Alcohols and alkyl halides are similar because they both contain an electronegative element bonded to a sp3 hybridized carbon atom. However, they are also dissimilar alkyl halides has a leaving group (X-) while alcohols do not. Nucleophilic substitution with ROH as starting material would displace –OH, a strong base and therefore a poor leaving group (McMurry, 2012). Structure (Smith) The OH group must be first converted into a better leaving group for an alcohol to undergo a nucleophilic substitution
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Introduction Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is one of the leading causes of birth defects in the United States. Moreover, FAS appears to be the most common cause of preventable mental retardation. (“Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”, n.d.) Each year between 5,000 and 12,000 American babies are born with the condition. (“Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”, n.d.)Thus, each year roughly 5,000 to 12,000 American children are entering into the educational system. (“Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”, n.d.) Therefore, our nations public
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Chemistry Unit 2 AS Group 7, the halogens - Physical properties, fluorine is a pale yellow gas, chlorine a greenish gas, bromine a red-brown liquid and iodine a black solid o Fluorine is small and leads to the repulsion between non-bonding electrons because they are so close together o The atoms get bigger as we go down the group because each element has one extra filled main level of electrons compared with the one above it |Halogen |Atomic
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As the increasing number of people in all the countries, they are much more getting towards wines, this drink taken a new role in the life of the people. Now it is not like that you share drinks with your friends and family and create a relaxed atmosphere, the wine itself is now become a source of meeting with new people and new experiences. Before the end of 19th century the wine was only taken as an intoxicant but at the end of 19th century to the middle of 20th century wine has taken its own respect
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Objective: To synthesize the bis(acetylacetonato) copper(II) complex Introduction Complexes consist of a central metal atom surrounded by various other atoms or small molecules called ligands. All ligands are electron pair donor which act as Lewis base. The bonding between metal and ligand generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electron pairs. The number of ligands bound to the transition metal ion is called the coordination number. The natures of ligand are the availability
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The first molecule of butane shown is antibonding, meaning that the carbon groups are 180 degrees apart. This is the most stable conformation of butane because there is no strain on the molecule. The second molecule of butane shown is eclipsed, the eclipsed molecule has torsional strain between the carbon hydrogen bonds making it less stable than the anti or gauche form. The gauche form is the second most stable configuration of butane where the two methyl groups are staggered 60° apart from each
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matter, one may ask: "What is alcohol? Isn't it just used for medications?" Well, according to Merriam-Webster dictionary, the word alcohol may mean up to several meanings. For example, in the medical world, the term alcohol means: "a mixture of ethanol and water that is usually 95% ethanol, which is a colorless volatile flammable liquid C2H5OH that is the intoxicating agent in liquors and is also used as a solvent." For this particular essay, however, the term alcohol means: "ethanol especially when
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Collateral damage There are many people affected when it comes to alcohol abuse. Addiction does not just affect the user; it could affect family, friends and even co-workers. When you encounter an issue with a family member that has an addiction to alcohol, you want to help them the best way you know how, but it is easy to ignore how much it is affecting you until you reach your tipping point. You become collateral damage in your efforts to help the person you love with his/her problem, and although
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Booze Blues: A Case Study on the Liver Three signs and/or symptoms that point to alcoholism. Alcoholism is characterized by hyperglycemia, high blood glucose as it is not properly metabolized by the liver. People with alcoholic cirrhosis are unable to store glucose as glycogen thereby remaining in the blood. Moreover, the glucose cannot be metabolized since cirrhosis destroys the pancreas, leading to insufficiency of insulin. Another symptom is excessive bruising as evident on the patient, which
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A miniscale diels-alder reaction was performed between the conjugated diene 2,3dimethyl-1,3 butadiene and a substituted alkene such as maleic anhydride in order to produce a substituted cyclohexane. The substituted cyclohexane produced was 4,5-dimethyl-4-cyclohexene-cis-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride. A diels- alder reaction does not have an intermediate state, meaning that bond breaking and bond making occurs at the same time. Heat needs to be applied in order for the reaction to occur and it is
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