HOW TO USE CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT APPROACH IN UTILIZING ACCIDENT &EMERGENCY DEPA RMENT?

BY
ZAHRA AHMED EBRAHIM

Master in Business Administration
General Management
Organization and Business Management

Open Asia e University

2011

Introduction

Background of the Study
A number of approaches to the structure and management of organizations developed during the late 1800s and early 1900s .The early philosophies are traditionally labelled classical theory while the later approaches include systems theory and contingency theory.
The classical approach to organization focuses efficiency through design. Eleanor and Phillip (2009) kept four elements to build classical theory: division and specialization of labour, chain of command, organizational structure, and span of control. The first element emphasised about dividing the work reduces the number of task that lead to proficiency and specialization. The second element is the chain of command which is meant the hierarchy of authority and responsibility within the organization. However, the collaboration between staff and there managers improve the efficiency and productivity of the unit. Moreover, the third element is organizational structure that describes the arrangement of the work group. The design of the Organization is intended to faster the organization survival and success. Finally, the span of control addresses the pragmatic concern of how many employees a manager can effectively supervise.
The later approaches are systems theory and contingency theory. The main premise of the systems is approach to understand the operation of the entity. Where as contingency theory believe that organizational performance can be enhanced by matching an organization structure to its environment.
In addition, knowing those approaches are essential for any organization to be efficient and effective in today