...INDEPENDENCE OF Rhodesia INTRODUCTION Chou En-lai, when visiting Somalia in February 1964, stated that 'revolutionary prospects throughout the African continent are excellent'. Now some ten years later there appears to be military stalemate between the liberation movements in Angola, Guinea (Bissau) and Mozambique and the 150,000 or more troops maintaining Portuguese rule in those territories. South Africa remains relatively unscathed by such insurgent activity, although she has recently become concerned at the increasing military effectiveness of the insurgents in Namibia (South West Africa), an area she continues to administer in defiance of United Nations' rulings. For the last decade Rhodesia has been faced with recurrent periods of insurgency which have varied in their seriousness. Rhodesia's political and geographical position gives her a particular strategic importance in the confrontation between white and black in southern Africa. Together with Botswana, Rhodesia provides the most direct physical access into the Republic of South Africa regarded by her enemies as the powerhouse of the whole system of white supremacy. From a political viewpoint it seems improbable that white Rhodesia, unlike South Africa, has either the human or material resources to sustain for any considerable time the luxury of racial privilege dependent upon a system of social and political discrimination; and unlike the situation in Angola and Mozambique, there...
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...Nationalism raged in Africa as an outcome of white rule and colonization of the native African’s land of which Zambia is not an exception. Africans were in pursuit of uniting all of Africa with black solidarity and eventually self- governing rule. Those who sought that were called Pan-Africanists and started their revolt with protests and by reminding Africans with liberating sparks of freedom in slogans and ideas such as “Africa for the Africans”.PanAfricanist believed that Africa had a glorious past and that Africans had deeply influenced Western civilization. All of this talk and liberating actions prided Africans to join in their own movement, but was of course met by struggles and challenges.Therefore, this academic essay aims at discussing the impact of nationalism towards Zambian culture. In order to achieve this, the essay will begin by giving brief explanation on Zambian culture as well as Nationalism and thereafter stretch negative and positive impact of nationalism on this culture. Zambia’s contemporary culture is a blend of values, norms, material and spiritual traditions of more than 73 ethnically diverse people. It is believed that most of the tribes of Zambia moved into the area in a series of migratory waves a few centuries ago. They grew in numbers and many travelled in search of establishing new kingdoms, farming land and pastures. Culture comes in many forms and shapes that are constantly evolving. One way of thinking about culture is as “an iceberg sticking...
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...One of the major reasons for bad relations amongst the nations of Europe in the years before 1914 was that they were engaged in a struggle to obtain overseas colonies. Although this happened in several areas of the world, the most dramatic changes took place in Africa. Many nations took part in what became known as the “Scramble for Africa”. The following pages will show the territory gained by each nation, and will explain why the race to gain colonies played a part in the build-up of international tensions which eventually resulted in World War One. During the late 1800s, relations between Britain and France were strained by a series of disputes over African colonies. Both nations hoped to control Egypt and Morocco and this caused many bitter arguments. These were eventually settled in 1904 by the Entente Cordiale. This “friendly understanding” said that Britain should control Egypt and France should control Morocco. However, Germany strongly objected to this agreement… Kaiser William II was jealous of the empires of both France and Britain and tried to break up the “friendly understanding” between them. On two occasions, in 1905 and 1911, German claims over Morocco raised international tension. Indeed, the “Agadir Incident” of 1911 caused Britain to hint that war might result if Germany continued her claims. This crisis passed, but these disputes simply made international relations worse. The bad feeling they created (combined with other factors) made the possibility...
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...health issues or, if it is the rest of the world that does in fact not know how to manage Africa’s health issues or their own. In particular I am going to use Zambia as my African case study. I would argue that Africans have a number of factors that make them distinctly not ‘stupid.’ For example, in Zambia 15.3% of people have AIDS, there are 600,000 orphans as a result of AIDS. In order to reduce this number, ‘Anti Aids Clubs’ have been established in schools. There is a wide network of schools in Zambia so information about prevention and protection can easily be spread and targeted at a young people. This should result in a decrease of such a high percentage of Africans in Zambia suffering. The Zambian Government have also admitted to the IHP they would benefit from ‘closer donor & international partner co-ordination.’ This shows Zambia knows that it needs to change and cannot achieve change by themselves. The first way of solving a problem is admitting to it. Therefore, the people of Zambia are clearly not being ‘stupid’ as they are not ignoring the problem. You should also take into consideration that they have already established and put into place long term aid. I would say that if you were being ’stupid’ then you would not be looking into the future, but instead only thinking about short term aid. Clearly Zambia is planning how best to go about solving this problem rationally and has looked at aspects such as only 36% of people live in urban areas and therefore, as...
