positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of the other. Dipole-dipole attraction occurs between molecules which are permanent dipoles (polar covalent molecules). An example of a dipole-dipole interaction is HCl and HCl. b. Dipole-induced dipole interaction: a dipole-induced dipole interaction is produced in neutral molecules when they are introduced into a magnetic field (i.e induced by an electric current or by a permanent dipole). Subjecting a neutral molecule to such magnetic fields
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with one or more amino groups. | amino acid | An organic molecule containing a carboxyl group and an amino group; serves as the monomer of proteins. | amino group | In an organic molecule, a functional group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. | anabolic steroid | A synthetic variant of the male hormone testosterone that mimics some of its effects. | carbohydrate | Member of the class of biological molecules consisting of simple single-monomer sugars (monosaccharides)
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paper, leaving the residue on the impermeable substance/filtrating medium and the filtrate to pass through. | Dissolved solids in liquids Evaporation | If the liquid in the mixture is more volatile (boiling point is lower) than the soluble solid, the soluble solid will remain while the liquid evaporates. The procedure employs the use of an evaporating dish and a Bunsen burner. | Crystallisation | Another method of dissolved solids from a liquid mixture (solution)The impure salt is dissolved
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culture? How can we tell the difference between a foreign language and a variation of our native language? 1) How chemistry has its own language a) Chemistry: 2H2 + O2 2H2O b) English: Two molecules of hydrogen react with one molecule of oxygen to form two molecules of water. This represents how chemistry has its own language because it uses different grammar rules and even different characters when it is written. a) (this could be considered an abbreviation instead
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Chem Notes Unit 1: Quantitative Chemistry, Measurement and Data Processing Unit Conversions: dm3 (decimeter^3) = L (liters) cm3 (centimeter^3) = mL (milliliters) 0 ° C (degrees celsius) = 273.15 K (Kelvin) convert Celsius into Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the current value The difference between Accuracy and Precision: Accuracy → difference between average of measured values and true value Precision → the reproducibility of the measurements, how close they are to eachother Types
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Hydrochloric Acid is a strong chemical compound. It is a powerful substance with many uses. The bonding in hydrochloric acid is the reason why it has a high The two elements making up hydrochloric acid are Hydrogen and Chlorine. Each molecule of hydrochloric acid is made up of one Hydrogen atom and one chlorine atom sharing one electron each so that they both have a full outer shell. Hence the Molecular Formula of hydrochloric acid is HCl. Hydrogen has an electronegativity of 2.1 and Chlorine
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structural formula | f. | hydrogen bond | ____ 1. a depiction of the arrangement of atoms in molecules and polyatomic ions ____ 2. a covalent bond in which only one pair of electrons is shared ____ 3. a covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared ____ 4. a covalent bond in which the shared electron pair comes from only one of the atoms ____ 5. a covalent bond between two atoms of significantly different electronegativities ____ 6. a type of bond that is very
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charge • Chemical bond the force of attraction that binds atoms together in a chemical compound • When atoms react to form chemical bonds, only the electrons in the outermost / valence shell are involved 3 Forms of Chemical Bonds 1) ________molecular bond – forces hold the atoms within a molecule • Ionic / Electrovalent Bond • Covalent Bond • Metallic Bond 2) ________molecular bond – forces between the molecules • Hydrogen bonding • Van der Waals 3) Co-ordinate / Dative Bond
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Atoms are building blocks, all matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms. All atoms consist of subatomic particles called; protons, neutrons and electrons. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed but can be rearranged to from different substances. Compounds and elements are composed of tiny particles known as molecules, molecules are specified as atoms that are affiliated (combined) by chemical bonds—the joining of two or more atoms. Compounds are molecules containing at least two or
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