...Breast Cancer Stephanie Shuman COM 156 August 10, 2014 University of Phoenix Breast Cancer The website for the Breast Cancer.org (n.d) stated, “About 1 in 8 U.S. women (just over 12%) will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. In 2013, an estimated 232,340 new cases of invasive breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S., along with 64,640 new cases of non-invasive (in situ) breast cancer.” (para.1) American Cancer Society (2007) stated, “Male breast cancer makes up only 1% of all breast cancers reported in the United States. Still, in the last decade it was responsible for approximately 2000 new cases as well as about 450 deaths per year.” (para.1) Breast cancer death rates have begun decreasing in the U.S in women under 50. It’s thought that the decreases are the result of advanced treatments, early detections through screening and increased awareness. It’s important for not only women to understand the symptoms but men, too. Every man and woman are at risk for breast cancer, and risk rises with age. Survival increases with early detection and treatment. Several of the risk factors for breast cancer are beyond their control. Genetics is the strongest known risk factor for breast cancer that women and men cannot be control. Breast cancer occurs in about 15 to 20 % of women who had a history of breast cancer on either the mothers or the father’s side of the family. On the off chance that he or she has a first-degree relative...
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...Symptoms Breast Cancer Breast Cancer The most common symptom of breast cancer is a new lump or mass. A mass that is painless, hard, and has irregular edges is more likely to be cancerous, but breast cancers can be tender, soft, or rounded. They can even be painful. For this reason, it is important to have any new breast mass or lump, or breast change checked by a health care professional experienced in diagnosing breast diseases. Other possible signs of breast cancer include: * Swelling of all or part of a breast (even if no distinct lump is felt) * Skin irritation or dimpling * Breast or nipple pain * Nipple retraction (turning inward) * Redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin * A nipple discharge other than breast milk Facts * The older a woman, the more likely she is to get breast cancer * Young women can get breast cancer, even in their 20s * White women are more likely to get breast cancer than women of any other racial or ethnic group * African American women are more likely to die from breast cancer than white women The most common symptom of breast cancer is a new lump or mass. A mass that is painless, hard, and has irregular edges is more likely to be cancerous, but breast cancers can be tender, soft, or rounded. They can even be painful. For this reason, it is important to have any new breast mass or lump, or breast change checked by a health care professional experienced in diagnosing breast diseases...
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...Some of the focuses of health promotions are raising health awareness, encouraging safety and healthy diet and reducing harmful habits like smoking and excessive alcohol intake for example health promotion gives health awareness about risks associated with smoking such as lung cancer, depression and heart problems thereby leaving the choices into consumers whether to choice smoking or to quit. Similarly, a television campaign might give us awareness about unprotected sex such as preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STD) by using condoms. It is again down to the choice of an individual where to use protection or carry on with unprotected sex thereby risking their lives. There are some mass of people who actually unaware about potential health hazard brought about by some habits such as excessive drinking so the health promotion might encourage people to quit drinking, that can result in choosing healthy lifestyle and increment of life...
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...and the Impact on Breast Care Christina Reid-Brown California Baptist University Foundations of Management BUS 503A February 9, 2015 Dr. Marc Weinger Abstract This research paper evaluated the relationship between navigation and navigator roles as they relate to the patient journey with breast cancer. The goal of the research was to determine if these care coordination models eliminated institutional barriers experienced by patients trying to coordinate breast care in a complex healthcare system. It also evaluated the effectiveness of the navigator role as it supports the elimination of barriers to care for minorities and women living in low-income and underserved communities. This study reviewed the results from surveys given to women being treated for breast cancer at different hospitals, and cancer clinics to determine if navigation improves patient access to appropriate evidence-based healthcare. The findings showed higher patient satisfaction and compliance, continuity of care, decreased anxiety levels, and increased social support systems from families and friends when navigation services were provided. Key Words: Patient Navigator; Breast Care Coordinator; Breast Care Patient Navigator; Breast Cancer in Women; Current Studies involving Breast Cancer Introduction Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death and the most common disease found in women living in the United...