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...Deaven Jackson November 1, 2010 BUSN 225 Zambia One downfall for visitors when visiting other countries is that they do not witness the struggles, trials and tribulations a country might of went through to get to the point there at. Zambia is a prime example of perseverance and determination, during the 1960s and early 1970s Zambia had one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. Twenty years later it suffered major economic decline with appalling increases in the level of poverty. After its downfall Zambia has managed to emerge, the economic history of Zambia is divided into six stages during the pre colonization stage many of the people of Zambia were organized into chieftaincies and monarchies that developed a network of trading in copper, ivory, rhino horn and slaves. Before this stage took place economic decision making was confined to local communities, but as the economy began to flourish, the natural riches of the economy were exposed. The colonization era brought about the importance of copper; many were forced to work in the mines to pay for the high taxes on their homes with the creation of the hut tax. The Post Independence Boom encouraged the African Labor Force to form trade unions creating conglomerates like Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM). The Economic Decline in 1970’s and 1980’s stage showed the over dependence Zambia had on the copper mines and the growth of the 1960’s changed with the period between 1975 and 1990 the level of...
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... : +260 977 626078 Email : eddielocho@gmail.com PROFILE I have achieved experience and skills from research related activities. I have excellent interpersonal communication and presentation skills. I am also goal oriented, a strong team player, disciplined and committed to achieving the desired results with minimum or no supervision at all. I am also sociable, a fast learner, and possess the ability to adapt and adjust to the changing working cultures and environments. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND YEAR INSTITUTION QUALIFICATIONS 2007-2012 University of Zambia Bachelor of Mineral Sciences 1997-2001 St Pauls Secondary School G.C.E. Certificate WORK EXPERIENCE DURATION COMPANY POSITION 12 Months Universal Mining and Chemicals Industries Ltd Safety officer 6...
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...Zambia, my country of birth where I spent a significant part of my childhood, got its name from the Zambezi River, the largest river flowing into the Indian Ocean. It is a landlocked country located between the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Zimbabwe (Holmes & Wong, 2009, p. 7). Zambia’s population has been steadily increasing from 7.8 Million in 1990 (City Population Zambia, 2007) to 12.9 million in 2009 (US Department of State, 2009). At the forefront of Zambia’s economy is its ability to mine for great natural resources such as emeralds, aquamarines, amethyst and tourmalines (Dickovick, 2008, p. 320). It also produces 6% of the world’s copper, making it the fourth largest producing copper nation (Holmes & Wong, 2009, p. 44). Lusaka, the city I grew up in and the capital city of Zambia is one of the fastest growing cities in central Africa. Lusaka has changed dramatically from the time I left in 1990 to the time I visited it a few years ago. The changes in society, economic infrastructure and human condition have been dramatic. Zambia has changed so much over a span of 19 years. All the activities that I remember doing with my family and friends, such as safaris and picnics at the Kafue River, on the weekends and holidays have been closed. The zoo which used to be filled with amazing wildlife, which I frequently visited, does not exist anymore. All the animals which once resided there died or escaped because they were not fed properly or looked after...
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...the economy that play essential roles in the economy. However, the tourism sector in Zambia is one of the sector that play very important roles in the growth and well being of the economy as it attracts both local and foreign investors. The industry has now grown more than it used be because both Zambians and foreigners have invested into it and a lot of other people around the world on the other hand want to explore and have some good, quality and leisure moments after working so hard. Tourism brings into the country foreign exchange and revenues to the individuals who are self employed such as Artists. This project is an innovative venture to create a tourist resort in Livingstone. The project company will control and manage most of the key risks (e.g. utility supplies) associated with the project. Consequently, the project is also perceived as being attractive to corporate investors. Apart from that, the project has dedicated professionals who are passionate about the economic developments and will contribute to successfully deliver this project. In particular, this project will seek to achieve a standard of development and allow a quality of life that will appeal to Zambian in Diaspora and others. It will also create an affordable tourism experience for middle income Zambians and a variety of new businesses and jobs, and will consequently improve the inflows of revenue from outside Zambia and will act as a catalyst for similar Developments elsewhere in...
