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Youth Suicide

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Most of us can hardly imagine the suffering in the wake of the death of a young person but when this death is because of suicide the pain is even more compounding as there is no explanation. The reason why someone decides to take their own life still remains a mystery, the community are still disturbingly unaware of the prevalence of youth suicide until they experience it themselves. Although something can be done, with the introduction of suicide prevention programs to the Australian Curriculum, the education departments and its bodies would be seen as doing more towards the prevention of suicide.
Youth suicide is the most concerning area of suicide and its destruction of young life has implications for the long-term affairs of our community. The Australian government identified this and in the 1995/96 commonwealth budget provided substantial funding, $13 million dollars with a combined total of $31 million by 1999. This initial funding lead to the creation of the National Youth Prevention Strategy administered by Department of Health with emphasis on promotion, prevention and early intervention. (Living is for everyone, 2008, p. 7) Since then many agencies have been proactively targeting youth suicide.
In 2000 the National Youth Prevention Strategy expanded into Life is for Everyone (LIFE). LIFE is a world-class suicide and self-harm prevention resource. Dedicated to providing the best available evidence and resources to guide activities aimed at reducing the rate at which people take their lives in Australia, LIFE is specifically designed for people across the community who are involved in suicide and self-harm prevention activities. (Living is for everyone, 2008, p. 7)
According to LIFE, suicide, which is determined by the coroner as intentional self-harm, accounts for a large portion of deaths for all young people aged 15-24 despite decreases over the last 10 years. Young men are 3 to 4 times more likely to die by their own hand than females. Sadly, this equates to 20% of all suicides in Australia are young people.
At some point every person is going to effected by suicide during their lifetime, whether it’s as a child or an adult, imagine if there was something that could be done to reduce this epidemic entirely by research, consultation and most importantly through education.
There is approximately 3.6 million children in Australian schools each and every one of these children are being educated in reference to the Australian Curriculum. (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014) The need to introduce suicide prevention programs into school environments had been recognised by a group of mental health professionals, educators and early childhood staff. They joined forces and developed a program which is delivered at a school level KidsMatter.
KidsMatter states the program focuses on teaching children skills for good social and emotional development, creating positive school and early childhood communities, working together with families and most importantly recognising and getting help for children with mental health problems. KidsMatter provides a flexible school approach that is designed to each individual schools needs. It involves a step-by-step planning process designed to assist schools to review, support and build upon their existing programs or policies to foster a positive focus on mental health and wellbeing of students.
The Centre for Analysis of Educational Futures, Flinders University conducted a two-year evaluation of the pilot program, they found that 20% of students that experienced mental health difficulties were shown to no longer be at risk after adopting the KidsMatter program. The evaluation also found that student mental health and wellbeing had improved throughout the school community, students' school work had improved and parents, carers and teachers were reported to have a greater knowledge and developed skills to help children to combat social and emotional challenges. (Slee, Lawson, Russell, Askell-Williams, Dix, Owens, Skrzypiec, Spears 2009)
Furthermore, since the establishment of the pilot program 1300 schools have adopted the program throughout Australia: in 2013 there were 9393 schools recorded by the Australia Bureau of Statistics (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013) that is only 13% of schools taking a proactive approach towards the prevention of suicide. Unfortunately these programs require individual schools to register to include this as part of their school based curriculum.
In an article supporting the introduction of suicide prevention programs ‘Calls for schools to address suicide prevention’ Miller reported “Dr Martin Harris, who is on the board of Suicide Prevention Australia, says a suicide prevention program should be considered as part of the new nation curriculum said ‘I think it ought not to be the prevail of a particular teacher, but it ought to be a program which is embraced in a robust way by a school when they think they’re ready to do it.’
In response to Dr Harris’ comments 2011 “The Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority said in a statement that the development of the health and PE aspects of the national curriculum is expected to start later this year.” (Miller, 2011)
It is now 2015 and the Australian Curriculum which stretches across each and every education forum unfortunately has only one single unit ‘Identifying and describing emotional responses’ this coming under the Heath and Psychical education learning area. (ACARA, 2013)
So, since every child in Australia aged 6 to 17 is required to attend an education facility either government, non-government or approved home schooling (s. 21a & s. 21b of the Education Act 1990) it is a highly successful option to introduce a suicide prevention program to the current Australian Curriculum and this percentage of schools taking part would of course rise to 100%.
Education facilities should not wait until they believe they are ready, every school in Australia is ready as they already hold the general well-being of all our children and it is their presence, knowledge and support that assists parents and carers to develop well educated, knowledgeable and experienced adults.
Youth suicide is an epidemic although decreasing, still an epidemic that needs more attention and education than it is currently receiving. Across the board, the government itself, government agencies and local communities are all showing an increasing need to provide our youth with the tools to overcome the desire to suicide yet still nothing is being done on an educational level therefore, the education department and schools should do more towards the prevention of suicide.
Reference List
ACARA. (2013, November 18). ACPPS005 Health and Physical Education. The Australian Curriculum Retrieved from http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013) Schools, Australia, (4430.0). Canberra: Author.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2014) Schools, Australia, (4221.0). Canberra: Author.
Miller, B. (2011, March 10). Calls for schools to address suicide prevention. ABC. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/
Slee, P. T., Lawson, M. J., Russell, A., Askell-Williams, H., Dix, K. L., Owens, L., Skrzypiec, G., Spears, B. (2009). Executive Summary: Evaluation Final Report. Retrieved from Beyond Blue website: http://resources.beyondblue.org.au/prism/file?token=BL/0718
The Australian Department of Health and Ageing. (2008) Living is for Everyone: Research and evidence in suicide prevention. Publication. P3-2060 Retrieved from http://www.livingisforeveryone.com.au/uploads/docs/LIFE-research-web.pdf
The Education Act. (1990). Section 21 Most of us can hardly imagine the suffering in the wake of the death of a young person but when this death is because of suicide the pain is even more compounding as there is no explanation. The reason why someone decides to take their own life still remains a mystery, the community are still disturbingly unaware of the prevalence of youth suicide until they experience it themselves. Although something can be done, with the introduction of suicide prevention programs to the Australian Curriculum this would provide everyone with the knowledge, skills and support to work towards a positive future free of the worrying concerns of youth suicide.