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...Breast Implants In 1997, the United States had 101,176 people that went through surgery for breast implants and in 2000 that number more than doubled to 203,310; just in those 3 years. The first surgery that was ever performed was in the late nineteenth century; breast implant devices have been used to surgically enhance the size, adjust the shape and enrich the feel of a woman’s breasts. In 1889, the first breast implant surgery was done by Dr. Robert Gersuny, who experimented with paraffin injections, but ended with catastrophic results. In 1930, silicone, a synthetic plastic, was invented for use as a breast implant filler. In 1940’s, Japanese prostitutes had their breasts injected with substances such as paraffin, sponges and non-medical grade silicone to enlarge their breasts, believing that American men favored large breasts sizes. Silicone is a metal-like substance that’s found in nature when it is combined with oxygen which creates silica. Ordinarily beach on the sand and crystals are the real silica. For the silica to turn into silicone it will have to combined with carbon, which will form silicon. It is put though further process, which then becomes polymerized; this process combines the more complex molecules. That’s the method on how they make silicone. There are three ways in which silicone can be processed: A fluid, a gel, and a solid rubber which is known as elastomer. Silicone can even be found in regular everyday items like chewing gum, cleansers, suntan lotion...
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...Breast Cancer Tonia Maraden CM220-51 November 23, 2012 Breast Cancer Debra Wheeler is a wonderful person and a personal friend that works with me at my part time job. She is the Executive Assistant to the CEO. In January of last year, Debra Wheeler was diagnosed with Stage 2 breast cancer. She ended up having to have single mastectomy since the cancer was only in one of her breast. She then later had to have the breast the removed and reconstructed. The way they did it was take the skin and soft tissues from the belly and use it to reconstruct her new breast. Debra’s healthy body and her positive spirit helped her to beat the cancer, now she has been cancer free for a year. She is a very strong willed person and that is why I believe is the reason that she is still here today others have not been so lucky or gave up the fight too early. With this in mind, Debra has discovered along with many breast cancer survivors that the oral contraceptives for many years were a possible cause to the reason they were diagnosed with cancer. There are more than one reason has to why we should support breast cancer. Breast cancer is something that will or has affected us all in one way or another. I. Here are some statics on breast cancer: A. A woman is diagnosed with Breast Cancer every 2.5 Minutes. 1. Worldwide, breast cancer...
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...Breast Cancer: What is it? The Statistics: Breast cancer incidence in women in the United States is 1 in 8 (about 13%). In 2009, an estimated 192,370 new cases of invasive breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S., along with 62,280 new cases of non-invasive (in situ) breast cancer. About 1,990 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in men in 2008. Less than 1% of all new breast cancer cases occur in men. Following a 20-year increase in breast cancer incidence rates in women, 1999-2006 saw these rates decrease by 2%. One theory is that this decrease was due to the reduced use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by women after the results of a large study, called the Women’s Health Initiative, were published in 2002. These results suggested a connection between HRT and increased breast cancer risk. About 40,170 women in the U.S. were expected to die in 2009 from breast cancer, though death rates have been decreasing since 1990. These decreases are thought to be the result of treatment advances, earlier detection through screening, and increased awareness. For women in the U.S., breast cancer death rates are higher than those for any other cancer besides lung cancer. Besides skin cancer, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among U.S. women. More than 1 in 4 cancers are breast cancer. Compared...
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...Breast and ovarian cancer are the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in North American, Caucasian women (Adkinson, 2012). Roughly more than 220,000 women are diagnosed every year (Adkinson, 2012) (National Library of Medicine (US), 2015). This disease is known to cluster within families if the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are involved. The mutation of these genes is more common in women than in men; however, the mutated genes have the ability to be inherited from the mother or the father equally. It is important to note that even though people, mainly women, inherit the mutated genes for breast and ovarian cancer; they do not inherit the disease itself. Rather, those that inherit the genes significantly increase their likelihood of breast or ovarian cancer developing later in life (National Library of Medicine (US), 2015). Specifically, a woman’s risk for developing breast or ovarian cancer increases significantly if a first-degree relative has the disease. With a first-degree relative you share about 50 percent of their genes and this kind of relative includes parents, offspring, and siblings. Knowing this fact there is reason to believe that the genes responsible for the development of breast and ovarian cancer, BRCA1 and BRCA2, are strongly heritable in families and possess a high penetrance, or expression rate (Adkinson, 2012). The term used to describe this heritable genetic component is known as familial clustering. Though this disease is attributed to genetics there are other...