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...NTRODUCTION The concept of regulating a country s energy sector is more than one hundred years old, having been initiated in America. In later years, Europe also established regulatory agencies for the energy sector having seen the need for dedicated bodies to regulate what is often referred to as the engine of any economy - the energy sector. It has been argued that the steady development of the energy sector in the developing world is partly attributable to the presence of regulatory agencies, specifically focused on that sector. It is therefore not surprising that the developing world has decided to follow suit in recent years. Thus, at present, regulation is a worldwide phenomenon common in both the developed and developing countries. In fact, some countries without regulatory agencies in place feel left behind and are in a hurry to learn from countries with regulators in place. Over the years, the ever-increasing involvement of the private sector has reinforced the need for autonomous agencies to regulate the sector. Regulation has largely entailed balancing the needs of both consumers and utilities. Thus, through regulation, utilities are able to operate in an environment where they can get a reasonable rate of return on their investment, while providing a quality service to consumers. With the advent of regulation, there now exist generally distinct and clear roles for different players in the sector Government formulates policy, utilities provide the services while...
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...COMACO´S MISSION COMACO is a non-profit business that reduces human hunger and poverty while saving wild animals and ecosystems in Zambia. Management and Business Description: Dale Lewis founded Comaco alter years of little progress as a conservationist, trying to stop wildlife poaching in remote parts of Zambia. He realized that people poach, as they did not have other means to sustain themselves with small plots and no markets for their crops. He started Comaco to make farming profitable enough to take pressure off wildlife. COMACO targets the least skilled farmers who rely on natural resources, often destructively, as a way of coping with food and income shortages. COMACO trains farmers in “conservation farming” (no poaching burning, or clearing) and buys their produce, creates value added products, and from the sale of these products, COMACO offers financial incentives to build farmer commitment to conservation. Under the “it’s Wild!” brand, rice, peanut butter, and honey are sold in the major retail chains across Zambia – Shoprite, SPAR, and Pick&Pay. COMACO´s goal is to sell 90% of its products through these stores. In addition to training, members receive farm implements and seed inputs to jumpstart their conservation farming. Members who receive seeds, agree that they will return seeds to help support more farmers the next Seaton. Progress so far: COMACO has been expanding in the Western side of the Luangwa Valley, in response to high...
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...October 2011 China And Africa. Zambia - China: Trade, Politics, and Development. Scope : In little over three decades, the Bilateral relationship between Zambia and the Peoples Republic of China has been cemented with a stronghold foundation, but then again, as interests have been reciprocated allying both over time, politics and economic imbalance has caused trade and development to be somewhat controversial in their Relationship. This paper will also look at the historical and contemporary ties between the two economies. In the Late 1960’s, shortly after Zambia’s Independence, China constructed a 2000km railway linking Zambia to Tanzania, in order to provide an alternate route to seaport trade for Zambia. This gesture, showed China’s interest in building ties with the Southern African State, and it also showed, that China could be a dependable ally of the Zambia. Zambia in turn also reciprocated, supporting the One China policy and also co- sponsoring China’s bid in the UN Security Council. Since then, both states have become affiliates with the sole purpose of steadfast development through trade and aid. After time and effort have been put into building political ties, investments made among allied states tend to incline economic gains and this gives birth to a new type of partnership among states. Chinese Investments in the Zambia can be dated back to the period of Zambia’s Post-independence, this was...
