000 people, early a tenth of Philadelphians, had died as a result of the...
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...Review of Related Literature and Studies 1. Antipyretic An antipyretic is a type of medication that will prevent or reduce fever by lowering body temperature from a raised state. They will not affect normal body temperature if the patient does not have a fever. Generally, most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesize within the hypothalamus. Fever, or pyrexia, occurs when the body reaches a temperature above what is considered "average". Bear in mind, however, that this "average" temperature can vary from person to person within certain parameters. It is generally accepted fever exists at a temperature above 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit) when the thermometer is placed under the armpit, or over 37.5 degrees Celsius (99.5 degrees Fahrenheit) when measured orally or rectally. Fever usually results from microbes such as bacteria or viruses triggering the body's defense mechanisms. This activates certain types of cells, some of which release the substance interleukin. Prostaglandin is another chemical released by the body that plays a part in this process. Prostaglandin is induced by bacterial pyrogens and is produced in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Interleukin affects the hypothalamus, which is the part of the brain that regulates body temperature, signaling it to raise the temperature by a few degrees. The hypothalamus works like a thermostat while the interleukin that is released serves to raise its preset...
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