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...Breast Cancer If a woman were to be diagnosed with breast cancer 15 years ago, it was most likely that she wouldn’t survive. There wasn’t much knowledge of the subject then leaving doctors clueless in how to treat the matter. With all of the technology of today, the medical world has made so much progress in treating breast cancer and looking for a cure. Breast cancer is a potentially fatal disease that affects many lives. It can impact the lives of not only the women who have contracted the disease, but also their friends and families. There are much technological advancement made every day in the fight to find a cure however, by educating women on the subject, utilizing tools for early detection, and improving treatments, the survival rate has increased and many cases have even been prevented from happening. Cancer is not just one disease but rather a group of diseases. All forms of cancer causes cells in the body to change and grow out of control. Most types of cancer cells form a lump or mass called a tumor. Cells from the tumor can break away and travel to other parts of the body where they can continue to grow, (American Cancer Society). When a woman gets breast cancer, it is a malignant tumor that has developed in the breast tissue. The cancer cells have the ability to spread to the underarm lymph nodes from which they are more likely to spread to other organs in the body. Benign tumors (non-cancerous), do not have the ability to spread and are not life...
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...Breast Cancer COM/156 May 3, 2012 Breast Cancer Breast Cancer is the most common cancer that women may face in their lifetime. It can occur at any age, but is more likely to occur after the age of 40 and as we get older. Breast cancer is an unrestrained growth of breast cells, which take places as a result of modifications, or abnormal changes in the genes, that is responsible for stabilizing the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. The genes are in each cell’s nucleus, which acts as the “control room” of each cell. Normally, the cells in our bodies replace themselves through a systematic process of cell growth: healthy new cells take over as old ones die out. But over time, transformations can turn on certain genes and turn off others in a cell. That changed cell gains the ability to keep dividing without control or order, producing more cells just like it and forming a tumor. Breast Cancer affects many women during their lives. Also, there are a number of risk factors that can cause this disease, besides inherited traits. Because of certain factors, some woman may have a greater chance of developing breast cancer than others, whether it is by heredity or not. As you get older your best defense is to know about this disease and learn what you can do about it and save your life. A risk factor is anything that affects your chances of getting breast cancer. There are different kinds of risk factors to be aware of. Some factors, such as a person's age or race, can not...
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...Every women needs to know the facts the facts when it comes to breast cancer, every women is at risk. “Breast cancer is a multi-dynamic disease which affects the patient, the patient’s family, and society in various ways.” People should care about breast cancer because it kills men and women. It takes your friends and family members away. Now that breast cancer is being detected at an earlier stage, women are able to be treated before the cancer gets worse. Learning how many women get breast cancer and how many women die each year from the terrible disease shows me that getting and mammogram early they can detect the cancer and ultimate save women and men lives. I will be discussing about how breast cancer affects the patient, the patient’s family and society. Breast cancer can affect people in many different ways. Finding out that you have breast cancer can cause you stress like uncertainly of your future, the unpredictability of the cancer, disability, and financial difficulties. You can also be stress out about your physical appearance after a mastectomy. Losing your hair after chemotherapy, and your skin changing from the radiation therapy. You feel that everybody is going to look at you differently because you have cancer. Common signs of stress are disturbed sleep, fatigue, body aches, pain, anxiety, irritability, tension, and headaches. You can reduce stress by keep a positive attitude, accept that there are events you cannot control, be assertive instead of aggressive...