Youth suicide is the most concerning area of suicide and its destruction of young life has implications for the long-term affairs of our community. The Australian government identified this and in the 1995/96 commonwealth budget provided substantial funding, $13 million dollars with a combined total of $31 million by 1999. This initial funding lead to the creation of the National Youth Prevention Strategy administered by Department of Health with emphasis on promotion, prevention and early intervention. (Living is for everyone, 2008, p. 7) Since then many agencies have been proactively targeting youth suicide.
In 2000 the National Youth Prevention Strategy expanded into Life is for Everyone (LIFE). LIFE is a world-class suicide and self-harm prevention resource. Dedicated to providing the best available evidence and resources to guide activities aimed at reducing the rate at which people take their lives in Australia, LIFE is specifically designed for people across the community who are involved in suicide and self-harm prevention activities. (Living is for everyone, 2008, p. 7)
According to LIFE, suicide, which is determined by the coroner as intentional self-harm, accounts for a large portion of deaths for all young people aged 15-24 despite decreases over the last 10 years. Young men are 3 to 4 times more likely to die by their own hand than females. Sadly, this equates to 20% of all suicides in Australia are young people. (Living is for everyone, 2008, p. 6)

Furthermore, mental health professionals, educators and early childhood staff joined forces and developed a program which is delivered at a school level KidsMatter. This program focuses on teaching children skills for good social and emotional development, creating positive school and early childhood communities, working together with families and most importantly recognising and getting help for children with mental health problems. KidsMatter also provides a flexible whole school approach that is tailored to each individual schools local needs. It involves a step-by-step planning process designed to assist schools to review, support and build upon their existing programs or policies to foster a positive focus on mental health and wellbeing of students.

A two-year independent evaluation of the pilot program, conducted by the Centre for Analysis of Educational Futures at Flinders University, found that 20% of students that experienced mental health difficulties were shown to no longer be at risk after adopting the KidsMatter Primary program over a two-year period. The independent evaluation also found that student mental health and wellbeing had improved throughout the school community, students' school work had improved and parents, carers and teachers were reported to have greater capacity to help children to withstand social and emotional challenges. (Slee, Lawson, Russell, Askell-Williams, Dix, Owens, Skrzypiec, Spears 2009)

Since 2006 with the establishment of the pilot program it has been adopted by 1300 schools throughout Australia, in 2013 there were 9393 schools recorded by the Australia Bureau of Statistics (Australian Bureau of statistics, 2013) that is only 13% of schools in Australia are taking a proactive approach towards the prevention of suicide. Unfortunately these programs require individual schools to register to include this as part of their school based curriculum.
There is approximately 3.6 million students in schools across Australia that is 3.6 million children that will be affected by suicide in some way (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014) “Dr Martin Harris, who is on the board of Suicide Prevention Australia, says a suicide prevention program should be considered as part of the new nation curriculum said ‘I think it ought not to be the prevail of a particular teacher, but it ought to be a program which is embraced in a robust way by a school when they think they’re ready to do it.’ (Miller, 2011)

In response to Dr Harris’ comments 2011 “The Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority said in a statement that the development of the health and PE aspects of the national curriculum is expected to start later this year.” (Miller, 2011)

It is now 2015 and the Australian Curriculum which stretches across each and every education forum unfortunately has only one single unit on identifying and describing emotional responses this coming under the Heath and Psychical education learning area. (ACARA, 2013)

So, since every child in Australia aged 6 to 17 is required to attend an education facility either government, non-government or approved home schooling (s. 21a & s. 21b of the Education Act 1990) it is a highly successful option to introduce a suicide prevention program to the current Australian Curriculum and this percentage of schools taking part would of course rise to 100%.

Education facilities should not wait until they believe they are ready, every school in Australia is ready as they already hold the general well-being of all our children and it is their presence, knowledge and support that assists parents and carers to develop well educated, knowledgeable and experienced adults.

Youth suicide is an epidemic although decreasing, still an epidemic that needs more attention and education than it is currently receiving. Across the board, the government itself, government agencies, local communities are all showing an increasing need to provide our youth with the tools to overcome the need to suicide although still nothing is being done on an educational level. The education department and school needs to step up, the support and education services are available it time they started using them.

Reference List
ACARA. (2013, November 18). ACPPS005 Health and Physical Education. The Australian Curriculum Retrieved from http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013) Schools, Australia, (4430.0). Canberra: Author.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2014) Schools, Australia, (4221.0). Canberra: Author.
Miller, B. (2011, March 10). Calls for schools to address suicide prevention. ABC. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/
Slee, P. T., Lawson, M. J., Russell, A., Askell-Williams, H., Dix, K. L., Owens, L., Skrzypiec, G., Spears, B. (2009). Executive Summary: Evaluation Final Report. Retrieved from Beyond Blue website: http://resources.beyondblue.org.au/prism/file?token=BL/0718
The Australian Department of Health and Ageing. (2008) Living is for Everyone: Research and evidence in suicide prevention. Publication. P3-2060 Retrieved from http://www.livingisforeveryone.com.au/uploads/docs/LIFE-research-web.pdf
The Education Act. (1990). Section 21

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