Sheet a) The identity of each element is defined by the number of protons in its nucleus a. The physical and chemical properties of each element are defined by: i. Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus ii. Number of electrons orbiting the nucleus Proton = mass of one & a positive charge Neutron = mass of one and no charge Electron = negligible mass and a negative charge Isotopes of an element a) Isotopes are different forms of the same element a. Same number of protons b. Same
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occupies space. Examples of matter: ~100 elements constitute all matter. A property is any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types of matter. Elements: • are made up of unique atoms, the building blocks of matter. • approximately 116 elements. • names of the elements are derived from a wide variety of sources. Molecules: • are combinations of atoms held together in specific shapes. • Macroscopic
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we understand the process of how it works to better protect ourselves from the dangers of fire. People used to considered fire as one of the major elements in the universe, alongside water, earth and air. But fire is really something completely different. Earth, water and air are all forms of matter; they are made up of millions and millions of atoms collected together. Fire isn't matter at all. It's a visible side effect of matter changing form. It’s one part of a chemical reaction. Typically, fire
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reaction happens. If a reaction has a low rate that means the molecules combine at slower speeds than a reaction with a high rate. Some reactions can take about one hundred to a thousand years. Other reactions can take one second. If you want to think of a slow reaction, think of how long it takes things to fossilize. The rate of a reaction also depends on the molecules that are combined. If there are low, concentrations of an important element or compound the reaction will be slower, (Rader) Energy
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carbon atom is very adaptable. Carbon is the sixth most plentiful component in world. The in the periodic table the carbon atom is in Group IV which means that the atom has four electrons in it outer shell. Carbon can share or lose electrons making it very diverse. The more carbon bond the strong the molecule become, this covalently bonding allow carbon to bond with elements. Carbon can form multiples bonds. When carbon bonds with oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen helps form vital elements of life
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STRUCTURE: Plum Pudding- Thompson Thomson’s "Plum Pudding Model" each atom was a sphere filled with a positively charged fluid Rutherford-Proton predicted Neutron Chadwick-Neutron (No Charge hard to find) Mass proton and electron-1 Neutron-0 Mass number- Protons and Neutrons Atomic Number-Protons OR Electrons Isotope-A molecule with more than one type of atom Element-A substance which contains one type of atom Electronic configuration: 2,8,8,8,8,8 Ionic Bonding: Ionic bonding is
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Appendix B.3 may be particularly useful. Answers to odd-numbered problems appear in the back of the book. 1. A crystalline solid consists of atoms stacked up in a repeating lattice structure. Consider a crystal as shown in Figure P1.1a. The atoms reside at the corners of cubes of side L = 0.200 nm. One piece of evidence for the regular arrangement of atoms comes from the flat surfaces along which a crystal separates, or cleaves, when it is broken. Suppose this crystal cleaves along a face diagonal
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arranged the elements, known at that time, in a periodic table by using properties of these elements and their compounds and used his table to predict the existence and properties of some elements not then discovered ● Classify elements as metals or non-metals according to their position in the periodic table ● Describe the structure of an atom as a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells (energy levels) ● Demonstrate an understanding that the nucleus of an atom is very
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MOLECULES OF LIFE 90% of the human body is composed of just four elements. They are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. These elements combine to larger units called molecules. There are two types of molecules in our bodies; organic and inorganic. INORGANIC MOLECULES are not made of carbon atoms. 1. SALTS are found in body fluids. They are needed for muscle contraction and nerve conduction. 2. WATER The body is about 70% water. All of our body’s chemical reactions require it. It keeps the
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T Kelvin (k) Current I Ampere (A) Amt. substance mol mole 6.02 x 10 23 (molecules) Luminous intensity - candela (c d) MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES Multiples are larger than the base units and submultiples are smaller than the base units Multiples
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