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...MISSION To connect people with trusted breast cancer information and a community of support. VISION A world where no one impacted by breast cancer feels uninformed or alone. HISTORY & COMMUNITY SERVED LBBC was founded in 1991 by radiation oncologist Marisa C. Weiss, MD, in response to a woman's need for breast-cancer-related information, connection and support after completing treatment. In our early years, Dr. Weiss ran LBBC out of the third floor of her home using volunteers. Few resources existed for women affected by breast cancer, and LBBC focused exclusively on the post-treatment experience. In 1996, Jean A. Sachs, MSS, MLSP, became Living Beyond Breast Cancer’s first executive director (now chief executive officer). Ms. Sachs has increased LBBC’s budget from $100,000 to more than $4 million per year, increased the size of the staff and expanded our programs and services. Today, LBBC has expanded to assist women at all stages of diagnosis, treatment and recovery. Our mission includes offering specialized programs and services for the newly diagnosed, young women, women with advanced breast cancer, women at high risk for developing thedisease, and African-American women. We also offer programs for caregivers and healthcare professionals to help them better meet the needs of women affected by breast cancer. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Barbara Yorke – Chair Retired Executive Denise Portner – Vice Chair Senior Vice President, SteegeThomson Communications ...
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...Prevention of Breast Cancer Abstract Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American women according to the National Cancer Institute. Breast cancer research has found no cure and treatments vary in effectiveness. Objectives This paper will review some of the various conventional and natural prevention methods of breast cancer and evaluate the effectiveness and risks of each. Methods/Design Published studies on early detection , non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical activity and diet were reviewed. Opposing studies and risks of each were also sought and reviewed. Major Findings All methods were found to have a positive effect on reducing the risk of breast cancer except for early detection. All methods were also found to have a negative effect on breast cancer risk or have risks of other health problems except for physical activity and thermography. Conclusion Studies show that early detection does not prevent breast cancer and moderate physical activity can reduce the risk of breast cancer. All other methods have conflicting studies . Early Detection: Early detection is the most recommend method for the prevention of breast cancer, however it does not prevent breast cancer but studies show it can reduce the death rate of breast cancer. Mammography the most used and accurate form of non-evasive early detection will be examined in this paper as well as thermography, a new alternative to mammogram screenings. ...
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...G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation Nitara Williams COM2250 Professor Tim Houston The Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation is the most widely known, largest and best-funded breast cancer organization in the United States Since its inception in 1982, Komen has spent nearly $1.5 billion for breast cancer education, research, advocacy, health services and social support programs in the U.S., and through partnerships in more than 50 countries. Today, Komen has more than 100,000. Komen supports for breast self-awareness as a primary method for fighting breast cancer. Komen supports universal screening mammography and breast self-examination, as well as ever-increasing levels of government spending on diagnosing and treating breast cancer. They promote early detection as the primary tool for preventing breast cancer deaths. Many scientific reviews have concluded that random screening mammography for all middle-aged and older women, regardless of each woman's individual risk of developing breast cancer, results in overtreatment of some women whose cancer would never harm them. For every one woman whose life is saved by screening mammography, 250 to 500 women will be told that they might have breast cancer when they don't. 125 to 250 will have biopsies performed, and between two and ten women will receive unnecessary treatment. Many corporate and charitable organizations run advertisements related to breast cancer, especially...
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...Kendrick Williams Prof. Karlene Jackson Thompson COS 50-008 December 2, 2013 Final Draft “The Idea of Abortion Being Immoral and Unethical” Why is abortion immoral and unethical, and how does it affect society? This is one question that anti-abortionists would consider answering. The viewpoint about abortion has been negative and positive, but it has been demonstrated as an action that is commonly known as being immoral and unethical and it puts a bad effect on not only women, but society as a whole. Many people in our society have come to believe that they benefit from acts of abortion. However, acts of abortion have been known to leave a dark shadow over a woman who has been involved in abortion and society. The immorality of abortion is evident through its action against moral and ethical values. Abortion basically causes death. Individual human life in a mother’s womb is destroyed. The taking of innocent human life is wrong under any circumstances and possibility of a new life emerging is excluded. Don Marquis, a current Professor of Philosophy at the University of Kansas argues that destroying human life is immoral and unjust because it prevents the victim from seeing their future. He states, “The loss of one's life deprives one of all the experiences, activities, projects, and enjoyments that would otherwise have constituted one's future. Therefore, killing someone is wrong, primarily because the killing...
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