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...REFUGEE CONTAINMENT AT NAMIBIA Due to SWAPO governance in Namibia after gained independent from the colonizer, exodus of Namibian political refugees increased. Not only that, some of the Namibian fled the territory and joined liberation movement in Zambia because of extreme military and police took controlled the territory by force in the North. Namibia also has refugee camp, Osire which located in central Namibia was established even before the state gains their independent from the colonizer. Namibia has been hosting the refugees from that period until present day. The refugees placed in Osire are from Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Somalia. Southern African governments has stepped down from their responsibilities towards the refugees of the societies and it is a big concern to the state whom facing the challenges of hosting and protecting the refugees especially when United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) plans to decrease its activities worldwide. Osire camp has been acknowledged by the UNHCR as the best managed refugee camp for providing education and health care service. Despite, there issue arose when the refugees the camp claimed they were mistreated and harassed by the authority and not given a legal status or document to enable them for work. To be conclude, the management of refugee in Namibia by the civil authority was not well managed, how they act towards the refugees is not illegal and against the human rights and...
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...Sikachenya malundu, a junior consultancy in business and a University of zambia graduate as of 2014, major in maths and geography. My names are Sikachenya Malundu, I was placed at a home of six children with a UKV Charlie Clay. Mr Kalenga, the man of the house- a former minister of agriculture, is a very good man who is more welcoming to his house. Mrs kalenga, an official at the Ministry of Education is such lovely mother with a command. It was such a good time being placed in the Kalenga’s with Charlie. We had good time there with my house mate Charlie especially when it came to eating. They provided us with good food and meals. The main problem we had was the distance from home to the next bus station. We spent each, one hour and thirty minutes, each day walking. Mr Kalenga made sure we had clean water through out. There was a problem with the electricity in the whole country, so we had power shortages each day for eight hours. The family has got a maid who helps out with the house chores, and most of the time she did the cleaning. But we later, after two weeks, decided to start helping out with cleaning plates and pots after having dinner. This was a bit a challenge to Charlie, because I am used to that kind of water. It is just a shame that we didn’t have time to say a physical farewell to Mrs Kalenga as she travelled to Kitwe on the Copperbelt. Our house was one of the nicest host homes as it is situated just next the massive embassy of America in Ibex hills. The...
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...The country I have picked for my project is Mozambique in south Africa, and is located near Zimbabwe, Namibia, Its climate in January consists of a rainy season. The rains last for about 190 days in the north but only 120 days in the south. In the cool season may to august temperatures range from 16 deg c to 27 deg c (that is 60 dea to 80 dea F). In the hot season august to November temperatures range 28 deg c to 32 deg c (85 deg f to 90 deg f ). The country has a wealth of mineral resources , especially copper ,lead, zinc , and coal . Copper accounts for more than 80% of this countries export earnings. The copperbelt where four large copper mines and several smaller mines are located is where most mining takes place it lies north of lusaka along the Zairian border . The many rivers near the mines have valuable potential for hydroelectric power. Its population is mostly black Africans who speak BANTU. The national language is english. Most people are Christians, traditional local baliefs still have a strong hold on the village people. Also witchcraft and old customs such as marrying several wives and paying the parents for a bride are slowly dying out in the towns. most children attend elementary school. but only a fifth of them go to high school. It only has one university which was founded in 1965. Corn is the main food .Also a favorite dish is nshima, a thick porridge made from corn. ...
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...is Zambia located in the southern part of Africa. Zambia’s history goes back to the debut of Homo sapiens: evidence of human habitation going back 100,000 years has been found at Kabwe, north of Lusaka. Beginning around 1000 AD, Swahili-Arab slave-traders gradually penetrated the region from their city-states on the eastern coast of Africa. Between the 14th and 16th centuries a Bantu-speaking group known as the Maravi migrated from present-day Congo (Zaïre) and established kingdoms in eastern and southeastern Zambia. In the 18th century, Portuguese explorers following the routes of Swahili-Arab slavers from the coast into the interior became the first known European visitors. After the Zulu nation to the south began scattering its neighbors, victims of the Difaqane (forced migration) began arriving in Zambia in the early 19th century. Squeezed out of Zimbabwe, the Makalolo people moved into southern Zambia, pushing the Tonga out of the way and grabbing Lozi territory on the upper Zambezi River. Zambia is a land locked country with a population 12,935,368. Kenneth Kaunda, a militant former schoolteacher, took over the leadership of the Africans from the more moderate Nkumbula and in 1959 formed a new party, the United National Independence Party (UNIP). Following a massive civil disobedience campaign in 1962, Africans were given a larger voice in the affairs of the protectorate. On 24 October 1964 Northern Rhodesia became independent as the Republic of Zambia, with...
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